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50 results for “satiation”
Data from: Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy-fruited tree
<p><span>The animal dispersal hypothesis predicts that mast seeding can increase dispersal rate of seeds by dispersers and enhance reproductive success of plants. However, in contrast to pollination efficiency and predator satiation hypothesis, the animal dispersal hypothesis has received mixed support. </span></p> <p><span>Using 12-year data on fruit production and seedling recruitment of a fleshy-fruited tree rowan (<em>Sorbus aucuparia</em>, Rosaceae), we tested if an increase in the fruit production at the population level results in higher proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. Recruitment was recorded near (under rowans) and far (under heterospecifics) from conspecifics. Higher recruitment rates under rowans would support predator satiation hypothesis. Higher recruitment rates under heterospecific trees, where fruits can only arrive with animal assistance, would support animal dispersal hypothesis.</span></p> <p><span>High population-level fruit production increased the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings both near and far from rowans. In contrast, high individual-level fruit production did not have a positive effect on the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. Population-level synchronization of fruit production is required to generate a more effective plant regeneration. Our findings show that masting enhances seedling recruitment through predator satiation and increased seed dispersal by frugivores. The results provide support for both animal dispersal and predator satiation hypotheses indicating that both mechanisms can operate simultaneously.</span></p>
Data from: The selective advantage of a mast-flowering behavior in Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum: Implications of the predator satiation hypothesis
<p><strong><span>Premise</span></strong><span>: The synchronous highly variable flower or seed production among years within a population– i.e., masting – has been reported in numerous perennial plants. Although ecological advantages of masting are recognized as the enhancement of pollination efficiency and/or escape from predator attack, little is known about the degree of these advantages and the variation in masting behavior among populations of conspecific plants.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>: </span><span>We observed flowering ramet density and reproductive success (fruit-set success and herbivorous damage) of a perennial herb, <em>Veratrum</em> <em>album</em> subsp. <em>oxysepalum</em>, across six lowland and six alpine populations in northern Japan during 2–3 years. We then analyzed the relationship between floral density and reproductive success to clarify the ecological significance of mast flowering. Furthermore, flowering intervals of individual plants were estimated by counting annual scars on rhizomes.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: </span><span>Mast flowering was observed in most populations, but flowering intervals of individual plants were shorter in the alpine populations compared with the lowland populations. Floral damage by stem borers (dipteran larvae) and seed predation by lepidopteran larvae were intense in the lowland populations. The seed production of individual ramets increased with higher floral density owing to the effective avoidance of floral-stem damage and seed predation. Although stem borers were absent in alpine habitat, seed predation decreased with higher floral density also in the alpine populations. Pollination success was independent of floral density in both the alpine and lowland populations. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong><span>: </span><span>These results strongly support the predator satiation hypothesis for the mast flowering behavior in this species.</span></p>
GLP-1 Increases pre-ingestive satiation via hypothalamic circuits in mice and humans
<p>GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective anti-obesity drugs. However, the precise central mechanisms of GLP-1RAs remain elusive. We administered GLP-1RAs to obese patients and observed heightened sense of pre-ingestive satiation. Analysis of human and mouse brain samples pinpointed GLP-1R neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) as candidates for encoding pre-ingestive satiation. Optogenetic manipulation of DMH<sup>GLP-1R</sup> neurons caused satiation. Calcium imaging demonstrated that these neurons are actively involved in encoding pre-ingestive satiation. GLP-1RA administration increased the activity of DMH<sup>GLP-1R</sup> neurons selectively during eating behavior. We further identified an intricate interplay between DMH<sup>GLP-1R</sup> neurons and arcuate NPY/AgRP neurons (ARC<sup>NPY/AgRP</sup>), to regulate food intake. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic mechanism through which GLP-1RAs control pre-ingestive satiation, offering novel neural targets for obesity and metabolic diseases.</p>
Effects of Tradipitant on Satiation, Gastric Volume, Gastric Accommodation, and Gastric Emptying in Healthy Volunteers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04849559. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: The selective advantage of a mast-flowering behavior in Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum: Implications of the predator satiation hypothesis
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Data from: The interplay of satiation and temptation affects cleaner fish foraging behavior and service quality
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GLP-1 Increases pre-ingestive satiation via hypothalamic circuits in mice and humans
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Data from: Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy-fruited tree
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Data from: Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking
Antarctic krill form some of the highest concentrations of animal biomass observed in the world's ocean potentially due to their prolific ability to swarm. Determining the movement of Antarctic krill within swarms is important to identify drivers of their behaviour and their biogeochemical impact on their environment. We examined vertical velocity within approximately 2000 krill swarms through the combined use of a shipborne echosounder and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). We revealed a pronounced downward anomaly in vertical velocity within swarms of -0.6 cm.s-1 compared with vertical motion outside the swarm. The anomaly changed over the diel cycle, with smaller downward anomalies occurring at night. Swarms in regions of high phytoplankton concentrations (a proxy for food availability) also exhibited significantly smaller downward anomalies. We propose that the anomaly is the result of downward velocities generated by the action of krill beating their swimming appendages. During the night and in high phytoplankton availability, when krill are more likely to feed to the point of satiation, swimming activity is lowered and the anomaly is reduced. Our findings are consistent with laboratory work where krill ceased swimming and adopted a parachute posture when sated. Satiation sinking behaviour can substantially increase the efficiency of carbon transport to depth through depositing faecal pellets at the bottom of swarms, avoiding the reingestion and breakup of pellets by other swarm members.
The Effect of Different Types of Dietary Fiber on Satiation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00904124. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Acotiamide on Gastric Motility and Satiation in Healthy Volunteers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03402984. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
An fMRI Study of Satiation in Healthy Volunteers.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02298049. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Comparison of Beverages Consumed Within a Meal to Satiation on Meal-time Food Intake and Post-meal Appetite and Glycemic Response in Healthy Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01595919. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Gastric and Intestinal Satiation in Obese and Normal Weight Healthy People
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01456572. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Impact of Snacks Which Vary Nutritionally in Their Satiating Potential on Measures of Appetite Control
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02480582. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 0. Publications: 3.
Secretin Activates Human Brown Fat and Induces Satiation.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03290846. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Effect of Relamorelin on Satiation, Gastric Volume, Gastric Accommodation and Distal Gastric Function in Healthy Volunteers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02466711. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Assessing a Polydextrose Containing Soup on Food Intake, Appetite and Biomarkers of Satiation and Satiety
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02258750. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Impact of a Satiating Diet in Obese Men With a Low Satiety Phenotype
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03128697. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Investigating the Glycaemic and Satiating Capacity of PulseOn® Enriched Foods
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06508424. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
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