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11 results for “saprotrophic fungi”
Isotope analyses of amino acids in fungi and fungal feeding Diptera larvae allow differentiating ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi-based food chains
1- Both ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungi are fundamental to carbon and nutrient dynamics in forest ecosystems; however, the relative importance of these different fungal functional groups for higher trophic levels of the soil food web is virtually unknown. 2- To explore differences between fungal functional groups and their importance for higher trophic levels, we analysed isotopic composition of nitrogen and carbon in amino acids (AAs) and bulk tissue of leaf litter, fungi, and fungal-feeding Diptera larvae. 3- By accounting for isotopic variability of utilized substrates, compound-specific isotope analyses of nitrogen in AAs yielded more realistic results for the trophic position of fungi than bulk isotope analyses, with converging trophic positions of saprotrophic and ECM fungi. 4- Saprotrophic and ECM fungi possessed different AA δ<sup>13</sup>C signatures separating fungal functional groups and their consumers in fingerprinting approaches, thereby allowing to trace energy fluxes from these basal resources to higher trophic levels. 5- A pronounced isotopic fractionation even in essential/source AAs of fungal-feeding Diptera larvae necessitates further studies on tissue-/compound-specific isotopic differences in fungi and on potential supplementation by gut microorganisms. 6- The results highlight the potential of compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids to identify and integrate contributions of different fungal functional groups to higher trophic levels in soil food webs.
Stimulated saprotrophic fungi in arable soil extend their activities to the rhizosphere and root microbiomes of crop seedlings
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Fungal, bacterial & plant biomass data: Evaluation of phenolic root exudates as stimulants of saprotrophic fungi in the rhizosphere
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The hidden potential of saprotrophic fungi in arable soil: Patterns of short-term stimulation by organic amendments
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Isotope analyses of amino acids in fungi and fungal feeding Diptera larvae allow differentiating ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi-based food chains
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Data from: Host phenology and potential saprotrophism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the boreal forest
Phenology-induced changes in carbon assimilation by trees may affect carbon stored in fine roots and as a consequence, alter carbon allocated to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Two competing models exist to explain carbon mobilization by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Under the 'saprotrophy model', decreased allocation of carbon may induce saprotrophic behaviour in ectomycorrhizal fungi, resulting in the decomposition of organic matter to mobilize carbon. Alternatively, under the 'nutrient acquisition model', decomposition may instead be driven by the acquisition of nutrients locked within soil organic matter compounds, with carbon mobilization a secondary process. We tested whether phenology-induced shifts in carbon reserves of fine roots of aspen (Populus tremuloides) affect potential activity of four carbon-compound degrading enzymes, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase and laccase, by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ectomycorrhizal roots from mature aspen were collected across eight stands in north-eastern Alberta, Canada, and analysed during tree dormancy, leaf flush, full leaf expansion and leaf abscission. We predicted potential extracellular enzyme activity to be highest when root carbon reserves were lowest, should host phenology induce saprotrophism. Further, we anticipated enzyme activity to be mediated by invertase, a plant-derived enzyme which makes carbon available to fungal symbionts in the plant–fungus interface. Root carbon reserves were positively correlated with invertase, suggesting phenology may affect carbon allocation to ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, of the four enzymes, host phenology had the largest effect on β-glucuronidase, but activity of this enzyme was not correlated with root carbon reserves or invertase. Low-biomass ectomycorrhizas had greater potential laccase activity than high-biomass ectomycorrhizas, highlighting discrete functional traits in fungi for litter decomposition. Our results suggest that the decomposition of organic matter may be driven by foraging by fungi for nutrients locked within organic compounds rather than for mobilizing carbon. Furthermore, the potential ability to degrade lignin was more common in low-biomass ectomycorrhizas when compared to high-biomass ectomycorrhizas.
Data from: Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi respond differently to long-term experimentally increased snow depth in the High Arctic
Changing climate is expected to alter precipitation patterns in the Arctic, with consequences for subsurface temperature and moisture conditions, community structure, and nutrient mobilization through microbial belowground processes. Here, we address the effect of increased snow depth on the variation in species richness and community structure of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungi. Soil samples were collected weekly from mid-July to mid-September in both control and deep snow plots. Richness of ECM fungi was lower, while saprotrophic fungi was higher in increased snow depth plots relative to controls. [Correction added on 23 September 2016 after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the richness of ECM and saprotrophic fungi were wrongly interchanged and have been fixed in this current version.] ECM fungal richness was related to soil NO3-N, NH4-N, and K; and saprotrophic fungi to NO3-N and pH. Small but significant changes in the composition of saprotrophic fungi could be attributed to snow treatment and sampling time, but not so for the ECM fungi. Delayed snow melt did not influence the temporal variation in fungal communities between the treatments. Results suggest that some fungal species are favored, while others are disfavored resulting in their local extinction due to long-term changes in snow amount. Shifts in species composition of fungal functional groups are likely to affect nutrient cycling, ecosystem respiration, and stored permafrost carbon.
Data from: Host phenology and potential saprotrophism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the boreal forest
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Data from: Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi respond differently to long-term experimentally increased snow depth in the High Arctic
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Ectomycorrhizal fungi decompose humus-rich litter material using oxidative mechanisms adapted from saprotrophic ancestors
GEO Series GSE64897. Hebeloma cylindrosporum; Piloderma croceum; Leucogyrophana pinastri; Paxillus involutus; Suillus luteus; Serpula lacrymans; Jaapia argillacea; Laccaria bicolor; Coniophora puteana. 54 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
An integrative taxonomic study on Parasola (Psathyrellaceae, Fungi) reveals a new saprotrophic species from European temperate deciduous forests
<p>Seventeen collections of the genus <em>Parasola</em> from Croatia were studied by integrative taxonomic methods. <em>Parasola papillatospora</em> is described as a new species, based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses. Its basidiomata were growing on soil in temperate deciduous forests (<em>Quercus petraea</em>, <em>Fagus sylvatica</em>, and <em>Carpinus betulus</em>) on two different localities in NW Croatia<em>.</em> Based on publicly available molecular data, the species is recorded also in Hungary. The most distinctive morphological features of the new species are the characteristics of its basidiospores, (1) papillate apex and (2) central germ pore (both present in most spores), as well as (3) highly variable shape. In this study, a total of 64 DNA sequences from 17 specimens belonging to 10 <em>Parasola</em> species were newly generated. As a result of Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated ITS, LSU, <em>tef-1α</em>, and <em>β-tub</em> gene alignment of <em>Parasola </em>species, <em>P. papillatospora </em>was resolved as an independent clade, sister to the clade comprising<em> P. plicatilis</em> species complex. Eight <em>Parasola</em> species (<em>P. auricoma</em>,<em> P. crataegi, P. cuniculorum, P. kuehneri, P. malakandensis, P. megasperma</em>, <em>P. nudiceps, P. plicatilis-similis</em>) are reported for the first time for Croatia and <em>P. malakandensis</em> also for Europe. A morphological description of <em>P. papillatospora</em> is accompanied by colour photographs of basidiomata, basidiospores, and cystidia. For <em>Parasola</em> species new to Croatia (all except <em>P. kuehneri</em>), colour photographs of basidiomata are provided.</p>
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