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97 results for “sapling”
Bonanza Creek LTER: Shrub, Seedling and Sapling Density from 1975 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska
This study is a survey of the density of tall shrubs, saplings, and seedlings at Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots. Densities have been measured at some sites since 1975 while others began in the mid 1980's. In 2006 methodology was changed in attempt to better capture the spatial variability of shrub and tree species within the research sites. The current method, presented here, uses a 2 meter wide transect along two site boundaries covering 220m2. All seedlings, saplings, and tall shrubs >1m (regardless of species) are counted by species and size class along the transect. The previous method used 4m2 circular plots at 20 points on a 10mx10m grid within the control plot for an area of 80m2. The circular method measured all seedlings, saplings, and a certain set of "tall shrubs", regardless of height. The height requirement creates an issue when comparing the old and new methods for early successional stands. For Alnus and Salix this is likely only a problem in the FP0 sites as they are the only sites with a high density of shrubs shorter than 1m. Shrub community changes at these early successional sites should be analyzed using percent cover data. At the later successional sites most Alnus and Salix shrubs are greater than 1m so the transect method likely does not underrepresent density. The metadata and raw data from the circular method can be found in <a href="http://www.lter.uaf.edu/data/data-detail/id/175"> Vegetation Plots of the Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots: Species Count (1975 - 2004) </a>.
Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory (CAFI): IV - Sapling Inventory Data 2022-2024
The CAFI is a repeated forest measurement project established in forest stands throughout interior and southcentral Alaska. The CAFI was launched in 1994 and measurements were done at a 5-year interval until 2015. The project was on hiatus between 2016 and 2019 but picked back up again in 2020 and will continue at a 10-year interval. Total of 205 permanent plots have been established and each plot has been measured up to 6 times. The CAFI is the most extensive forest monitoring program, both in spatial and temporal scale, in interior and southcentral Alaska today. This is the sapling data of the CAFI. Sapling data is only available after 2022 due to a protocol change. The CAFI is a repeated forest measurement project established in forest stands throughout interior and southcentral Alaska. The CAFI was launched in 1994 and measurements were done at a 5-year interval until 2015. The project was on hiatus between 2016 and 2019 but picked back up again in 2020 and will continue at a 10-year interval. Total of 205 permanent plots have been established and each plot has been measured up to 6 times. The CAFI is the most extensive forest monitoring program, both in spatial and temporal scale, in interior and southcentral Alaska today.
Seedlings and Saplings in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2010-2013
The aim of this dataset is to quantify the changes over time in woody seedling and sapling abundances and sizes at a site that was clearcut in the fall of 2008, followed by natural regeneration. It evidences successional changes in recruitment, survival, and associated self-thinning, and can be used to quantify accumulation of aboveground live biomass post-clearing with corresponding allometric relationships.
Survey of Alarka Laurel and Rich Mountain Red Spruce (Picea rubens) Overstory, Saplings, and Seedlings in western North Carolina in 2007, 2022, and 2023
In the southern Appalachians, disjunct red spruce (Picea rubens) populations persist at low latitudes at elevations above 1,370 m. However, research on the condition of these disjunct red spruce populations is limited. This study compared baseline health, recruitment, and stand dynamics of two of the southern-most red spruce populations in eastern North America, the Rich Mountain and Alarka Laurel spruce bog basins in Nantahala National Forest, North Carolina. We collected data on overstory (DBH>10 cm), saplings (DBH< 10 cm, and height >2 m), and seedlings (height<10 cm) from Alarka Laurel in 2007 and 2022. Data from Rich Mountain were collected in 2023. We used 10-m wide belt transects noted the species and diameter at breast height (DBH) of overstory species, counted and noted the DBH of red spruce saplings, and counted and noted the height of red spruce seedlings. In 2022 and 2023, we gave a health score from 0-3 for all three categories of trees (overstory, saplings, and seedlings), with 0 being dead and 3 being healthy with little to no signs of disease or stress. Overall, both stands did not yet appear affected by climatic warming, despite the southern latitude and relatively low elevation. Our findings reveal that red spruce is the dominant overstory species, comprising an average of 25.6% of all measured overstory trees, with seedlings and saplings making up 72.8% of the red spruce population, indicating sustainable recruitment. Red spruce basal area declined by 13.9% from 2007 to 2022 in Alarka Laurel, with a concomitant increase in some hardwood species. However, both Alarka Laurel and Rich Mountain showed high levels of sapling and seedling recruitment. Overall, red spruce trees are healthy, particularly seedlings, representing the healthiest age category. Our results suggest the stands are relatively stable and provide essential baseline data for monitoring of forest conditions in the context of intensifying climate change. This research contributes to b
Bonanza Creek LTER: Shrub, Seedling and Sapling Density from 1975 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/530/11. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This study is a survey of the density of tall shrubs, saplings, and seedlings at Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots. Densities have been measured at some sites since 1975 while others began in the mid 1980's. In 2006 methodology was changed in attempt to better capture the spatial variability of shrub and tree species within the research sites. The current method, presented here, uses a 2 meter wide transect along two site boundaries covering 220m2. All seedlings, saplings, and tall shrubs >1m (regardless of species) are counted by species and size class along the transect. The previous method used 4m2 circular plots at 20 points on a 10mx10m grid within the control plot for an area of 80m2. The circular method measured all seedlings, saplings, and a certain set of "tall shrubs", regardless of height. The height requirement creates an issue when comparing the old and new methods for early successional stands. For Alnus and Salix this is likely only a problem in the FP0 sites as they are the only sites with a high density of shrubs shorter than 1m. Shrub community changes at these early successional sites should be analyzed using percent cover data. At the later successional sites most Alnus and Salix shrubs are greater than 1m so the transect method likely does not underrepresent density. The metadata and raw data from the circular method can be found in <a href="http://www.lter.uaf.edu/data/data-detail/id/175"> Vegetation Plots of the Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots: Species Count (1975 - 2004) </a>.
Greenhouse experiment (FCE) in April and August 2001: Responses of neotropical mangrove saplings to the combined effect of hydroperiod and salinity/Biomass
A greenhouse experiment was performed for 13.5 months to evaluate the effect of salinity and hydroperiod on seedling growth rates of 2 mangrove species( Laguncularia racemosa and Rizhophora mangle). Data analyses are currently being performed.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Shrub, Seedling and Sapling Density from 1975 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/320/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/530/11. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This study is a survey of the density of tall shrubs, saplings, and seedlings at Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots. Densities have been measured at some sites since 1975 while others began in the mid 1980's. In 2006 methodology was changed in attempt to better capture the spatial variability of shrub and tree species within the research sites. The current method, presented here, uses a 2 meter wide transect along two site boundaries covering 220m2. All seedlings, saplings, and tall shrubs >1m (regardless of species) are counted by species and size class along the transect. The previous method used 4m2 circular plots at 20 points on a 10mx10m grid within the control plot for an area of 80m2. The circular method measured all seedlings, saplings, and a certain set of "tall shrubs", regardless of height. The height requirement creates an issue when comparing the old and new methods for early successional stands. For Alnus and Salix this is likely only a problem in the FP0 sites as they are the only sites with a high density of shrubs shorter than 1m. Shrub community changes at these early successional sites should be analyzed using percent cover data. At the later successional sites most Alnus and Salix shrubs are greater than 1m so the transect method likely does not underrepresent density. The metadata and raw data from the circular method can be found in <a href="http://www.lter.uaf.edu/data/data-detail/id/175"> Vegetation Plots of the Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plo
FAB2_sapling_volume_2021-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Valleywide Plot Tree and Sapling Inventory – 1995, 2005, 2015
The valley-wide plots are a grid of 431 sites along fifteen N–S transects established at 500-m intervals spanning the entire Hubbard Brook Valley. The plot network was designed by Paul Schwarz for spatial analysis of tree species distribution patterns within the valley. Multiple above- and below-ground attributes have been measured on these plots. This dataset includes forest inventory data at 10 year intervals, for 1995, 2005, and 2015. The full survey takes three seasons to complete, with the datatable listing the exact measurement interval for each tree. Data are included for both trees and saplings on 371 core plots (all surveys) and 60 densified plots (1998, 2008). Locations of plots in this study can be found in the following dataset: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Valleywide Plots: GIS Shapefile (2022.) https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/440b176372e0cdeb341731aea816b67c These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. These data have been used in a number of publications including: Schwarz, P.A., Fahey, T.J., Martin, C.W., Siccama, T.G., and Bailey, A. 2001. Structure and composition of three northern hardwood–conifer forests with differing disturbance histories. For. Ecol. Manage. 144(1–3): 201–212. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00371-6. Schwarz, P.A., Fahey, T.J., and McCulloch, C.E. 2003. Factors controlling spatial variation of tree species abundance in a forested landscape. Ecology, 84(7): 1862–1878. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1862:FCSVOT]2.0.CO;2. van Doorn, N.S., Battles, J.J., Fahey, T.J., Siccama, T.G., and Schwarz, P.A. 2011. Links between biomass and tree demography in a northern hardwood forest: a decade of stability and change in Hubbard Brook Valley, New Hampshire. Can. J. For. Res. <emphasis role="strong">41</emphasis>(7): 1369–1379. doi:10.1139/X11-063. C
Seedling and sapling dynamics of treefall pits and undisturbed florest floor in El Verde, Puerto Rico
Seedling and sapling dynamics in a Puerto Rican rain forest were compared between forest understory and soil pits created by the uprooting of 27 trees during Hurricane Hugo. No difference in N and P levels were found in pit or forest soils under two trees with N-fixing symbionts (Inga laurina and Ormosia krugii) compared to soils under a tree species without N-fixing symbionts (Casearia arborea), but other soil variables ( Al, Fe, K) did vary by tree species. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Acer pseudoplatanus pot experiment measuring data of saplings in LandKlif project
<p><span>In LandKlif project we cultivated 168 saplings of Acer pseudoplatanus of four Bavarian provenances under varying shading (two treatments: sun-exposed and shaded) and watering (three treatments: regular watering / drought period in summer / drought periods in spring and summer). The experiment took place in a half-open greenhouse between March and August 2021. For each sapling, we measured the increase in height and stem diameter, as well as specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) of three leaves.</span></p> <p><span>LandKlif is funded by the Bavarian State Ministry of Science and the Arts within the Bavarian Climate Research Network (bayklif). Within the five year funding period of bayklif, five interdisciplinary senior research associations and five junior research groups are be financed with a total sum of 18 million Euro. LandKliF, as one of the five interdisciplinary senior research associations, addresses the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in semi-natural, agricultural and urban landscapes.</span></p>
Transplanted Sapling Long-term Survivability with Experimental Fungicide and Fencing at Multiple Michigan Sites (2009-2023)
Long-term transplant sapling recruitment (2009-2023) in Michigan, seeking to understand the effects of transplanting northern, southern, and locally sourced tree seeds. Regional sapling transplants simulate the effects of climate change as well as different tree species' ability to survive human-assisted northward migration. This dataset includes >25 species of trees and woody plants with approximately 500 surviving saplings out of ~24,000 transplanted throughout 2009-2017. Saplings are also experimentally treated with fungicide, some fenced to prevent deer browse, and planted under differing levels of canopy cover. Saplings are censused yearly, most recently 2023, recording survival and height.
Sapling Census:FAB 1: Forests and Biodiversity Experiment - High density diversity experiment
A forest biodiversity experiment (FAB) focused on trees of our region investigates the consequences of multiple dimensions of tree diversity for soil, food webs, plant communities and ecosystems. FAB is designed to unravel effects of three forms of biological diversity: species richness (SR), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD). We define FD as the representation of multiple traits of leaves, roots, seeds, and the whole organism that are correlated with species positions along gradients of resource supply, growth, and decomposition. PD is the representation of evolutionary lineages measured as the genetic distances between species. While PD and FD are often correlated, convergent evolution and adaptive differentiation can decouple them. When functional traits that drive specific ecosystem functions are not phylogenetically conserved, PD and FD may give contrasting predictions. SR, PD, and FD are not independent, and we posit that PD may help explain SR effects, and FD may help explain both PD and SR effects. Thus FAB is designed to examine the separate and combined effects of all three components of diversity for multiple ecosystem functions and to distinguish between ???sampling??? and ???complementarity??? effects of biodiversity. Due to the long lag between planting tree seedlings and determining effects of tree composition and diversity on ecosystem functioning, fewer experiments have been established to elucidate the role of biodiversity in the functioning of forest ecosystems than grassland experiments. FAB will contribute to this gap and is a member of the IDENT and TreeDiv network of forest biodiversity experiments (www.treedivnet.ugent.be). Hypotheses: 1. PD, FD, and SR will all contribute to increased productivity, stability, and diversity of other trophic levels (herbivores, predators, parasitoids, soil microbes, soil flora and fauna) as well as to greater soil C sequestration. 2. Because PD incorporates both the number of species a
Sapling Census:FAB 2 -DIV: Forests and Biodiversity Experiment - Low density diversity experiment
The long-term forest biodiversity experiment (FAB2), is designed to expand the capacity and scope of FAB1, established in 2012. Like its predecessor, FAB2 focuses on trees of our region, tested for survival and growth at Cedar Creek. The experiment provides the ability to examine the same diversity of plant, soil, decomposer, food web, and ecosystem responses that have been studied in the grassland biodiversity experiments but also allows us to pose novel questions regarding the effects of functional and phylogenetic diversity on ecosystem processes and the long-term consequences of species-specific effects on ecosystem properties.
Data from a drought experiment on saplings of beech (Fagus sylvatica).
<p>Data from a drought experiment on Fagus sylvatica. We investigated the response of potted saplings of ten provenances of <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L., a major European tree species, to a spring and a summer water-withholding period during one growing season, each followed by rewatering, in a full-factorial design. </p> <p>height measurements are in cm</p> <p>diameter measurements are in mm</p> <p>weights are in kg</p>
Sapling regeneration within canopy gaps in a temperate montane riparian forest.
<p>This is a dataset of sapling regeneration within canopy gaps in a temperate montane riparian forest.</p> <p>The followings are details of each file.</p> <p><strong>GapSeedlings_v1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot</code> Integer. The ID of plots, some plots include more than one gap.</li> <li><code>Gap</code> Factor. The ID of gaps.</li> <li><code>Quadrat</code> Integer. The ID of quadrats within a gap.</li> <li><code>stemID</code> Character. The ID of stems.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family name of the species.</li> <li><code>Substrate</code> Factor. Established substrates. NA means that it was not recorded.</li> <li><code>Heightyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical heights of trees (cm) in yyyy. The individuals with <code>CensusIn2020</code> = 0, their <code>Height2020</code> is NA because they had not been censused in 2020.</li> <li><code>Lengthyyyy</code> Numeric. Length of trees (cm) in yyyy. The individuals with <code>CensusIn2020</code> = 0, their <code>Length2020</code> is NA because they had not been censused in 2020.</li> <li><code>DBH1_yyyy</code>, <code>DBH2_yyyy</code> Numeric. Diameter at breast height (mm) in yyyy. DBH1 and DBH2 were measured to cross at right angles. The individuals with <code>CensusIn2020</code> = 0, their <code>DBH2020_1</code> and <code>DBH2020_2</code> are NA because they had not been censused in 2020.</li> <li><code>Cmtyyyy</code> Character. Comments in yyyy.</li> <li><code>CensusIn2020</code> Factor. 1 means that the plot was censused in 2020, 0 does not.<br> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Map_Gaps.pdf</strong><br> <code>p. 1</code>: The overall picture of the positional relations between each gap.<br> <code>pp. 2-19</code>: The details of gaps.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Metadata_GapSeedlings.txt</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>GapSeedlings_v0.1.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p>
Seedling recruitment and sapling bank dynamics on fluvial deposits in a temperate montane riparian forest.
<p>This is a dataset of Seedling recruitment and sapling bank dynamics on fluvial deposits in a temperate montane riparian forest.</p> <p>The followings are details of each file.</p> <p><strong>Saplings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot_x</code> Factor. X coordinates of plots.</li> <li><code>Plot_y</code> Factor. Y coordinates of plots.</li> <li><code>x</code> Integer. X coordinates in plots.</li> <li><code>y</code> Integer. Y coordinates in plots.</li> <li><code>Substrate</code> Factor. Established substrates. NA means that it was not recorded.</li> <li><code>stemID</code> Character. The ID of individual trees.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family name of the species.</li> <li><code>Heightyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical heights of trees (cm) in yyyy. Height2007ad is the heights after disturbance in 2007.</li> <li><code>Lengthyyyy</code> Numeric. Length of trees (cm) in yyyy. Length2007ad is the length after disturbance in 2007.</li> <li><code>DBH1_yyyy</code>, <code>DBH2_yyyy</code> Numeric. Diameter at breast height (mm) in yyyy. DBH1 and DBH2 were measured to cross at right angles.</li> <li><code>Noteyyyy</code> Character. Comments in yyyy.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot</code> Factor. The plot ID.</li> <li><code>ID</code> Character. The individual ID.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family names of species.</li> <li><code>Hyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical height of trees (cm) in yyyy.</li> <li><code>Ageyyyy</code> Numeric. The years of trees (cm) in yyyy.</li> <li><code>noteyyyy</code> Character. Comment in yyyy.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Map_FluvialDeposits.pdf</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>p. 1</code>: The overall picture of the positional relations between each gap.</li> <li><code>p. 2</code>: The details of seedling quadrats.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Metadata_Saplings_inFluvialDeposits.txt</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>Saplings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p>
Text-fig. 6. a: Reconstruction of the fertile shoot Archaeopteris from the Late Devonian; b: Reconstruction of tree that bore Archaeopteris shoots; c: Juvenile form ("sapling") of Archaeopteris-bearing tree. Redrawn from Cleal and Thomas (2019). in Naming Of Parts: The Use Of Fossil-Taxa In Palaeobotany
Text-fig. 6. a: Reconstruction of the fertile shoot Archaeopteris from the Late Devonian; b: Reconstruction of tree that bore Archaeopteris shoots; c: Juvenile form ("sapling") of Archaeopteris-bearing tree. Redrawn from Cleal and Thomas (2019).
Fig. 3 in Response of two chemotypes of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) saplings to colonization by specialist herbivores
Fig. 3. Total mean (± SE) leaf biomass shed via abscission by Melaleuca quinquenervia saplings subjected to unrestricted or restricted herbivory by Oxyops vitiosa and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae. **: P = 0.01.
Fig. 1 in Response of two chemotypes of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) saplings to colonization by specialist herbivores
Fig. 1. Mean (± SE) dry weight biomass of leaves shed via abscission by saplings of 2 Melaleuca quinquenervia chemotypes subjected to 2 levels of herbivory by Oxyops vitiosa and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae.
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