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99 results for “scale selection”
→ Fig. 2. Representative skeletal elements of ornithosuchid archosaur Dynamosuchus collisensis gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0248) from Janner outcrop, Carnian, Late Triassic. A. Selected skull bones in left lateral view. B. Reconstruction of the skull. C. Skull in ventral view. D. Left quadrate and quadratojugal in posterodorsal view. E. Parabasisphenoid in left lateral view. F. Neural arch of an anterior cervical vertebra in anterior view. G. Centrum of a cervical vertebra in left lateral view. H. Right osteoderm in dorsal view. I. Neural arch of an anterior dorsal vertebra in left lateral view. J. Left ilium in lateral view. L. Right humerus in anterior view. M. Right forearm in medial view. N. Left manus in dorsal view. O. Right (reversed) pubis in lateral view. P. Left femur in anterior view. Q. Left fibula in lateral view. Some unpreserved portions are modified from Baczko et al. in press, for the reconstruction of the skeleton of CAPPA/UFSM 0248 (preserved elements indicated in orange) (K). Scale bars 20 mm. in The first ornithosuchid from Brazil and its macroevolutionary and phylogenetic implications for Late Triassic faunas in Gondwana
→ Fig. 2. Representative skeletal elements of ornithosuchid archosaur Dynamosuchus collisensis gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0248) from Janner outcrop, Carnian, Late Triassic. A. Selected skull bones in left lateral view. B. Reconstruction of the skull. C. Skull in ventral view. D. Left quadrate and quadratojugal in posterodorsal view. E. Parabasisphenoid in left lateral view. F. Neural arch of an anterior cervical vertebra in anterior view. G. Centrum of a cervical vertebra in left lateral view. H. Right osteoderm in dorsal view. I. Neural arch of an anterior dorsal vertebra in left lateral view. J. Left ilium in lateral view. L. Right humerus in anterior view. M. Right forearm in medial view. N. Left manus in dorsal view. O. Right (reversed) pubis in lateral view. P. Left femur in anterior view. Q. Left fibula in lateral view. Some unpreserved portions are modified from Baczko et al. in press, for the reconstruction of the skeleton of CAPPA/UFSM 0248 (preserved elements indicated in orange) (K). Scale bars 20 mm.
Text-fig. 3. 1, 2. Ensete goldianum (LESQUEREUX) comb. nov, Holotype, USNM 494, Golden Colorado. 1. Numerous seeds on a slab. 2. Detail of seed molds and casts. 3-5 "Sagittaria" megasperma R. W. BROWN. 3. Infructescence head. USNM 167488, lectotype selected by Watt 1971. 4. Isolated fruit showing veins of wing, and longitudinally striate central body and single style, USNM 313282, 5. Additional isolated fruit, USNM 313283. Images 4, 5 light-dark inverted. Scale = 1 cm. in Revisions To Roland Brown'S North American Paleocene Flora
Text-fig. 3. 1, 2. Ensete goldianum (LESQUEREUX) comb. nov, Holotype, USNM 494, Golden Colorado. 1. Numerous seeds on a slab. 2. Detail of seed molds and casts. 3-5 "Sagittaria" megasperma R. W. BROWN. 3. Infructescence head. USNM 167488, lectotype selected by Watt 1971. 4. Isolated fruit showing veins of wing, and longitudinally striate central body and single style, USNM 313282, 5. Additional isolated fruit, USNM 313283. Images 4, 5 light-dark inverted. Scale = 1 cm.
Accounting for behaviour in fine-scale habitat selection: a case study highlighting methodological intricacies
<p>Data for the article “Accounting for behaviour in fine-scale habitat selection: a case study highlighting methodological intricacies”</p> <p>By LT Beumer, NMS Schmidt, J Pohle, J Signer, M Chimienti, JP Desforges, LH Hansen, SH Pedersen, DA Rudd, M Stelvig, FM van Beest</p> <p>The data set includes five files: A readme file describing the data files, and four data files accompanying the above publication.</p> <p>For further queries please contact Larissa T. Beumer: ltbeumer@gmail.com</p> <p> </p>
Selective breeding enhances coral heat tolerance even over small spatial scales
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Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by shrubs (select variables at daily time resolution): Part 4
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Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by grass (select variables at daily time resolution): Part 2
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A Functional Response in Resource Selection Links Multi-Scale Responses of a Large Carnivore to Human Mortality Risk
<p>This repository contains code and data to reproduce results from the manuscript 'A Functional Response in Resource Selection Links Multi-Scale Responses of a Large Carnivore to Human Mortality Risk'. </p>
A dataset of proton kinetic-scale current sheets selected at 1 AU using Wind spacecraft measurements
<p>This is a dataset of proton kinetic-scale current sheets selected at 1 AU using 11 Samples/s magnetic field measurements aboard Wind spacecraft. The current sheets were selected using Partial Variance Increments method. The detailed analysis of this dataset can be found at https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.15256v1</p> <p>The first column gives a CS index number, the second panel gives a date in the year/month/day format, the last two columns give <br> temporal positions of the left and right boundaries of a CS. These moments of times are in seconds from the beginning of the day indicated in the second column. </p>
Large-scale fungal strain sequencing unravels the molecular diversity in mating loci maintained by long-term balancing selection
<p><span>Balancing selection, an evolutionary force that retains genetic diversity, has been detected in multiple genes and organisms, such as the sexual mating loci in fungi. However, to quantify the strength of balancing selection and define the mating-related genes require a large number of strains. In tetrapolar basidiomycete fungi, sexual type is determined by two unlinked loci, <em>MATA </em>and <em>MATB</em>. Genes in both loci define mating type identity, control successful mating and completion of the life cycle. These loci are usually highly diverse. Previous studies have speculated, based on culture crosses, that species of the non-model genus <em>Trichaptum </em>(Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) possess a tetrapolar mating system, with multiple alleles. Here, we sequenced a hundred and eighty strains of three <em>Trichaptum </em>species. We characterized the chromosomal location of <em>MATA </em>and <em>MATB</em>, the molecular structure of <em>MAT </em>regions and their allelic richness. The sequencing effort was sufficient to molecularly characterize multiple <em>MAT </em>alleles segregating before the speciation event of <em>Trichaptum </em>species. Analyses suggested that long-term balancing selection has generated trans-species polymorphisms. Mating sequences were classified in different allelic classes based on an amino acid identity (AAI) threshold supported by phylogenetics. 17,550 mating types were predicted based on the allelic classes. <em>In vitro </em>crosses allowed us to support the degree of allelic divergence needed for successful mating. Even with the high amount of divergence, key amino acids in functional domains are conserved. We conclude that the genetic diversity of mating loci in <em>Trichaptum </em>is due to long-term balancing selection, with limited recombination and duplication activity. The large number of sequenced strains highlighted the importance of sequencing multiple individuals from different species to detect the mating-related genes, the mechanisms generating diversity and the evolutionary forces maintaining them.</span></p>
Studying the scale selection of mixed Rossby-gravity waves: Idealized simulations with the TIGAR model
<p>Mixed Rossby-gravity waves peak in two atmospheric regions in reanalysis: the upper troposphere and the upper stratosphere. The scales of MRG waves are different in these two regions, which can be seen e.g. on real-time MRG wave vertical profiles (https://modes.cen.uni-hamburg.de/products#MRG). In order to understand the MRG wave scale selection in these regions, we run idealized simulations with the TIGAR model (Vasylkevych and Zagar, 2021) with a symmetric initial height perturbation with respect to the equator and zonal wind profiles derived from ERA5 reanalysis (Hersbach et al, 2020). In addition, we also run TIGAR simulations with symmetric initial height perturbation and idealized zonal jets centered at various latitudes.</p>
Data from: Natural selection drives emergent genetic homogeneity in a century-scale experiment with barley
<p>Direct observation is central to our understanding of the process of adaptation, but evolution is rarely documented in a large, multicellular organism for more than a few generations. Here, we observe genetic and phenotypic evolution across a century-scale competition experiment, barley composite cross II (CCII). CCII was founded in 1929 with tens of thousands of unique genotypes and has been adapted to local conditions in Davis, CA, USA for 58 generations. We find that natural selection has massively reduced genetic diversity leading to a single clonal lineage constituting most of the population by generation F50. Selection favored alleles originating from similar climates to that of Davis, and targeted genes regulating reproductive development, including some of the most well-characterized barley diversification loci, Vrs1, HvCEN, and Ppd-H1. We chronicle the dynamic evolution of reproductive timing in the population and uncover how parallel molecular pathways are targeted by stabilizing selection to optimize this trait. Our findings point to selection as the predominant force shaping genomic variation in one of the world's oldest ongoing biological experiments.</p>
Selected data from "Small-scale universality in the spectral structure of transitional pipe flows"
<p>Data from Figure 4 and Figure 6 of "Small-scale universality in the spectral structure of transitional pipe flows", Science Advances (2019). Included are spatial spectra normalized with the Kolmogorov scale and viscosity. The collapse of the normalized spectra is indicative of the small-scale universality predicted by Kolmogorov. The data are taken from turbulent and transitional pipe flows at different Re and different positions from the wall from both experiments and simulations (experiments are at the centerline only).</p>
A multi-system comparison of forecast flooding extent using a scale-selective approach [data]
<p>A multi-system comparison of forecast flooding extent using a scale-selective approach, data.</p> <p>Creator: Helen Hooker[1] Publication Year: 2023</p> <p>Organisation(s): 1. Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, U.K</p> <p>Description: This dataset contains:</p> <p>- SAR-derived observed flood maps used in the study.</p> <p>- CSM validation maps for forecast flood maps from Food Foresight (FF), GloFAS Rapid Flood Mapping (RFM) and FFWC Super Model (FFWC) predicting flooding extent on 25 July 2020 for the Jamuna River, Bangladesh compared against Sentinel-1 SAR-derived flooding extent. File format is e.g. CSM_FF_forecastdate_rundate.tif. CSM maps for Flood Foresight following system improvement are labelled with ..._reas.tif.</p> <p>Helen Hooker. (2023). A multi-system comparison of forecast flooding extent using a scale-selective approach (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7509980</p> <p>Related publications:</p> <p>A multi-system comparison of forecast flooding extent using a scale-selective approach; 2023; Hydrology Research (in preparation) Helen Hooker[1], Sarah L. Dance[1,2,3], David C. Mason[4], John Bevington[5], and Kay Shelton[5]</p> <ol> <li>Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, UK.</li> <li>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, UK.</li> <li>NCEO, University of Reading, UK.</li> <li>Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, UK.</li> <li>JBA Consulting, UK.</li> </ol> <p>Correspondence: Helen Hooker (<a href="mailto:h.hooker@pgr.reading.ac.uk">h.hooker@pgr.reading.ac.uk</a>)</p>
Individual-plant selectivity by sheep in drylands scales-up at plant population level and controls the forage supply and its accessibility
<p>Diet selectivity by domestic herbivores controls plant community structure and dynamics and may induce rangeland degradation, particularly in drylands. However, management decisions frequently ignore herbivore selectivity. Here, we studied how grass morphology controls sheep selectivity for individual plants, and how this selectivity interacts with grazing intensity to determine population plant-size distributions and the forage supply. In Patagonian steppes, we manipulated the plant morphology (size and standing-dead proportion) of three dominant grass species differentially preferred by sheep for four years. Then, we evaluated how these morphological alterations affected intra- and inter-specific preference patterns. We also evaluated how grazing intensity (ungrazed, moderate grazing, and intensive grazing) affected the plant-size distribution of the three species, the forage supply, and its accessibility. For the highly preferred species, herbivores selected plants that were either naturally or experimentally short, with low proportion of standing-dead biomass. In contrast, morphological changes did not alter the within-species selectivity of the least preferred species. Grazing intensity strongly changed the population plant-size distribution of preferred species in ways that resembled the experimental manipulations of morphology. Moderate grazing showed the greatest morphological heterogeneity among individuals. When integrating the green biomass of forage species' individuals at ecosystem level, we found that the forage supply was the highest in ungrazed sites and decreased as grazing intensity increased. However, considering the dissuading effect of the standing-dead proportion of plants, the accessible forage was the highest under moderate grazing.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Our findings (i) showed that, within preferred species, sheep selectivity at individual-plant level is controlled by morphological characteristics that determine accessibility to green high-quality biomass. This effect was as important as that of species identity; (ii) empirically proved plant-animal positive feedback at individual level; and (iii) revealed how the individual-plant selectivity scales-up at population level and controls the forage supply, but also its accessibility. Our complementary approach generates critical knowledge for developing management practices to control key forage species defoliation and to adjust the grazing pressure to the offer of accessible forage, avoiding the common carrying capacity overestimation. These aspects are essential for sustainable production in grazed drylands.</p>
Data for: Fear before food: Scale-dependence in elk habitat selection
<ol> <li>Habitat selection is a critical aspect of a species' ecology requiring complex decision-making that is both hierarchical and scale-dependent, since factors that influence selection may be nested or unequal across scales.</li> <li>Elk (<em>Cervus</em> <em>canadensis</em>) ranged widely across diverse habitats in North America prior to European settlement and subsequent eastern extirpation. Most habitat studies have occurred within their contemporary western range, even after eastern elk reintroductions began. As habitat selection can vary by geographic location, available cover, season, and diel period, it is important to understand how a non-migratory, reintroduced population in northern Wisconsin, USA is limited by the lack of variation in topography, elevation, and vegetation.</li> <li>We tested scale-dependent habitat selection on 79 adult elk from 2017–2020. We used resource selection functions across both temporal and spatial scales to understand differences in selection of topographic and environmental features.</li> <li>We found that selection varied both spatially and temporally and elk selected areas with the greatest potential to influence fitness at larger scales (i.e., landscape scale), meaning elk selected areas closer to escape cover and further from "risky" features (e.g., wolf territory centers, county roads and highways). We found stronger avoidance to wolf territory centers during spring, suggesting elk were selecting safer habitats during calving season. We found elk selected habitats with less canopy cover across both spatial scales and all seasons, suggesting that elk selected these areas for better access to forage as forest stands in early seral stages have greater nutritional value and forage biomass than closed-canopy forests and direct solar radiation to provide warmth in the cooler seasons.</li> <li>This study highlights how processes at different spatial and temporal scales influence species' decision-making. It provides insight into the complexity of making informed decisions in which an individual is responding to their immediate environment while simultaneously making decisions in the context of the larger landscape. Scale-dependent behavior is crucial to understand within specific geographic regions as these decisions scale up to influence population dynamics. </li> </ol>
Individual-plant selectivity by sheep in drylands scales-up at plant population level and controls the forage supply and its accessibility
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Selection over small and large spatial scales in the face of high gene flow
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Large-scale fungal strain sequencing unravels the molecular diversity in mating loci maintained by long-term balancing selection
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Scale-Dependence in Elk Habitat Selection for a Reintroduced Population in Wisconsin, USA.
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The dilemma of objective function selection for sensitivity and uncertainty analyses of semi-distributed hydrologic models across spatial and temporal scales
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.