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21 results for “root plasticity”
Acer and Quercus root traits plasticity
<p><u><span>Introduction</span></u><span>: Plant nutrient acquisition strategies range along a spectrum from autonomous foraging to investment in cooperative foraging through mycorrhizal associations. However, in temperate ecosystems, </span><span>many plant species encounter contrasted levels of symbiont availability in open fields versus closed forests<span>. Little is known about how fungal partner availability may be associated with intraspecific variation in other root foraging traits in natural settings.</span></span></p> <p><u><span>Methods</span></u><span>: Here, we addressed this issue by sampling saplings from two tree species: the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) <em>Acer rubrum</em> and the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) <em>Quercus rubra</em> from open fields (AM-dominated) and adjacent forest plots (ECM-dominated). For each species and environment, we measured morphological, architectural, and symbiotic root traits.</span></p> <p><u><span>Results</span></u><span>: For the open field, <em>Quercus</em> had greater specific root length (SRL) while <em>Acer</em> had higher AM colonization and root diameter. In the closed forest, the opposite pattern was observed, namely <em>Quercus</em> had higher ECM colonization and <em>Acer</em> greater SRL. </span></p> <p><u><span>Discussion</span></u><span>: Both species showed evidence of a shift toward autonomous root foraging in the habitat with low expected symbiont abundance (open field for <em>Quercus</em> and forest for <em>Acer</em>). </span><span>Although the confounding effects of site abiotic properties could not be strictly controlled in this study, these results suggest that plants might adjust root foraging traits according to local habitat conditions.</span></p> <p><u><span>Synthesis</span></u><span>: Our results shed new light on the intraspecific variation in plant position along the so-called "collaboration gradient", and suggest that mycorrhizal symbiont availability, along with other factors such as competition and site properties, may contribute to this variation.</span></p>
Acer and Quercus root traits plasticity
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Data from: Contrasting depth-related fine root plastic responses to soil warming in a subtropical Chinese fir plantation
<p>Warming-induced soil drought especially in topsoil may enlarge the spatial mismatch between nutrients and water along the soil profile, which impedes the uptake of not only water but also nutrients by trees. Therefore, coordinating the acquisition of soil water and nutrients along the soil profile is an important strategy for trees to cope with global warming.</p> <p>This study examined soil depth-related changes in nutrient concentrations, biomass, and morphology of fine roots in a Chinese fir plantation after 3 years of large-scale manipulative soil warming.</p> <p>Soil warming (ambient + 4°C) increased fine root nitrogen (N) concentrations but decreased fine root phosphorus (P) concentrations across soil depths. Warming did not affect total fine root biomass and its vertical distribution. At the 0–10 cm depth, warming increased specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), fine root diameter (RD), and root length density (RLD) but reduced root tissue density (RTD). In the 40–60 cm layer, warming reduced RD, SRL, and RLD while increasing RTD mainly for roots of the 1–2 mm diameter class.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>: We concluded that roots of Chinese fir plantations could adapt to warming-induced moderate water stress through contrasting depth-related root morphological adjustments, probably to optimize the acquisition of both soil water and nutrients. The results of this study are crucial for understanding the adaptation strategies of subtropical forests under future climate conditions.</p>
Data from: Unbiased analysis of cellular plasticity in the dorsal root ganglion after peripheral nerve injury
<p>Sectional images of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) 7 or 14 days after SNI or sham injury.</p> <p>Sections were immunostained for neurofilament (NF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and glutamine synthetase (GS) and imaged using large-field (tile) microscopy. Images were segmented with a deep learning method (deepflash2).</p> <p>Provided are: </p> <p>- 2-13 images per DRG from L4 or L5, ipsilateral (IL) or contralateral (CL) </p> <p>- corresponding segmentation masks for NF, GS, and GFAP </p> <p>- deep learning models for oval-shaped NF-positive structures and ring-like GS/GFAP-positive structures </p> <p>- annotated data that the deep learning models were trained on</p>
Overyielding is accounted for partly by plasticity and dissimilarity of crop root traits in maize/legume intercropping systems
<p><span>Positive biodiversity-productivity relationships have been found in biodiversity field experiments of grassland, forestry, and other natural terrestrial ecosystems, where diversity effects were separated by complementarity (CE) and selection effects (SE). However, we know little about how CE and SE are related to root traits and root dissimilarity.</span></p> <p><span>A four-year field experiment was carried out with a split-plot design, where main plot was four nitrogen (N) applications (N0, N1, N2, N3) and five cropping systems (maize (</span><span><em>Zea mays</em> </span><span>L.</span><span>)/soybean (</span><span><em>Glycine max</em> </span><span>L. Merrill.</span><span>), maize/peanut (</span><em><span>Arachis hypogaea</span></em> <span>L.</span><span>) intercropped and the corresponding monocultures) with three replicates. Roots were sampled in the N0 and N2 treatments in two years. Intercropping effects were analyzed based on grain yield for four years and roots were sampled down to 60 cm depth, and analyzed with morphological parameters at different crop growth stages in two years.</span></p> <p><span>Intercropping significantly increased grain yield and aboveground biomass in both intercropping systems under all N treatments. The partitioning of the net intercropping effects showed that yield advantage in intercropping was due to a positive CE under the N0 treatment, and to a positive SE with N application.</span></p> <p><span>Maize showed greater root morphological plasticity than the legumes did, with greater changes in root length density (RLD), root weight density (RWD) and total root surface (TS) in intercropping than in monoculture. Intercropped maize occupied a larger soil space, while lateral RLD distribution of legumes was decreased by maize. The RLD, RWD, and TS of intercropped maize were constant or increased in later growth stages. SE showed a significantly positive relationship with root dissimilarity. Principal component analysis showed mean root depth and specific root length of legumes drove the positive CE in the absence of N fertilization. </span></p> <p><span>Root dissimilarity determined by maize explained the selection effects in overyielding. Complementarity effects under N0 were closely associated with specific root traits such as mean root depth and specific root length. Linking changes of root traits with intercropping effects aboveground helps understand yield advantages in diverse agroecosystem.</span><span> In general, a cereal species with strong phenotypic plasticity intercropped with a legume species with strong physiological plasticity can maximize the yield advantage of intercropping.</span></p>
Extraradical hyphae exhibit more plastic nutrient-acquisition strategies than roots under nitrogen enrichment in ectomycorrhiza-dominated forests
<p>Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) functional traits related to nutrient acquisition are impacted by nitrogen (N) deposition. However, less is known about whether these nutrient-acquisition traits associated with roots and hyphae differentially respond to increased N deposition in ECM-dominated forests with different initial N status. We conducted a chronic N addition experiment (25 kg N ha-1 yr-1) in two ECM-dominated forests with contrasting initial N status, i.e. a <em>Pinus armandii</em> forest (with relatively low N availability) and a <em>Picea asperata</em> forest (with relatively high N availability), to assess nutrient-mining and -foraging strategies associated with roots and hyphae under N addition. We show that nutrient-acquisition strategies of roots and hyphae differently respond to increased N addition. Root nutrient-acquisition strategies showed a consistent response to N addition, regardless of initial forest nutrient status, shifting from organic N mining toward inorganic N foraging. In contrast, the hyphal nutrient-acquisition strategy showed diverse responses to N addition depending on initial forest N status. In the <em>Pinus armandii </em>forest, trees increased belowground carbon (C) allocation to ECM fungi thus enhancing hyphal N-mining capacity under increased N availability. By comparison, in the <em>Picea asperata</em> forest, ECM fungi enhanced both capacities of P foraging and P mining in response to N-induced P limitation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ECM fungal hyphae exhibit greater plasticity in nutrient-mining and -foraging strategies than roots do in response to changes in nutrient status induced by N deposition. This study highlights the importance of ECM associations in tree acclimation and forest function stability under changing environments.</p>
Data from: Contrasting depth-related fine root plastic responses to soil warming in a subtropical Chinese fir plantation
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Extraradical hyphae exhibit more plastic nutrient-acquisition strategies than roots under nitrogen enrichment in ectomycorrhiza-dominated forests
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Overyielding is accounted for partly by plasticity and dissimilarity of crop root traits in maize/legume intercropping systems
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Data for: Plasticity and co-variation of root traits govern phosphorus acquisition among 20 wheat genotypes
<p>Trait plasticity (variation of a trait under environmental variability or gradients) and trait integration are both crucial for plant adaption to environmental change. Variations in different suite of root traits such as biomass allocation, morphology and physiology underlie diverse phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies among plants. Yet, how the intraspecific plasticity and integration of root traits influence plant adaptation to different P supply remains obscure. To characterize diverse adaptive strategies in relation to plant P acquisition, eight root traits were assessed in 20 wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) genotypes grown in a culture room with low and high P supply. High P supply increased shoot P accumulation and biomass of all wheat genotypes. The shoot P accumulation in genotypes with high P sensitivity (PS: calculated as shoot P content at low P / shoot P content at high P supply) was higher with high P supply and lower with low P supply compared with that in the genotypes with low PS. The high-PS genotypes exhibited larger variation in root length, root/shoot ratio and rhizosphere pH across P supplies than the low-PS genotypes, suggesting an integrated response at the whole-plant level. At low P supply, the high-PS genotypes had greater root length and specific root length, but lower acid phosphatase activity than the low-PS genotypes, which suggests contrasting P-acquisition strategies across the genotypes. Strong co-variation of root traits occurred across low-PS genotypes regardless of P supply; conversely, the high-PS genotypes only exhibited strong trait integration at low P supply, whereas high P supply sharply reduced root trait co-variation. Our findings suggest that P stress may strengthen root trait integration in wheat plants, and that both plasticity and integration of root traits drive plant adaptive strategies and tolerance to P-deficiency stress.</p>
Phenotypic Plasticity Structure of Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Taxodiaceae) Fine Adventitious Roots Adapt to Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments
<p>Supplement 1. Phellogen close to the remnant exodermis and under lysigenous primary phloem. Match to Fig. 2C, D, secondary xylem, vascular cambium (below arrowhead), phellogen (arrows), lysigenous primary phloem (black arrow), phloem aerenchyma, dilated parenchyma (*), phloem fibers, remnant exodermis (ex), staining: TBO; scale bars = 50 μm;</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplement 2. Phellogen under lysigenous primary phloem. Match to Fig. 2C, D, secondary xylem, vascular cambium (below arrow), phellogen (arrows), lysigenous primary phloem (black arrow), cortical aerenchyma, dilated parenchyma (*), phloem fibers, remnant exodermis (ex), staining: TBO; scale bars = 50 μm;</p>
Genome-Wide Association Studies meta-analysis uncovers NOJO and SGS3 novel genes involved in Arabidopsis thaliana primary root development and plasticity
<p>Postembryonic primary root growth relies on meristems that harbour multipotent stem cells that produce new cells that will duplicate and provide all the different root cell types. <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> primary root growth has become a model for evo-devo studies due to its simplicity and facility to record cell proliferation and differentiation. To identify new genetic components relevant to primary root growth, we used a Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) meta-analysis approach using data published in the last decade. In this work, we performed intra and inter-studies analyses to discover new genetic components that could participate in primary root growth. We used 639 accessions from nine different studies and performed different GWAS tests ranging from single studies and pairwise analysis with high correlation associations, analyzing the same number of accessions in different studies to using the daily data of the root growth kinetic of the same research. We found that primary root growth changes were associated with 41 genomic loci, of which six (14.6%) have been previously described as inhibitors or promoters of primary root growth. The knockdown of genes associated with two of these loci: a gene that participates in Trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs) processing <em>Suppressor of Gene Silencing</em> (<em>SGS3</em>) and a gene with a Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) confirmed their participation as repressors of primary root growth. As none has been shown to participate in this developmental process before, our GWAS analysis identified new genes that participate in primary root growth. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the genomic basis of root development and further demonstrate the usefulness of GWAS meta-analyses in non-human species.</p>
Data for: Plasticity and co-variation of root traits govern phosphorus acquisition among 20 wheat genotypes
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Data from: Plasticity in root symbioses following shifts in soil nutrient availability during long-term ecosystem development
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Data from: Evolution of root plasticity responses to variation in soil nutrient distribution and concentration
Root plasticity, a trait that can respond to selective pressure, may help plants forage for nutrients in heterogeneous soils. Agricultural breeding programs have artificially selected for increased yield under comparatively homogeneous soil conditions, potentially decreasing the capacity for plasticity in crop plants like barley (Hordeum vulgare). However, the effects of domestication on the evolution of root plasticity are essentially unknown. Using a split container approach, we examined differences in root plasticity among three domestication levels of barley germplasm (wild, landrace, and cultivar) grown under different concentrations and distribution patterns of soil nutrients. Domestication level, nutrient concentration, and nutrient distribution interactively affected average root diameter; differential root allocation (within-plant plasticity) was greatest in wild barley (H. spontaneum), especially under low nutrient levels. Correlations of within-plant root plasticity and plant size were most pronounced in modern cultivars under low nutrient conditions. Barley plants invested more resources to root systems when grown in low nutrient soils and allocated more roots to higher nutrient locations. Root plasticity in barley is scale dependent and varies with domestication level. Although wild barley harbors a greater capacity for within-plant root plasticity than domesticated barley, cultivars exhibited the greatest capacity to translate within-plant plasticity into increased plant size.
Data from: Plastic particles adsorb to the roots of freshwater vascular plant Spirodela polyrhiza but do not impair growth
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Data from: Evolution of root plasticity responses to variation in soil nutrient distribution and concentration
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Neuroblastoma heterogeneity and plasticity over disease progression are rooted in the dynamics of an early sympathetic transcriptional trajectory
GEO Series GSE245175. Homo sapiens. 79 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Immunopurified mRNA-ribosome complexes expose cell-type specific plasticity during hypoxia in Arabidopsis root tips
GEO Series GSE14493. Arabidopsis thaliana. 20 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
The small RNA diversity from Medicago truncatula roots under biotic interactions evidences the environmental plasticity of the miRNAome
GEO Series GSE49226. Medicago truncatula. 23 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.