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7 results for “run of homozygosity”
Silva, Harder et al. Detectability of runs of homozygosity is influenced by analysis parameters and population-specific demographic history Data
<p>Dataset used in the "Detectability of runs of homozygosity is influenced by analysis parameters and population-specific demographic history" paper by Silva, Harder et al.</p> <p>This dataset includes Fasta files for Simulated dataset and VCF files for both Empirical and Simulated datasets.</p>
Runs of homozygosity reveal past bottlenecks and contemporary inbreeding across diverging populations of an island-colonizing bird
<p>Genomes retain evidence of the demographic history and evolutionary forces that have shaped populations. Across island systems, contemporary patterns of genetic diversity reflect complex population demography, including colonisation events, bottlenecks, gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we investigate whether island founder events have prolonged effects on genome-wide diversity and runs of homozygosity (ROH) distributions, using whole genome resequencing from six populations across three archipelagos of Berthelot's pipit (<em>Anthus</em> <em>berthelotii</em>) – a passerine which has undergone island speciation relatively recently. Pairwise sequential Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analyses estimated divergence from its sister species approximately two million years ago. Results indicate that all Berthelot's pipit populations had shared ancestry until approximately 50,000 years ago, when the Madeiran archipelago populations were founded, while the Selvagens were colonised within the last 8,000 years. We identify extensive long ROH (>1 Mb) in genomes in the most recently colonised populations of Madeira and Selvagens which have experienced sequential island founder events and population crashes. Population expansion within the last 100 years may have eroded long ROH in the Madeiran archipelago, resulting in a prevalence of short ROH (<1 Mb). Extensive long and short ROH in the Selvagens reflects strong recent inbreeding, small contemporary effective population size and past bottleneck effects, with as much as 37.7% of the autosomes comprised of ROH >250 kb in length. These findings highlight the importance of demographic history, as well as selection and genetic drift, in shaping contemporary patterns of genomic diversity across diverging populations. </p>
Runs of homozygosity reveal past bottlenecks and contemporary inbreeding across diverging populations of an island-colonizing bird
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Synteny enabled upgrade of the Galapagos giant tortoise genome improves inferences of runs of homozygosity
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Data from: Runs of homozygosity and signatures of selection: a comparison among eight local Swiss sheep breeds
A dataset consisting of 787 animals with high density SNP chip genotypes (346,774 SNP) and 939 animals with medium density SNP chip genotypes (33,828 SNP) from a total of 8 indigenous Swiss sheep breeds was analyzed to characterize population structures, quantify genomic inbreeding based on runs of homozygosity and identify selection signatures. In concordance with the recent known history of these breeds, the highest genetic diversity was observed in Engadine Red sheep and the lowest in Valais Blacknose sheep. Correlation between FPED and FROH was around 0.50 and thereby lower than that found in similar studies in cattle. Mean FROH estimates from medium density data and HD data were highly correlated (0.95). Signatures of selection and candidate gene analysis revealed that the most prominent signatures of selection were found in the proximity of genes associated with body size (NCAPG, LCORL, LAP3, SPP1, PLAG1, ALOX12, TP53), litter size (SPP1), milk production (ABCG2, SPP1), coat color (KIT, ASIP, TBX3) and horn status (RXFP2). For the Valais Blacknose sheep the private signatures in proximity of genes/QTL influencing body size, coat color and fatty acid composition were confirmed based on runs of homozygosity analysis. These private signatures underline the genetic uniqueness of the Valais Blacknose sheep breed. In conclusion we identified differences in the genetic make-up of Swiss sheep breeds and we present relevant candidate genes responsible for breed differentiation in locally adapted breeds.
Data from: Runs of homozygosity and signatures of selection: a comparison among eight local Swiss sheep breeds
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Genome-wide Characterization of Selection Signatures and Runs of Homozygosity in Ugandan Goat Breeds
<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p>Both natural and artificial selection are among the main driving forces shaping genetic variation across the genome of livestock species. Selection typically leaves signatures in the genome, which are often characterized by high genetic differentiation across breeds and/or a strong reduction in genetic diversity in regions associated with traits under intense selection pressure. In this study, we evaluated selection signatures and genomic inbreeding coefficients, based on runs of homozygosity (ROH), in six Ugandan goat breeds: Boer (n = 13), and the indigenous breeds Karamojong (n = 15), Kigezi (n = 29), Mubende (n = 29), Small East African (n = 29) and Sebei (n = 29). After genotyping quality control, 45,294 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remained for further analyses. A total of 394 and 6 breed-specific putative selection signatures were identified across all breeds, based on the fixation index ( -values) and hapFLK statistics respectively. These regions were enriched with genes involved in signalling pathways associated directly or indirectly with environmental adaptation, such as immune response (e.g. <em>IL10RB</em> and <em>IL23A</em>), growth and fatty acid composition (e.g. <em>FGF9</em> and <em>IGF1</em>), and thermo-tolerance (e.g. <em>MTOR</em> and <em>MAPK3</em>). The study revealed little overlap in genomic regions under selection and generally did not display the typical classic selection signatures as expected due to the complex nature of the traits. In the Boer breed, candidate genes associated with production traits, such as body size and growth (e.g. <em>GJB2</em> and <em>GJA3</em>) were also identified. Furthermore, analysis of ROH in indigenous goat breeds showed very low levels of genomic inbreeding (with the mean per breed ranging from 0.8% to 2.4%), as compared to higher inbreeding in Boer (mean = 13.8%). And, short ROH were more frequent than long ROH, except in Karamojong, providing insight in the developmental history of these goat breeds. This study provides important insights into the effects of long-term selection in Boer and indigenous Ugandan goat breeds and its genetic. Our findings are of great relevance to the implementation of breeding programs and conservation of genetic resources, as well as their sustainable use and management.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
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