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49 results for “seasonal survival”
Fig. 2 in Survival and development of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in weeds during the off-season
Fig. 2. Insect survival (mean ± SE) (a), biomass (mean ± SE) (b), and injury level (mean ± SE) (c) of Spodoptera frugiperda fed with 6 weeds and maize in the greenhouse for 21 d. Means capped with the same letter do not differ significantly.
Fig. 1 in Survival and development of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in weeds during the off-season
Fig. 1. Mean (± EP) of larval survival and pre-imaginal survival (%) (a), larval development time and pre-imaginal development time (b), and biomass of larvae and pupae of surviving individuals of Spodopterafrugiperda fed with 6 weeds and maize in laboratory conditions (c). Uppercase letters are used to compare larval stage, while lowercase letters are used to compare pupal stage. Means capped with the same letter do not differ significantly. Means followed by an asterisk (*) were zero (0), and were not used in the analysis.
Breeding season forest fragment size does not create negative carry-over for adult Wood Thrushes on fall migration timing or apparent annual survival
<p>Although carry-over effects related to wintering habitat quality are known to influence population dynamics of migratory songbirds, the presence of breeding season carry-over is under-studied in full annual cycle models. To test whether forest fragment size on the breeding grounds can impose negative carry-over effects on a migratory songbird, we fitted adult Wood Thrushes with one-year coded radio-tags in forest fragments ranging from 11–499 ha in southwestern Ontario during the 2016–2019 breeding seasons and utilized automated telemetry via the Motus Wildlife Tracking System to record fall migration timing and returns the following spring (apparent annual survival). To examine short-term effects of fragment size on breeding females, during the 2018 and 2019 breeding seasons, we collected blood samples during incubation to measure corticosterone levels and tracked complete reproductive success and nest timing. We found that Wood Thrushes breeding in small forest fragments were not subject to strong negative effects on body condition (mass, corticosterone), reproductive success, or timing of the last nest of the season. Next, we found that the onset of fall migration departure was not delayed for birds nesting in small fragments and that apparent annual survival was not linked to breeding fragment size. This suggests that habitat differences linked to fragment size were not strong enough to trigger the kinds of negative carry-over effects (delayed migration, lower reproductive success) that have been documented in other species as a result of poor wintering ground habitat quality. The strength of breeding fragment size-induced seasonal carry-over remains a critical gap in full annual cycle models for other declining migratory songbirds. Our findings suggest that while the importance of preserving large forested areas is often prioritized in conservation projects, small forest fragments can also have high conservation value.</p>
Northern bobwhite adult breeding season and nest survival Missouri 2014-2018
<p>These data and code are associated with the publication in The Journal of Wildlife Management entitled "Northern Bobwhite breeding season and nest survival are greater on native grasslands." We evaluated the influence of vegetation cover type, woody vegetation structure and composition, and habitat management on nest survival and adult survival from May through September in southwest Missouri 2014-2018.</p>
Northern bobwhite adult breeding season and nest survival Missouri 2014-2018
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Breeding season forest fragment size does not create negative carry-over for adult Wood Thrushes on fall migration timing or apparent annual survival
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Survival and growth of south Florida slash pines in four seasonal ponds at Archbold Biological Station, 1992-2001
These data summarize survival and plant size (height, basal diameter) for south Florida slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. densa) in four seasonal ponds at Archbold Biological Station from 1992-2001. Plants were seedlings, saplings, or small trees. The seasonal ponds were favorable for growth (0.1-0.6 m in height per year) and annual survival (usually over 80%) in the absence of fire or major flooding events. Flooding episodes during most of the study ranged from 3-11 months each year. Mortality increased with flooding intensity and decreased with plant size. Growth rates were not affected by flooding. Near the end of the study, two fires killed 72% of these pines (low intensity, prescribed) and 100% of these pines (intense wildfire). The study suggests that most seasonal ponds do not support large south Florida slash pine individuals despite generally favorable conditions, because of periodic flooding and fire.
Data from: Warm temperatures during cold season can negatively affect adult survival in an alpine bird
<p>Climate seasonality is a predominant constraint on the lifecycles of species in alpine and polar biomes. Assessing the response of these species to climate change thus requires taking into account seasonal constraints on populations. However interactions between seasonality, weather fluctuations, and population parameters remain poorly explored as they require long-term studies with high sampling frequency. This study investigated the influence of environmental covariates on the demography of a corvid species, the alpine chough Pyrrhocorax graculus, in the highly seasonal environment of the Mont Blanc region. In two steps, we estimated: 1) the seasonal survival of categories of individuals based on their age, sex, etc., 2) the effect of environmental covariates on seasonal survival. We hypothesized that the cold season – and more specifically, the end of the cold season (spring) – would be a critical period for individuals, and we expected that weather and individual covariates would influence survival variation during critical periods. We found that while spring was a critical season for adult female survival, it was not for males. This is likely because females are dominated by males at feeding sites during snowy seasons (winter and spring), and additionally must invest energy in egg production. When conditions were not favourable, which seemed to happen when the cold season was warmer than usual, females probably reached their physiological limits. Surprisingly, adult survival was higher at the beginning of the cold season than in summer, which may result from adaptation to harsh weather in alpine and polar vertebrates. This hypothesis could be confirmed by testing it with larger sets of populations. This first seasonal analysis of individual survival over the full life cycle in a sedentary alpine bird shows that including seasonality in demographic investigations is crucial to better understand the potential impacts of climate change on cold ecosystems.</p>
Boldness suppresses hoarding behavior in food hoarding season and reduces over-wintering survival in a social rodent
<p><span>The "pace-of-life" syndrome (POLS) framework can encompass multiple personality axes that drive important functional behaviours (e.g., foraging behaviour) and that co-vary with multiple life history traits. Food hoarding is an adaptive behaviour important for an animal's adaptation to seasonal fluctuations in food availability. However, the empirical evidence for the relationships between animal personality and hoarding behaviour remains unclear, including its fitness consequences in the POLS framework. In this study, the Mongolian gerbil (<em>Meriones</em> <em>unguiculatus</em>), a social rodent, was used as a model system to investigate how boldness or shyness is associated with food hoarding strategies in the food hoarding season and overwinter survival or reproduction at individual and group levels. The results of this study showed that compared to shy gerbils, bold gerbils had a lower effort foraging strategy during the food hoarding season and exhibited lower overwinter survival, but bold–shy personality differences had no effect on overwinter reproduction. These findings suggest that the personality of the animal is a key factor that affects the foraging strategy during the food hoarding season in Mongolian gerbils. Personality may be related to energy states or the reaction to environmental change (e.g., predation risk, food availability) in bold or shy social animals. These results reflect animal life history trade-offs between "current versus future reproduction" and "reproduction versus self-maintenance", thereby helping Mongolian gerbils adapt to seasonal fluctuations in their living environment.</span></p>
Data from: Hierarchical variation in phenotypic flexibility across timescales and associated survival selection shape the dynamics of partial seasonal migration
<p>Population responses to environmental variation ultimately depend on within-individual and among-individual variation in labile phenotypic traits that affect fitness, and resulting episodes of selection. Yet, complex patterns of individual phenotypic variation arising within and between time periods, and associated variation in selection, have not been fully conceptualised or quantified. We highlight how structured patterns of phenotypic variation in dichotomous threshold traits can theoretically arise and experience varying forms of selection, shaping overall phenotypic dynamics. We then fit novel multistate models to ten years of band-resighting data from European shags to quantify phenotypic variation and selection in a key threshold trait underlying spatio-seasonal population dynamics: seasonal migration versus residence. First, we demonstrate substantial among-individual variation alongside substantial between-year individual repeatability in within-year phenotypic variation ('flexibility'), with weak sexual dimorphism. Second, we demonstrate that between-year individual variation in within-year phenotypes ('supraflexibility') is structured and directional, consistent with the threshold trait model. Third, we demonstrate strong survival selection on within-year phenotypes, and hence on flexibility, that varies across years and sexes, including episodes of disruptive selection representing costs of flexibility. By quantitatively combining these results, we show how supraflexibility and survival selection on migratory flexibility jointly shape population-wide phenotypic dynamics of seasonal movement.</p>
Data from: High predation risk decimates survival during the reproduction season
<p>Predators attack conspicuous prey phenotypes that are present in the environment. Male display behaviour of conspicuous nuptial colouration becomes risky in the presence of a predator, and adult males face higher predation risk. High predation risk in one sex will lead to low survival and sex ratio bias in adult cohorts, unless the increased predation risk is compensated by higher escape rate. </p> <p>Here, we tested the hypothesis that sand lizards (<em>Lacerta</em> <em>agilis</em>) have sex-specific predation risk and escape rate. We expected the differences to manifest in changes in sex ratio with age, differences in frequency of tail autotomy, and in sex-specific survival rate.</p> <p>We developed a statistical model to estimate predation risk and escape rate, combining the observed sex ratio and frequency of tail autotomy with likelihood-based survival rate. Using a Bayesian framework, we estimated the model parameters. We projected the date of the tail autotomy events from growth rates derived from capture-recapture data measurements.</p> <p>We found statistically stable sex ratio in age groups, equal frequency of tail regenerates between sexes, and similar survival rate. Predation risk is similar between sexes, and escape rate increases survival by about 5%. We found low survival rate and a low number of tail autotomy events in females during months when sand lizards mate and lay eggs, indicating high predator pressure throughout reproduction. Our data show that gravid females fail to escape predation. </p> <p>The risks of reproduction season in an ectotherm are a convolution of morphological changes (conspicuous colouration in males, body allometry changes in gravid females), behaviour (nuptial displays), and environmental conditions which challenge lizard thermal performance. Performance of endotherm predators in cold spring months endangers gravid females more than displaying males in bright nuptial colouration. </p>
Data from: Dry season survival of juvenile salmonids in an intermittent coastal stream
We estimated dry season survival of imperiled salmonids in an intermittent coastal stream in California across four years (2009-2012). Our study encompassed two dry and two wet winters allowing us to explore patterns of survival across and within dry seasons with different antecedent precipitation. Apparent survival of age-0+ steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was higher following wet winters compared to dry winters. Moreover, antecedent precipitation was positively correlated with cumulative survival of age-0+ steelhead. Within years, apparent survival of steelhead varied among weeks with a tendency to decrease in the late summer indicating that fish exhibited some resistance to seasonal drought. Additionally, we found a slight but significant survival advantage for age-0+ coho salmon (O. kisutch) compared to equal-aged steelhead. Our results emphasize the influence of antecedent precipitation in driving the survival of imperiled salmonids and highlight that these fishes are somewhat resistant to seasonal drought, at least to a point.
Data from: Nonbreeding season survival of northern bobwhite in northeastern Colorado
<p>Northern bobwhites have experienced population declines in Colorado and range-wide. Estimating vital rates can provide clues to factors limiting population growth rate. Although recent estimates of breeding season survival in the northwest corner of the northern bobwhite range are available, there have been no recent studies on nonbreeding season survival. We used radio-telemetry to estimate nonbreeding season (Oct–Mar) survival of northern bobwhites at two study sites in northeastern Colorado during winter 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Based on our sample of 157 bobwhites, we found that survival was highly variable between years and was negatively affected by colder daily minimum temperatures and deeper snow depths. Seasonal (6-month) survival during the first year was 0.219 (SE = 0.040) and during the second year was 0.006 (SE = 0.005). We found no evidence that sex, age, or study site influenced survival, and very weak support for an effect of body mass. During our study, there were two extreme winter weather events, during which we found unusually high numbers of non-predation mortality. Overall, northern bobwhite nonbreeding season survival in the northwest corner of their range appears to be generally similar to other regions, except during extreme winter weather events, which resulted in high mortality. We encourage managers to create or maintain vegetation characteristics that will provide shelter from winter weather while also providing abundant food in close proximity.</p>
Data from: Hierarchical variation in phenotypic flexibility across timescales and associated survival selection shape the dynamics of partial seasonal migration
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Data from: Dry season survival of juvenile salmonids in an intermittent coastal stream
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Data from: Nonbreeding season survival of northern bobwhite in northeastern Colorado
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Boldness suppresses hoarding behavior in food hoarding season and reduces over-wintering survival in a social rodent
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Data from: Diet of a rare herbivore based on DNA metabarcoding of feces: selection, seasonality, and survival
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Data from: Warm temperatures during cold season can negatively affect adult survival in an alpine bird
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Data from: High predation risk decimates survival during the reproduction season
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