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8 results for “second time derivative”
Decadal time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (2000 - 2021) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds.<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>The resulting relative humidity has been aggregated to decadal averages. Each month is divided into three decades: the first decade of a month covers days 1-10, the second decade covers days 11-20, and the third decade covers days 21-last day of the month.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; dD = number of decade):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_decadal_YYYY_MM_dD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Decadal</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7427010">https://zenodo.org/record/7427010</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 5: 2020 - 2021) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7434396">https://zenodo.org/record/7434396</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 3: 2010 - 2014) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7432432">https://zenodo.org/record/7432432</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 4: 2015 - 2019) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7434447">https://zenodo.org/record/7434447</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 1: 2000 - 2004) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/6147830">https://zenodo.org/record/6147830</a></p>
Daily time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (Set 2: 2005 - 2009) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br> ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br> The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically:<br> 1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land<br> 2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA<br> 3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds<br> 4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 07/2021.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>Data provided is the daily averages of relative humidity. This set provides data for the years 2000 - 2004. For other time periods, please see further linked data sets.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month; DD = day):<br> <code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_daily_YYYYMMDD.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br> Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br> north: 82:00:30N<br> south: 18N<br> west: 32:00:30W<br> east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br> 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br> Daily</p> <p>Pixel values:<br> Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br> GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br> <a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br> Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br> Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br> mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7434376">https://zenodo.org/record/7434376</a></p>
Monthly time series of spatially enhanced relative humidity for Europe at 30 arc seconds resolution (2000 - 2023) derived from ERA5-Land data
<p>Overview:<br>ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.</p> <p>Processing steps:<br>The original hourly ERA5-Land air temperature 2 m above ground and dewpoint temperature 2 m data has been spatially enhanced from 0.1 degree to 30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m) spatial resolution by image fusion with CHELSA data (V1.2) (<a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">https://chelsa-climate.org/</a>). For each day we used the corresponding monthly long-term average of CHELSA. The aim was to use the fine spatial detail of CHELSA and at the same time preserve the general regional pattern and fine temporal detail of ERA5-Land. The steps included aggregation and enhancement, specifically: <br>1. spatially aggregate CHELSA to the resolution of ERA5-Land <br>2. calculate difference of ERA5-Land - aggregated CHELSA <br>3. interpolate differences with a Gaussian filter to 30 arc seconds <br>4. add the interpolated differences to CHELSA</p> <p>Subsequently, the temperature time series have been aggregated on a daily basis. From these, daily relative humidity has been calculated for the time period 01/2000 - 12/2023.</p> <p>Relative humidity (rh2m) has been calculated from air temperature 2 m above ground (Ta) and dewpoint temperature 2 m above ground (Td) using the formula for saturated water pressure from Wright (1997):</p> <p><code>maximum water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Ta / (240.97 + Ta))</code></p> <p><code>actual water pressure = 611.21 * exp(17.502 * Td / (240.97 + Td))</code></p> <p><code>relative humidity = actual water pressure / maximum water pressure</code></p> <p>The resulting relative humidity has been aggregated to monthly averages.</p> <p>Resultant values have been converted to represent percent * 10, thus covering a theoretical range of [0, 1000].</p> <p>File naming scheme (YYYY = year; MM = month):<br><code>ERA5_land_rh2m_avg_monthly_YYYY_MM.tif</code></p> <p>Projection + EPSG code:<br>Latitude-Longitude/WGS84 (EPSG: 4326)</p> <p>Spatial extent:<br>north: 82:00:30N<br>south: 18N<br>west: 32:00:30W<br>east: 70E</p> <p>Spatial resolution:<br>30 arc seconds (approx. 1000 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution:<br>Monthly</p> <p>Pixel values:<br>Percent * 10 (scaled to Integer; example: value 738 = 73.8 %)</p> <p>Software used:<br>GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0/8.3.2</p> <p>Original ERA5-Land dataset license:<br><a href="https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/">https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/licences/copernicus/</a></p> <p>CHELSA climatologies (V1.2):<br>Data used: Karger D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E, Linder, H.P., Kessler, M. (2018): Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Dryad digital repository. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4">http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.5061/dryad.kd1d4</a><br>Original peer-reviewed publication: Karger, D.N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R.W., Zimmermann, N.E., Linder, P., Kessler, M. (2017): Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth land surface areas. Scientific Data. 4 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122">https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122</a></p> <p>Processed by:<br>mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (<a href="https://www.mundialis.de/">https://www.mundialis.de/</a>)</p> <p>Reference: Wright, J.M. (1997): Federal meteorological handbook no. 3 (FCM-H3-1997). Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington, DC</p> <p>Data is also available in EU LAEA (EPSG: 3035) projection: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427021">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427021</a></p>
Composite geostationary weather satellite images (second time derivative of water vapor channel) for visualizing Lamb waves
<p>Second time derivative of water vapor channel (6.2 micrometer) brightness temperature from geostationary weather satellites (Units: K s<sup>-2</sup>)</p> <p>Himawari-8 (original data obtained from NICT Science Cloud)</p> <p>GOES-16/17 (original data obtained from Amazon AWS)</p> <p>Meteosat-8/9/10/11 (original data obtained from EUMETSAT)</p> <p> </p> <p>Time interval of the files: 5 minutes</p> <p> </p> <p>Time interval of each satellite, dt for time derivative:</p> <p>Himaawri-8, GOES-16/17: 10 minutes, 10 minutes</p> <p>Meteosat-8/9/11: 15 minutes, 15 minutes</p> <p>Meteosat-10: 5 minutes, 10 minutes</p> <p> </p> <p>Each file contains the latest images from those satellites at that time. The time stamp for each satellite represents the beginning of each full-disk scan.</p> <p> </p> <p>Bias correction:</p> <p>Himawari-8: bias removal for each swath</p> <p>GOES-16/17, Meteosat-11: bias removal for each east-west line</p> <p>Meteosat-8/9/10: bias removal for each east-west line (note: satellite attitude was not stable)</p> <p> </p> <p>Smoothing:</p> <p>Band-pass filter for each full-disk image separately: 2-40 degrees on lat-lon coordinate</p> <p>Stronger smoothing at latitudes higher than 60 degrees north/south</p> <p> </p> <p>Down-sampling:</p> <p>Full-disk images were mapped to a 0.04-degree lat-lon coordinate.</p> <p>Then, composite images were produced at the 0.2-degree resolution.</p> <p> </p> <p>Version 2:</p> <p>Improved interpolation algorithm</p> <p>Himawari-8: improved geolocation</p> <p>Meteosat-8/9: improved treatment of noise near the edge of full disk images</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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