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29 results for “seasonal wetlands”
Seasonal and annual vegetation surveys of wetlands along the Salt River in and near the greater metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona
The Salt River Biodiversity Project collects vegetation data in several urban wetlands across the Phoenix area (Arizona) along the historic channel of the Salt River. This study, along with bird and reptile monitoring (Bateman and Childers 2022, Bateman and Warren 2022), began in 2012. These biodiversity monitoring initiatives help understand how community composition, biodiversity, and ecosystem structure are changing as a result of pressures such as urbanization, climate change, and land management decisions. This dataset contains vegetation assessments from 2012 as well as a reassessment ten years later (2022 and 2023). Bateman, H. and D. Childers. 2022. Long-term monitoring of herpetofauna along the Salt and Gila Rivers in and near the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2012 ver 8. Environmental Data Initiative. <https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/3cc81cce91185cdeeded320c4a3528df> Accessed 2024-09-11. Bateman, H. and P. Warren. 2022. Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity along the Salt River in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2013 ver 8. Environmental Data Initiative. <https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/070c0bec46e1336684c534f9a4034334> Accessed 2024-09-11.
Examination of protein-like fluorophores in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in a wetland and coastal environment for the wet and dry seasons of the years 2002 and 2003 (FCE)
Water samples are collected at the end of the dry and the wet season from all LTER sites and stored on ice until return to the lab. They are pre-filtered through pre-combusted GF/F filters and ultrafiltered and concentrated with a Pellicon 2 Mini tangential flow ultrafiltration system.Concentrated samples were then analyzed using fluorescence and SEC-HPLC. This CDOM optical study revealed the presence of two classes of compounds associated with the protein-like peak (peak T; excitation/emission (Ex/Em) maxima at around 280 nm/325 nm), which have very different chemical structures and ecological roles. In addition to proteins, we propose phenolic compounds as possible origins of peak T in coastal and wetland environments. In this study, natural water samples were obtained from subtropical rivers and estuarine environments within the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE) ecosystem. The samples were ultra-filtered and excitation-emission fluorescence matrices (EEMs) were obtained. The EEMs showed the presence of four peaks with Ex/Em maxima at around 280 nm/325 nm (T), less than 260 nm/460 nm (A), 300 nm/412nm (M), and 350 nm/470 nm (C). To better understand the nature of peak T, the components originating this peak were separated using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and detected by fluorescence emission at Ex/Em = 280 nm/325 nm. The elution curves revealed the presence of two elution peaks at a molecular weight of greater than 50K (void volume; T1) and around 7.6K (T2). This result suggested the need of cautious interpretation in the use of peak T as a proxy for the detection of proteinaceous materials in wetland and estuarine environments, since significant amounts of potentially interfering phenolic compounds are leached from senescent biomass in wetland and coastal ecosystems. As such EEM spectra of gallic acid an important component of hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins extracted from red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) showed the presence of a peak maxima
Stomach contents (1977-1981) and stable isotopes (1994) from the Everglades, Florida, USA from the publication "Fishes in a seasonally pulsed wetland show spatiotemporal shifts in diet and trophic niche but not shifts in trophic position"
Stomach contents of fishes (1977-1981) and stable isotopes of fishes, invertebrates, and basal resources (1994) were collected from spikerush marsh, sawgrass ridge, and alligator pond habitats in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. These data were used to quantify diet, trophic niche area, trophic position, basal resource use and how these metrics vary among size classes, seasons, and habitats. Data collection is complete. These data support Flood et al. (2023). Associated R code will be made available through Peter Flood's GitHub: https://github.com/pjflood/historic_everglades_aquatic_food_web. References: Flood, Peter J., William F. Loftus, and Joel C. Trexler. "Fishes in a seasonally pulsed wetland show spatiotemporal shifts in diet and trophic niche but not shifts in trophic position." Food Webs 34 (2023): e00265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00265
Nitrogen cycling in accidental urban wetlands in the Salt River (central Arizona, USA): the effects of season, inundation and plants on denitrification (2013-2014)
This project sought to understand the spatial and temporal patterns and drivers of denitrification in nine accidental wetlands in the Salt River in Phoenix, AZ. Accidental urban wetlands are the result from human activities but are not designed nor managed for any specific purpose; thus, they are useful for examining the effects of both human and non-human drivers of ecosystem processes. For this study, we examined how seasonal monsoon and winter floods affected denitrification in different plant patch types at wetlands with different inundation regimes. Inundation regimes of the study wetlands are driven by storm drains that supply urban baseflow to the wetlands; however, the timing and frequency of discharges differ among storm drains resulting in different durations of inundation. Some storm drains provide enough baseflow that wetlands remain inundated year-round (perennially inundated) while others provide very little baseflow, so inundation is largely in response to rain events (ephemerally inundated). Intermittently inundated wetlands receive enough baseflow to remain inundated for part of the year. At each study wetland, we identified 2-4 dominant plant patch types, including one unvegetated patch. We took 2-4 soil samples from each patch type at each site in each season (pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and winter rainy seasons). We measured denitrification potential, soil organic matter, soil moisture, soil nitrate, soil texture, and water depth. In addition to soil characteristics, we also collected data on plant traits for each patch type. Plant functional traits provide one method to examine mechanistic links between plants and ecosystem processes. Measured plant traits were above- and belowground biomass, above- and belowground C:N ratios, and rooting depth.
Figs 3-6 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil
Figs 3-6. Records with evidences of breeding activities of the Plumbeous Ibis (Theristicus caerulescens) obtained in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: 3, two adults building a nest at Poconé, MT (photo by Eric Gallardo); 4, an incubating adult at Poconé, MT (photo by Ademir Carletti); 5, an adult and a nestling in a nest at Corumbá, MS (photo by Leonardo Merçon/Instituto Últimos Refúgios); 6, an adult feeding a young on the ground at Poconé, MT (photo by Maria Beatriz Felgar de Toledo). Records were gathered in the WikiAves database.
Figs 7-10 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil
Figs 7-10. Records with evidences of breeding activities of the Buff-necKed Ibis (Theristicus caudatus) obtained in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: 7, two adults and a nest being built at Poconé, MT (photo by Ronaldo Duarte); 8, an incubating adult at Poconé, MT (Photo by Antonio Carlos Iglesias); 9, a young being cared in a nest at Miranda, MS (Photo by Suzana Maria Salis); 10, two young with adults in a nest at Aquidauana, MS (Photo by Ana Aquino). Records were gathered in the WikiAves database, except for Fig. 9.
Fig. 1 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil
Fig. 1. Municipalities in which records (photographs) with evidences of breeding activities of two ibis species (Theristicus caerulescens and T. caudatus) were obtained by us and citizens between 2007 and 2019 in the Brazilian Pantanal (gray area). Taquari river divides this Brazilian wetland in two portions: that of Mato Grosso state (where Poconé is located) and that of Mato Grosso do Sul state (where Corumbá, Miranda and Aquidauana are located).
Fig. 2 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil
Fig. 2. Seasonal occurrence of records of breeding activities of two ibis species (Theristicus caerulescens and T. caudatus) in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, based on records (photographs) obtained during our field observations, and bY citizens, between 2007 and 2019. Data bY citizens was gathered in the WikiAves and eBird databases in March 2020. The horizontal bars in light and dark blue colors indicate the length of the dry and rainy seasons in the Pantanal, respectively.
Fig. 3 in Spatial pattern of a fish assemblage in a seasonal tropical wetland: effects of habitat, herbaceous plant biomass, water depth, and distance from species sources
Fig. 3. Partial regressions testing the effects of water depth (left) and distance from colonizing source (right) on fish species richness collected in 22 plots in Site of Long-Term Sampling (SLTS). Only statistically significant relationships are shown.
Fig. 1 in Spatial pattern of a fish assemblage in a seasonal tropical wetland: effects of habitat, herbaceous plant biomass, water depth, and distance from species sources
Fig. 1. Geographical location of the study area and the Site of Long-Term Sampling (in the area). The system is installed in the Pantanal, Brazil.
Grazing and microhabitat interact to affect plant-plant interactions in subtropical seasonal wetlands, 2007-2008
The stress gradient hypothesis predicts that competition will be important in productive environments while facilitation will be common in environments with high stress or consumer pressure. However, abiotic stress and grazing may vary independently and even occur simultaneously. Here we examine the outcome of plant interactions in grazed wetlands where consumer pressure and abiotic stress occur concurrently. We hypothesized that cattle grazing and microhabitat would alter the outcome of plant interactions. Given that wetland edges are drier and less productive than wetland centers we expected that facilitation would be greatest in drier wetland edges due to greater abiotic stress regardless of cattle presence. We conducted an experiment for two growing seasons in ten wetlands, five exposed to cattle grazing and five fenced. Two wetland obligate plants were included (Panicum hemitomon and Alternanthera philoxeroides), and plots were assigned to three treatments 1) all neighbors removed, 2) all neighbors removed except Juncus effusus, a dominant, unpalatable plant, 3) all neighbors intact (control), in both wetland centers and edges. Differences in survival, change in height and number of leaves were assessed. In ungrazed wetlands, plant survival was higher in wetland edges vs. centers, while it did not differ in grazed wetlands. Survival in wetland edges was further increased by the presence of J. effusus. Positive interactions under grazed conditions were clear when plant height was assessed, but negative interactions affected leaf production in both ungrazed and grazed wetlands. Grazing interacts with wetland microhabitat to alter plant survival. Facilitative interactions on plant height were apparent in grazed wetlands. Understanding how plant interactions change under different biotic and abiotic contexts is important for informing ecosystem restoration and management.
Recent increases in annual, seasonal, and extreme methane fluxes driven by changes in climate and vegetation in boreal and temperate wetland ecosystems
<p>Files (input and output) for the publication <em>Recent increases in annual, seasonal, and extreme methane fluxes driven by changes in climate and vegetation in boreal and temperate wetland ecosystems</em></p> <p> </p>
Seasonal precipitation distribution determines ecosystem CO₂ and H₂O exchange by regulating spring soil water-salt dynamics in a brackish wetland
<p>The intensification of the global hydrological cycle is anticipated to increase the variability of precipitation patterns. Brackish wetlands respond to changes in precipitation patterns by regulating the absorption and release of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O to maintain the stability of ecosystem functions. However, there is limited understanding of how the inter-seasonal precipitation distribution affects ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O exchange compared to annual precipitation totals. Here, we conducted four consecutive years of field experiments in a brackish wetland, manipulating the proportion of precipitation across different seasons while maintaining a constant annual precipitation total. We utilized five inter-seasonal precipitation distribution proportions (+73%, +56%, control (CK), -56%, and -73%) to examine the effects of seasonal precipitation distribution (SPD) on ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O exchange. Our findings revealed that the ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O fluxes showed a trend of decreasing with the decrease of spring precipitation distribution. Among them, the annual net ecosystem CO<sub>2 </sub>exchange (NEE), evapotranspiration (ET), carbon use efficiency (CUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) were shown to be more sensitive to decrease in spring precipitation distribution and increase in summer and autumn precipitation distribution. This negative asymmetric response pattern suggests that annual ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O exchange is primarily governed by seasonal precipitation variability, with spring soil water-salt dynamics identified as the key driver. Therefore, this association can be explained by the fact that drought of the early growth stage exacerbates soil salinization and inhibits vegetation colonization and growth, thereby greatly impairing the annual CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O exchange capacity of brackish wetlands. Our results emphasized that the spring's extreme precipitation-induced soil water-salt conditions will greatly influence CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O exchange in brackish wetlands in the future. These findings are crucial for improving predictions of the carbon sequestration and water-holding capacity of brackish wetlands.</p>
Seasonality of temperature dependence of methane fluxes from natural wetlands
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Seasonal precipitation distribution determines ecosystem CO₂ and H₂O exchange by regulating spring soil water-salt dynamics in a brackish wetland
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Data from: Seasonal population and individual niche dynamics in a tetra fish in the Pantanal wetlands
In seasonal tropical regions, rainfall and/or temporary floods during the wet season generally increase the abundance and diversity of food resources to many consumers as compared to the dry season. Therefore, seasonality can affect intraspecific competition and ecological opportunity, which are two important ecological mechanisms underlying population and individual niche variations. Here, we took advantage of the strong seasonality in the Pantanal wetlands to investigate how within- and between-individual diet variations relate to seasonal population niche dynamics of the tetra fish Astyanax lacustris. We quantified dietary niche using gut contents and stable isotopes. Tetras had higher gut fullness and better body condition in the wet season, suggesting that competition is more intense in the dry season. The population niche was broader in the wet season due to an increase in diet divergence between individuals, in spite of potential stronger competition in the dry season. We posit that low ecological opportunity in the dry season limits the diversifying effect of intraspecific competition, constraining population niche expansion. Our results add new insights on how seasonality affects population and individual diets, indicating that intraspecific competition and ecological opportunity interact to determine temporal niche variations in seasonal environments.
Data from: Seasonal dynamics of waterbird assembly mechanisms revealed by phylogenetic and functional diversity in a subtropical wetland
Despite growing interest in phylogenetic and functional methods in ecological assembly, less attention has been paid to seasonal variation patterns of migrant species. Migrants can rapidly mediate influences of species interactions and environmental factors through seasonal movement, suggesting dynamical relative importance of different assembly mechanisms among seasons. Here we describe seasonal dynamics in phylogenetic and functional diversity of waterbirds in Mai Po Wetland, in a subtropical region with significant predictable temporal variation. Phylogenetic and functional structure of α diversity varied seasonally. Specifically, phylogenetic structures clustered in summer, while being over-dispersed in winter. However, phylogenetic structure in spring and autumn was intermediate with a transition to random. Functional structure was clustered in spring but showed over-dispersion in the other three seasons. For β diversity, summer and winter assemblages had two distinct groups, while spring and autumn assemblages were mixed. Thus, waterbird assemblages were primarily shaped by interspecific competition in winter. Random processes tended to shape assemblage in spring. Environmental factors played a more important role in summer . In addition, phylogenetic distance of probability of co-occurrence of species pairs was significantly larger in winter than in summer. These results suggest that the relative importance of assemblage mechanisms can vary seasonally in response to changing environmental conditions, suggesting that studies attempting to infer a single dominant assembly mechanism may ignore important assembly processes. Temporal shifts in assembly mechanisms may play an important role in maintaining diversity of subtropical and temperate wetlands and perhaps other dynamic systems.
Data for "Climate change will reduce inland wetland areas and disrupt their seasonal regimes in North America"
<p>Dataset in matlab format that used to plot figures in the manuscript of Climate change will reduce inland wetland areas and disrupt their seasonal regimes in North America. Using load Figure#.mat in Figure#.m to plot corresponding figure. </p>
Spatiotemporal patterns and implications of changing seasonal flooding extents on wetland landscapes of a transboundary Chobe River Basin in Southern Africa
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Figure 2 in Climatic dependence in the daily and seasonal calling activity of anurans from coastal wetlands of southernmost Brazil
Figure 2. Rose-diagram of the circular analysis and mean vector length (r), indicated by the arrow vector, of the number of anuran species exhibiting calling activity (a; r = 0.36) and frequency of the calling activity records throughout the day (b; r = 0.46). The arrow vector indicates the concentration of species exhibiting calling activities throughout the months (a) and the recording frequency of these species throughout the hours of the day (b).
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