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51 results for “root endophytes”
Deschampsia biomass, soil microbes and endophyte root colonization for snowmelt and microbial innoculation transplant experiment in the Green Lakes Valley, 2015-2018
As organisms shift their geographic distributions in response to climate change, biotic interactions have emerged as an important factor driving the rate and success of range expansions. Plant-microbe interactions are an understudied but potentially important factor governing plant range shifts. We studied the distribution and function of microbes present in high-elevation unvegetated soils, areas that plants are colonizing as climate warms, snow melts earlier and the summer growing season lengthens. Using a manipulative snowpack and microbial inoculation transplant experiment, we tested the hypothesis that growing season length and microbial community composition interact to control plant elevational range shifts. We predicted that a lengthening growing season combined with dispersal to patches of soils with more mutualistic microbes and fewer pathogenic microbes would facilitate plant survival and growth in previously unvegetated areas. We identified negative effects on survival of the common alpine bunchgrass Deschampsia cespitosa in both short and long growing seasons, suggesting an optimal growing season length for plant survival in this system that balances time for growth with soil moisture levels. Importantly, growing season length and microbes interacted to affect plant survival and growth, such that microbial community composition increased in importance in suboptimal growing season lengths. Further, plants grown with microbes from unvegetated soils grew as well or better than plants grown with microbes from vegetated soils. These results suggest that the rate and spatial extent of plant colonization of unvegetated soils in mountainous areas experiencing climate change could depend on both growing season length and soil microbial community composition, with microbes potentially playing more important roles as growing seasons lengthen.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes root colonization in Upper Green Lakes Valley, 2007-2016
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) are two fungal groups that colonize plant roots and can benefit plant growth, but little is known about their landscape distributions. We performed sequencing and microscopy on a variety of plants across a high-elevation landscape featuring plant density, snowpack, and nutrient gradients. Percent colonization by both AMF and DSE varied significantly among plant species, and DSE colonized forbs and grasses more than sedges. AMF were more abundant in roots at lower elevation areas with lower snowpack and lower phosphorus and nitrogen levels, suggesting increased hyphal recruitment by plants to aid in nutrient uptake. DSE colonization was highest in areas with less snowpack and higher inorganic nitrogen levels, suggesting an important role for these fungi in mineralizing organic nitrogen. Both of these groups of fungi are likely to be important for plant fitness and establishment in areas limited by phosphorus and nitrogen.
Root endophyte colonization in the black sand extended growing season experiment for Audubon, Lefty, East Knoll and Trough sites, 2023.
This dataset contains detailed microscopy-based observations of root colonization by three major fungal guilds—arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), dark septate endophytes (DSE), and fine root endophytes (FRE)—across multiple alpine plant species sampled from experimental black sand (early snowmelt) plots in the Rocky Mountains. Root samples were collected from plots subjected to different snowmelt timing treatments ("Early" and "Control") using black sand to cause early snowmelt to investigate the effects of phenological shifts in plants on fungal colonization. Each sample includes metadata on collection date, field location, plant species, and staining/scoring logistics, as well as quantified colonization metrics such as hyphae, arbuscules, vesicles, and other fungal structures. This dataset supports ongoing research into how alpine plant–fungal interactions respond to changing environmental conditions and may help identify shifts in mutualistic and non-mutualistic associations under climate-altered snowmelt regimes.
Figure 4 in Endophytic fungi in roots of native orchids of rupestrian grasslands (campos rupestres) in Serra do Cipó, Brazil
Figure 4. Phylogenetic inference of the endophytic fungal genus Serendipita generated by Bayesian analysis of ITS sequences. A posteriori probabilities are indicated on the nodes. Bold codes and respective NCBI access numbers for the isolates obtained from roots of the five native orchids (Cattleya brevipedunculata, Epidendrum saxatile, E. secundum, Grobya cipoensis and Pleurothallis teres) sampled in a rupestrian grasslands of Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Identification and accession number for NCBI and UNITE platform are provided to reference sequences.
Fungal root endophytes colonization of moist meadow forbs in 2017 at Niwot Ridge LTER site
Fungal root endophytes play an important role in plant nutrition, helping plants acquire nutrients in exchange for photosynthates. We sought to characterize the progression of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), dark septate endophytes (DSE), and fine root endophytes (FRE) over an alpine growing season, and to understand the role of the host plant and environment in driving colonization levels. We sampled four forbs on a regular schedule from June 26th – September 11th from a moist meadow (3535 m.a.s.l) on Niwot Ridge, Rocky Mountain Front Range, Colorado, USA. We quantified the degree of root colonization by storage structures, exchange structures, and hyphae of all three groups of fungi. AMF and FRE percent colonization fluctuated significantly over time, while DSE did not. All AMF structures changed over time, and the degree of change in vesicles differed by plant species. FRE hyphae, AMF arbuscules and AMF vesicles peaked late in the season as plants produced seeds. AMF hyphae levels started high, decreased, and then increased within 20 days, highlighting the dynamic nature of plant-fungal interactions. Overall, our results show that AMF and FRE, not DSE, root colonization rapidly changes over the course of a growing season and these changes are driven by plant phenology and seasonal changes in the environment.
Data for: Relatively rare root endophytic bacteria drive plant resource allocation patterns and tissue nutrient concentration in unpredictable ways
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Premise of Study</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Plant endophytic bacterial strains can influence plant traits such as leaf area and root length. Yet, the influence of more complex bacterial communities in regulating overall plant phenotype is less explored. Here, we conducted two complementary experiments to test if we can predict plant phenotype response to changes in microbial community composition. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>In the first study, we inoculated a single genotype of <i>Populus deltoides</i>with individual root endophytic bacteria and measured plant phenotype. Next, single inoculation data were used to predict phenotypic traits in mixed three-member community inoculations, which we tested in the second experiment. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Key Results</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>When in isolation, each bacterial endophyte significantly but weakly altered plant phenotype relative to non-inoculated plants. In mixture, bacterial strain <i>Burkholderia</i>BT03, constituted at least 98% of community relative abundance. Yet, plant resource allocation and tissue nutrient concentrationswere disproportionately influenced by <i>Pseudomonas </i>sp.GM17, GM30, and GM41. We found a 10% increase in leaf mass fraction and a 11% decrease in root mass fraction when replacing<i>Pseudomonas </i>GM17 with GM41 in communities containing both <i>Pseudomonas </i>GM30 and <i>Burkholderia</i>BT03. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Conclusions</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Our results indicate that interactions among endophytic bacteria may drive plant phenotype over the contribution of each strain individually. Additionally, we have shown that low-abundant strains contribute to plant phenotype challenging the assumption that the dominant strains will drive plant function.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data for: Relatively rare root endophytic bacteria drive plant resource allocation patterns and tissue nutrient concentration in unpredictable ways
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Fungal root-endophytes influence plants in a species-specific manner that depends on plant's growth stage
The mycobiome (fungal microbiome) influences plants— from seed germination to full maturation. While many studies on fungal-plant interaction studies have focused on known mutualistic and pathogenic fungi, the functional role of ubiquitous endophytic fungi remains little explored. We examined how root-inhabiting fungi (endophytes) influence range expanding plant species. We isolated endophytes from three European intra-continental range-expanders and three congenerics that are native both in the range-expander's original (southern Europe) and new (northern Europe) range. To standardize our collection, endophytes were obtained from all six plant species growing under controlled conditions in northern (new range of the range-expander) and southern (native range of the range-expander) soils. We cultivated, molecularly identified and tested the effects of all isolates on seed germination, and growth of seedlings and older plants. Most of the 34 isolates could not be functionally characterized based on their taxonomic identity and literature information on functions. Endophytes affected plant growth in a plant species-endophyte specific manner, but overall differed between range-expanders and natives. While endophytes reduced germination and growth of range-expanders compared to natives, they reduced seedling growth of natives more than of range-expanders. Synthesis: We conclude that endophytic fungi have a direct effect on plant growth in a plant growth stage-dependent manner. While these effects differed between range expanders and natives, the effect strength and significance varied among the plant genera included in the present study. Nevertheless, endophytes likely influence establishment of newly arriving plants and influence vegetation dynamics
A fungal endophyte induces local cell-wall mediated resistance in wheat roots against take-all disease
<p>Datasets to accompany 'A fungal endophyte induces local cell-wall mediated resistance in wheat roots against take-all disease', <span>DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1444271.</span></p> <p><span>These are datasheet 1 and table S2.</span></p> <p> </p>
FIGURE2. Colletotrichum serranegrense COAD 2100. A in Colletorichum serranegrense sp. nov., a new endophytic species from the roots of the endangered Brazilian epiphytic orchid Cattleya jongheana
FIGURE2. Colletotrichum serranegrense COAD 2100. A, Setae; B, Appressoria; C, Conidiophores; D, Conidia. Scale bars =10 μm.
FIGURE 3 in Colletorichum serranegrense sp. nov., a new endophytic species from the roots of the endangered Brazilian epiphytic orchid Cattleya jongheana
FIGURE 3. Bayesian phylogenetic tree inferred from DNA sequence data from multigene alignment (ITS, ACT, TUB2, CHS-1). Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP,> 0.50) and RAxML bootstrap support (MLBS,> 50) values are indicated at the nodes (BPP/MLBS). The type status of strains is indicated with an asterisk (*) and specimens representing the new species are in bold face. The tree was rooted with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (isolate CBS 953.97).
FIGURE 1 in A new endophytic fungus, Tulasnella phuhinrongklaensis (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) isolated from roots of the terrestrial orchid, Phalaenopsis pulcherrima
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree derived from maximum likelihood analysis of combined ITS and LSU regions of rDNA genes of 44 sequences. Rhizoctonia obscura and R. solani were used as the outgroups. Numbers above branches are the bootstrap statistics percentages (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right). Branches with bootstrap values ≥ 50% are shown at each branch and the bar represents 0.1 substitutions per nucleotide position. The fungal isolates from this study are in bold. T = type species.
FIGURE 2 in A new endophytic fungus, Tulasnella phuhinrongklaensis (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) isolated from roots of the terrestrial orchid, Phalaenopsis pulcherrima
FIGURE 2. Tulasnella phuhinrongklaensis CMU-CR41 (holotype). Colony on different media after incubation at 25 °C for two weeks. A. Potato dextrose agar. B. Oat meal agar. C. Malt extract agar. D. Corn meal agar. E. Right-angled branching with septate hyphae (arrows). F. Mycelia stained with 5% DAPI showing binucleate cells (arrows). G. Branched chains of monilioid cells. Scale bars: A–D = 10 mm, E = 10 μm, F = 50 μm, G = 20 μm.
Table 1 in The grass root endophytic fungus Flavomyces fulophazii: An abundant source of tetramic acid and chlorinated azaphilone derivatives
<p><b>Table 1</b> Details of Flavomyces fulophazii isolates included in this study.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Isolate No. in this study</th><th>Other strain/isolate/culture names</th><th>Collection area</th><th>Collection date</th><th>Host plant</th><th>ITS GenBank accession No.</th><th>Publication</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>HF-1</th><td>flavo_01</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>April 2014</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>MW438310</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>HF-2</th><td>flavo_04</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>April 2014</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>MW438311</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>HF-3</th><td>flavo_05</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>April 2014</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>MW438312</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>HF-4</th><td>flavo_06</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>April 2014</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>MW438313</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>HF-5</th><td>flavo_08</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>April 2014</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>MW438314</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>HF-6</th><td>flavo_09</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>April 2014</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>MW438315</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>HF-7</th><td>flavo_11</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>April 2014</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>MW438316</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>HF-8</th><td>flavo_13</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>April 2014</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>MW438317</td><td>This study</td></tr><tr><th>HF-9</th><td>DSE8/143 = CBS 135664</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>July 2005</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>KP184000 a</td><td>Knapp et al. (2015)</td></tr><tr><th>HF-10</th><td>DSE8/S = CBS 135761 (T)</td><td>Fül¨oph´aza, Hungary</td><td>July 2012</td><td><i>Festuca vaginata</i></td><td>KP184001 b</td><td>Knapp et al. (2015)</td></tr><tr><th>MF-1</th><td>MF03</td><td>Nalaikh, Mongolia</td><td>October 2016</td><td><i>Stipa krylovii</i></td><td>MN537657</td><td>Knapp et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><th>MF-2</th><td>MF04</td><td>Nalaikh, Mongolia</td><td>October 2016</td><td><i>Stipa krylovii</i></td><td>MN537658</td><td>Knapp et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><th>MF-3</th><td>MF05</td><td>Nalaikh, Mongolia</td><td>October 2016</td><td><i>Stipa krylovii</i></td><td>MN537659</td><td>Knapp et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><th>MF-4</th><td>MF06</td><td>Nalaikh, Mongolia</td><td>October 2016</td><td><i>Stipa krylovii</i></td><td>MN537660</td><td>Knapp et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><th>MF-5</th><td>MF07</td><td>Nalaikh, Mongolia</td><td>October 2016</td><td><i>Stipa krylovii</i></td><td>MN537661</td><td>Knapp et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><th>MF-6</th><td>MF08</td><td>Nalaikh, Mongolia</td><td>October 2016</td><td><i>Stipa krylovii</i></td><td>MN537662</td><td>Knapp et al. (2019)</td></tr><tr><th>MF-7</th><td>MF09 = DSE8309</td><td>Nalaikh, Mongolia</td><td>October 2016</td><td><i>Stipa krylovii</i></td><td>MN537663 c</td><td>Knapp et al. (2019)</td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup>a</sup> Sequences of further DNA loci of this strain are available: LSU (partial 28S large subunit of the nrRNA gene): KP184039; SSU (partial 18S small subunit of the nrRNA gene): KP184081; ACT (partial actin gene): KP184116; CAL (partial calmodulin gene): KP184159.</p><p><sup>b</sup> Sequences of further DNA loci of this strain are available: LSU: KP184040; SSU: KP184082; ACT: KP184118; CAL: KP184158.</p><p><sup>c</sup> Sequences of further DNA loci of this strain are available: LSU: MN515261; TEF (translation elongation factor 1-α): MN535259. (T): ex-type culture.</p>
Fig. 1 in Isoavenaciol and 7-hydroxy-isoavenaciol: Zn-chelating metallophores produced by root-endophytic Pezicula ericae in a Zn-accumulating plant, Aucuba japonica
Fig. 1. Zn-chelating activity of each sample solution. The activities were shown as means ± standard errors (n = 3). (+) indicates that a clear zone only inside the steel cup or paper disk. The different letters indicate a statistically significant difference was observed in one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffe´at P <0.05.
Fig. 5 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots
Fig. 5. DF11 effect on the accumulation of tanshinones and salvianolic acid in aseptic seedling roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Compared with the control group, *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001.
Fig. 3 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots
Fig. 3. Root phenotypes of S. miltiorrhiza seedlings 8 weeks after strain DF11 inocculation. (a)the control group inoculated with PDA liquid, (b) the treatment group inoculated with DF11 fungal suspension, (c) and (d) Red boxed areas of (a) and (b) are enlarged in (c) and (d) respectively. Scale bar = 1.0 cm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots
Fig. 2. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of strain DF11. (a)and(b) Frontal and backside morphology of DF11 colony respectively (Scale bar = 1.0 cm); (c)and(d) Microscopic morphology of spores and mycelium of DF11 respectively (40 × 10, Scale bar = 20 μm); (e)and(g) mycelium structure of DF11 showed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); (e) Mycelium and conidiophore; (f) Conidiophore; (g) Conidium; (h) Neighbor-joining tree of DF11 based on the ITS gene sequences.
Fig. 1 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots
Fig. 1. The tanshinone biosynthesis pathway in S. miltiorrhiza. AACT: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, HMGS: 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, HMGR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, MK: mevalonate kinase, PMK: 5-phosphomevalonate kinase, MDC: mevalonate 5-diphosphate decarboxylase, DXS: 1-deoxy-Dxylulose-5- phosphate synthase, DXR: 1- deoxy-D-xylulose-5- phosphatereductoisomerase, MCT: 2-C-methyl-D- erythritol- 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, CMK: 4- (cytidine 5-diphospho) -2-C-methyl- Derythritolkinase, MECPS: 2-C-methyl- erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphatesynthase, HDS: 1-hydroxy-2- methyl-2-(E)- butenyl-4-diphosphate synthase, HDR: 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2- (E)- butenyl-4- diphosphate reductase), IDI: isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, GGPPS: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, CPS: copalyl diphosphate synthase, KSL: kaurene synthase-like, CYP76AH1: cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) 76AH1.
Fig. 6 in Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots
Fig. 6. The effects of DF11 on the expression of genes encoding for key enzymes of tanshinone biosynthesis pathway in S. miltiorrhiza roots. HMGR,3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, GGPPS, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, CPS,copalyl diphosphate synthase, DXR,1-deoxy-D-xylulose5- phosphate reductoisomerase, DXS,1-deoxy-D- xylulose5-phosphate synthase, CYP76AH1,cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) 76AH1. Compared with the control group, *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001. ACTIN was the internal reference gene.
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