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Figure. General head scalation pattern for Elaphe sauromates (cs – anterior chin shields; cs' – posterior chin shields; f – frontal; g – gulars; in – internasal; l – loreal; la – upper labials; la' – lower labials; m – mental; p – parietals; pf – prefrontal; prn – prenasal; ptn – postnasal; pto – postocular; pro – preocular; r – rostral; so – supraocular; sbo – subocular; t – temporals; v – ventral shields). in Morphological characteristics of the elusive blotched snake (Elaphe sauromates) at its northwestern range limit (Romania)
Figure. General head scalation pattern for Elaphe sauromates (cs – anterior chin shields; cs' – posterior chin shields; f – frontal; g – gulars; in – internasal; l – loreal; la – upper labials; la' – lower labials; m – mental; p – parietals; pf – prefrontal; prn – prenasal; ptn – postnasal; pto – postocular; pro – preocular; r – rostral; so – supraocular; sbo – subocular; t – temporals; v – ventral shields).
Fig. 11 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 11. Wallaceophis gujaratensis with two distinct lateral stripes, from Saldi village, Amerli district, Gujarat. Photo credit Bhavesh Trivedi.
Fig. 5. Individual B in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 5. Individual B, both sides eight supralabials, fourth and fifth in contact with eye, and second and third supralabials in contact with loreal scale. (A) Left side. (B) Right side. (C) Live individual with same scalation. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 4. Individual C in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 4. Individual C, both sides nine supralabials, fifth and sixth supralabials in contact with eye, and second, third, and fourth supralabials in contact with loreal scale. (A) Left side. (B) Right side. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 3. Individual A in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 3. Individual A, both sides nine supralabials, fifth and sixth supralabials in contact with eye, and second, third, and fourth supralabials in contact with loreal scale. (A) Left side. (B) Right side. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 1 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 1. Two colors of Coronella brachyura. (A) Black color. (B) Brown color. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 2 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 2. (A) Male individual found in road kill. (B) Close up of its hemipenis. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 9 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 9. Distribution shown in map in all four states of India along with Tropic of Cancer, Narmada and Tapi rivers. Distribution and localities shown separately in Gujarat state, Surat and Tapi districts. Map prepared by Nitin Patel and Smita Ramkumar.
Figure 3. Ovoid gastral scales. A in The evolution of the scalation pattern in temnospondyl amphibians
Figure 3. Ovoid gastral scales. A, Branchierpeton amblystomus. Gastral scales articulating in the ventral midline, redrawn after Werneburg (1991). B, Sclerocephalus haeuseri, MB.Am.1302. Gastral scale. C, Trimerorhachis insignis, MCZ 1080. Posterior part of interclavicle with gastral scales in ventral view.
Figure 1 in The evolution of the scalation pattern in temnospondyl amphibians
Figure 1. Schematic drawing of gastral scales in the anterior region of the belly in a temnospondyl illustrating the terms 'row', 'anteriorly directed chevron', and 'posteriorly directed chevron'.
Figure 6. Dorsal scales. A, B in The evolution of the scalation pattern in temnospondyl amphibians
Figure 6. Dorsal scales. A, B, Archegosaurus decheni, MB.Am.273. A, scales of the flanks in the region of the ilium. B, scales of the tail, showing concentric rings and radial striae. C, Sclerocephalus haeuseri, MB.Am.1314. Scales of the tail. D, schematic reconstruction of the arrangement of dorsal scales in Sclerocephalus haeuseri (left), schematic reconstruction of the arrangement of dorsal scales in the sacral region of Archegosaurus decheni (right). E, Eryops megacephalus, MCZ 1539 (cast). Scales of the tail. F, H, Greererpeton burkemorani. F, CMNH 11233. Dorsal scales in external (above) and internal (below) view. G, CMNH 11219. Dorsal scales showing an imbricating pattern.
Figure 5. Rhombic gastral scales. A, B in The evolution of the scalation pattern in temnospondyl amphibians
Figure 5. Rhombic gastral scales. A, B, Platyoposaurus stuckenbergi, PIN 164/1–9. A, isolated gastral scale, probably from the anterior part of the trunk, in anteroventral (left) and anterodorsal view (right). B, isolated gastral scale, probably from the posterior part of the trunk, in anteroventral (left) and anterodorsal view (right). C, D, Sclerocephalus haeuseri, SMNS 90507. C, gastral scales articulating in the ventral midline, ventral view. D, articulating gastral scales in ventral view.
Figure 2. Archegosaurus decheni. A in The evolution of the scalation pattern in temnospondyl amphibians
Figure 2. Archegosaurus decheni. A, MB.Am.229. Anteriorly directed chevrons with round-oval scales of the flanks, the cloacal region, and the hindlimb. The angle of the chevrons in the ventral midline was enlarged after the death of the animal by a slight displacement of the rows. B, MB.Am.289. Gastral scales articulating in the ventral midline of the trunk, ventral view. C, MB.Am.289. Nodal point of gastral scales in dorsal view between anteriorly and posteriorly directed chevrons.
Figure 4. Spindle-shaped gastral scales. A, B in The evolution of the scalation pattern in temnospondyl amphibians
Figure 4. Spindle-shaped gastral scales. A, B, Archegosaurus decheni, MB.Am.289. A, gastral scales in ventral view. B, gastral scales in dorsal view. C, Dendrerpeton sp., MCZ 8779. Two gastral scales in dorsal view plus isolated dorsal scale. D, Eryops megacephalus, MCZ 1738. Gastral scales in dorsal view. E, Plagiosuchus pustuliferus, SMNS 84794. Gastral scales with small, globular osteoderms in dorsal view.
Figure 7 in The evolution of the scalation pattern in temnospondyl amphibians
Figure 7. Scalation pattern in temnospondyls mapped on an existing cladogram based on the results of Witzmann & Schoch (2006) and Schoch & Milner (2000). Characters: 1, presence of gastral scales arranged in a chevron pattern; 1a, rhombic gastral scales; 1b, spindle-shaped gastral scales; 1c, ovoid gastral scales; 2, dorsal scales overlapping on the trunk; 3, dorsal scales not overlapping on the trunk; 4, complete reduction of scales. *Taxa in which no dorsal scales are known; **taxa in which no gastral scales are known.
Fig. 10 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 10. Graph showing distribution of Coronella brachyura. Prepared by Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 6 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 6. Coronella brachyura preying upon gecko, coiling around it. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 7. Captive individual did not eat frogs when offered. Photo credit Dikansh S in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 7. Captive individual did not eat frogs when offered. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 8 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 8. Eggs of Coronella brachyura in hypoosmotic condition. Photo credit Vedant Lala.
FIGURE 1 in Use of scalation landmarks in geometric morphometrics of squamate reptiles: a comment on homology
FIGURE 1. Diagrams of specimens of the Crotalus viridis complex with 14 (A) and 16 (B) supralabial scales, respectively (supralabial scale rows are shaded in grey). For (A), the red dot marks a fixed landmark at the center of the series, seven scales from the first and seven scales from the last supralabial scale. Placing a corresponding fixed landmark on specimen B requires that one choose between seven scales from the first supralabial, seven scales from the last supralabial, or the suture at the center of the series, providing three mutually exclusive options (red dots). Selecting any of these options changes the topological position of the landmark relative to the first, the last, or both of these scales in the series. Fixed landmarks applied to scale rows variable in count renders secondary homology intractable, regardless of whether scales are counted from a consistent anchor point.
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OpenNeuro
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