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339 results for “secondary study”
Long-term studies of secondary succession and community assembly in the prairie-forest ecotone of eastern Kansas, Hay meadow restoration experiment
Local and regional-scale processes interact to govern the assembly, diversity and functioning of ecological communities. Evaluating the interplay of these differently-scaled processes in the regulation of ecological systems is a challenging problem, but is crucial towards understanding and predicting the potential effects of accelerated human activity on biological diversity and ecosystem sustainability. Since 2000, two long-term field experiments have been underway in grasslands of eastern Kansas to investigate the interplay of soil resource availability, species interactions and regional processes governing plant secondary succession, community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Both experiments involve manipulations of soil nutrients in permanent grassland study plots and employ multi-species seed addition treatments to evaluate the contribution of dispersal limitation and regional constraints on local species pools to the regulation of plant community dynamics. Hay meadow restoration experiment, previously funded by USDA, was established in 2000 in a section of the field that was left unplowed at the start of the experiment. Thus Experiment 2 was initiated in the context of secondary succession on recently abandoned cool-season hayfield where hay grass species were dominant at the start of the study. In this experiment we have been monitoring plant community change annually since 2001 in response to two aspects of hay management important in our area: annual fertilization and annual haying. The experimental design involves factorial manipulations of nutrient supply (two levels of NPK fertilization), annual haying (two levels: hayed; not hayed) and propagule input achieved by adding seeds of 41 native prairie species to half of the plots. Experiment 2 parallels Experiment 1 with manipulations of soil resources and species pools, but does so in the contexts of hay management and native prairie hay meadow restoration.
Model output from CAABA/MECCA study "Development of a multiphase chemical mechanism to improve secondary organic aerosol formation in CAABA/MECCA (version 4.7.0)"
<p>This dataset includes the main data obtained during the study "Development of a multiphase chemical mechanism to improve secondary organic aerosol formation in CAABA/MECCA (version 4.7.0)" (DOI:10.5194/gmd-2023-102). The updated model code can be found at zenodo.org (DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7944174). The data can be used to replicate the results shown in the manuscript. Contained are results produced by the updated CAABA/MECCA (version 4.7.0) and reference data from CAABA/MECCA version 4.5.5. In version 4.7.0, new biogenic and anthropogenic species are introduced to the model (limonene and long-chained alkanes) with refined multiphase chemistry, while new reaction pathways are added for existing compounds (isoprene, benzene and IEPOX). The output is generated to evaluate model results in terms of temperature- and NOx-dependency.</p>
Secondary studies in the academic context: A systematic mapping and survey
<p>An online version of the survey executed in the paper "Secondary studies in the academic context: A systematic mapping and survey".</p>
Secondary metabolites from nectar and pollen: a resource for ecological and evolutionary studies
<p>Floral chemistry mediates plant interactions with herbivores, pathogens, and pollinators. The chemistry of floral nectar and pollen—the primary food rewards for pollinators—can affect both plant reproduction and pollinator health. Although the existence and functional significance of nectar and pollen secondary metabolites has long been known, comprehensive quantitative characterizations of secondary chemistry exist for only a few species. Moreover, little is known about intraspecific variation in nectar and pollen chemical profiles. Because the ecological effects of secondary chemicals are dose-dependent, heterogeneity across genotypes and populations could influence floral trait evolution and pollinator foraging ecology. To better understand within- and across-species heterogeneity in nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, we undertook exhaustive LC-MS and LC-UV-based chemical characterizations of nectar and pollen methanol extracts from 31 cultivated and wild plant species. </p> <p>Nectar and pollen were collected from farms and natural areas in Massachusetts, Vermont, and California, USA, in 2013 and 2014. For wild species, we aimed to collect 10 samples from each of 3 sites. For agricultural and horticultural species, we aimed for 10 samples from each of 3 cultivars. Our dataset (1535 samples, 102 identified compounds) identifies and quantifies each compound recorded in methanolic extracts, and includes chemical metadata that describe the molecular mass, retention time, and chemical classification of each compound. A reference phylogeny is included for comparative analyses.</p> <p>We found that each species possessed a distinct chemical profile; moreover, within species, few compounds were found in both nectar and pollen. The most common secondary chemical classes were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and amines, and chlorogenic acids. The most common compounds were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. Pollens contained high concentrations of hydroxycinnamoyl-spermidine conjugates, mainly triscoumaroyl and trisferuloyl spermidine, found in 71% of species. When present, pollen alkaloids and spermidines had median nonzero concentrations of 23,000 µM (median 52% of recorded micromolar composition). Although secondary chemistry was qualitatively consistent within each species and sample type, we found significant quantitative heterogeneity across cultivars and sites. These data provide a standard reference for future ecological and evolutionary research on nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, including its role in pollinator health and plant reproduction.</p>
Dataset with survey answers about enginering studies opinion in each kind of high school Spanish studies (Compulsory Secondary Education, Vocational Education and Upper Secondary Education)
<p>The first line includes each question and the rest of the tuples include one answer per each filled survey. Depending on the type of high school studies, you find one different survey, because the questions are adapted to each particular high school education.</p> <p> </p>
Improving triaging from primary care into secondary care using heterogeneous data-driven hybrid machine learning: A real-world case study of decision support system using blood test & GP referral letters - Bing Wang and Prof Weizi (Vicky) Li (University of Reading)
<p>This video is the sixth talk from our two day Future Blood Testing: Challenges & Opportunities Event that took place on the 13/09/2022.</p> <p>Improving triaging from primary care into secondary care using heterogeneous data-driven hybrid machine learning: A real-world case study of decision support system using blood test & GP referral letters - Bing Wang and Prof Weizi (Vicky) Li (University of Reading)</p> <p>Bio: Dr Weizi (Vicky) Li is the PI of the Future Blood Testing Network, an Associate Professor of Informatics and Digital Health, Deputy Director in Informatics Research Centre, Henley Business School, University of Reading. She is an interdisciplinary researcher focusing on using informatics, data science, machine learning, and digital information systems to solve real-world healthcare challenges. She is the academic lead of a large collaborative project of Improving the Quality of Healthcare through an Integrated Clinical Pathway Management Approach and Cloud based Digital Data Integration Platform, which was awarded ESRC O2RB Excellence in Impact Award in 2018 for her research impact on healthcare quality improvement. She is the academic lead of machine learning based decision support system for outpatient management which has successfully been implemented in Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust and has received Research Engagement and Impact award in 2020. She has been PI on projects funded by ESRC, EPSRC, The Health Foundation, NHS and companies, working on data-driven decision support systems that use real-world data (under privacy preserving framework) from multiple sources including Electronic Patient Record in acute, community hospital and primary care settings, remote health monitoring and patient reported outcomes to develop novel technologies (including AI based methods) to support clinical and operational decision makings in patient pathway. Bing Wang is currently a PhD candidate in informatics and system science at the Informatics Research Center, Henley Business School, University of Reading. Bing’s research interests are Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning and Graph Machine Learning. Bing been working as a data scientist at Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust since December 2019 during his PhD.</p> <p>Further details on this event can be found at: https://futurebloodtesting.org/event/13-14-09-2022/</p> <p>This video is an output from the Future Blood Testing Network which is funded by EPSRC under Grant Number EP/W000652/1</p> <p>YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/W6EH5l80NmU</p>
APPENDIX 12 in Detangling the effects of patch attributes on bryophyte diversity in fragmented subtropical secondary forests - a case study of land-bridge islands
APPENDIX 12. — Relationships of accumulative species number with accumulative sampling efforts for eight largest islands.
FIG. 2 in Detangling the effects of patch attributes on bryophyte diversity in fragmented subtropical secondary forests - a case study of land-bridge islands
FIG. 2. — Relationships of species richness with number of habitat types, area, elevation, shape irregularity, vegetative cover, and ISW for five bryophyte categories in 168 forest fragments of the Thousand Island Lake, China. The regression equations are derived from GLMMs. Note: ISW, the relative proportion of water within a circle of a diameter of 1000 m centered on a given island.
Can we collect health-related quality of life information from anticoagulated atrial fibrillation participants who have recently experienced a bleed? An observational feasibility study in primary, and secondary care and through an online forum
<p>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of recruiting participants diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) taking oral anticoagulation therapies (OACs) and recently experiencing a bleed to collect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) information.</p> <p><strong>Design</strong></p> <p>Observational feasibility study. The study aimed to determine the feasibility of recruiting participants with minor and major bleeds, the most appropriate route for recruitment and the appropriateness of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) selected for collecting HRQoL information in AF patients, and the preferred format of the surveys.</p> <p><strong>Setting</strong></p> <p>Primary care, secondary care, and via an online patient forum.</p> <p><strong>Participants</strong></p> <p>The study population was adult patients (≥ 18) with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) taking oral anticoagulation therapies (OATs) who had experienced a recent major or minor bleed within the last four weeks.</p> <p><strong>Primary and Secondary outcome measures</strong></p> <p>Primary outcome:</p> <p>Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs): EuroQol 5 dimensions-5 levels (EQ-5D-5L); Perception of anticoagulant treatment questionnaire, part 2 only (PACT-Q, part 2); Atrial fibrillation effect on quality of life (AFEQT)</p> <p>Secondary outcomes:</p> <p>Location of bleed; bleed severity; current treatment; patient perceptions of HRQoLin relation to bleeding events.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>We received initial expressions of interest from 103 participants. We subsequently recruited 32 participants to the study- 14 from primary care and 18 through the AF forum. No participants were recruited through secondary care. Despite 32 participants consenting, only 26 initial surveys were completed. We received follow-up surveys from 11 participants (8 primary care and 3 AF forum). COVID-19 had a major impact on the study. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Primary care was the most successful route for recruitment. Most participants recruited to the study experienced a minor bleed. Further ways to recruit in secondary care should be explored, especially to capture more serious bleeds. </p> <p><strong>Registration</strong></p> <p>The study was adopted onto the NIHR Portfolio (I.D. #47771) and registered with www.ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT04921176) in February 2021.</p> <p>Dataset contains all anonymised data for the participants who completed the survey including demographics, details of bleeds, co-morbidities and completed patient reported outcomes</p>
Nonrelapsing Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (NRSPMS) Study of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor Tolebrutinib (SAR442168) (HERCULES)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04411641. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 31. Publications: 1.
Long-term studies of secondary succession and community assembly in the prairie-forest ecotone of eastern Kansas, Old-field succession experiment
Local and regional-scale processes interact to govern the assembly, diversity and functioning of ecological communities. Evaluating the interplay of these differently-scaled processes in the regulation of ecological systems is a challenging problem, but is crucial towards understanding and predicting the potential effects of accelerated human activity on biological diversity and ecosystem sustainability. Since 2000, two long-term field experiments have been underway in grasslands of eastern Kansas to investigate the interplay of soil resource availability, species interactions and regional processes governing plant secondary succession, community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Both experiments involve manipulations of soil nutrients in permanent grassland study plots and employ multi-species seed addition treatments to evaluate the contribution of dispersal limitation and regional constraints on local species pools to the regulation of plant community dynamics. Old-field succession experiment, previously funded by the National Science Foundation, was initiated in 2001 in a section of the abandoned hay field that was sprayed with herbicide, plowed and disked prior to the start of the study to investigate plant community dynamics in the context of old-field succession initiated on bare soil. The experimental design involves factorial experimental gradients of nitrogen (N) supply (four levels of N fertilization), phosphorus (P) supply (two levels of P fertilization) and plant propagule input achieved by adding seeds of 50+ native and naturalized species to half of the study plots. With annual sampling this experiment allows us to examine old-field succession and community assembly unfolding along gradients of N and P fertilization and under conditions of ambient and experimentally-enriched species pools.
Assessing the Nature and Quality of Emergency Obstetric Care for Preventing Maternal and Perinatal Mortality in 8 Secondary and Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria: Results of a Formative Research Study
<p>Nigeria suffers some of the highest rates of maternal and perinatal mortality in the world. Poor quality of obstetric care is a key factor, and although not quantified at a national level, local studies suggest that high rates of maternal and perinatal deaths are due to clinical management errors in hospitals. This project therefore explored the nature of existing practices and quality of clinical management of three leading causes of maternal and perinatal deaths (primary postpartum haemorrhage, eclampsia, and obstructed labour); implement an intervention package aimed at improving the quality of clinical management of these causes of deaths; and test the effectiveness of this package on quality of care indicators and maternal and perinatal outcomes. </p> <p>The study follows a quasi-experimental research design, using interrupted time series analysis for assessment over a three year period. Six public secondary care hospitals and two public tertiary care hospitals in both north and south of Nigeria were selected randomly. Formative research was conducted in all eight hospitals, and thereafter the intervention will be carried out in four hospitals, with the remaining four hospitals functioning as control sites. </p> <p>Clinical outcomes will be compared between intervention and control sites in a total of 2334 cases of PPH, preeclampsia/eclampsia and obstructed labour (based on an anticipated 50% reduction in case fatality rates, significance level of 0.05 and 80% power). This will consist of 1167 cases in the intervention sites and 1167 in the control sites. Maternal and perinatal mortality rates will serve as primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes involve quality of care drawn from United Nations process indicators, skilled attendance index and data derived from this formative audit phase of the project.</p> <p>The results will enable the identification of a system-wide quality of care framework for improving the delivery of emergency obstetric care for the prevention of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.</p>
Assessing the Nature and Quality of Emergency Obstetric Care for Preventing Maternal and Perinatal Mortality in 8 Secondary and Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria: Results of a Formative Research Study
<p>Nigeria suffers some of the highest rates of maternal and perinatal mortality in the world. Poor quality of obstetric care is a key factor, and although not quantified at a national level, local studies suggest that high rates of maternal and perinatal deaths are due to clinical management errors in hospitals. This project therefore explored the nature of existing practices and quality of clinical management of three leading causes of maternal and perinatal deaths (primary postpartum haemorrhage, eclampsia, and obstructed labour); implement an intervention package aimed at improving the quality of clinical management of these causes of deaths; and test the effectiveness of this package on quality of care indicators and maternal and perinatal outcomes. </p> <p>The study follows a quasi-experimental research design, using interrupted time series analysis for assessment over a three year period. Six public secondary care hospitals and two public tertiary care hospitals in both north and south of Nigeria were selected randomly. Formative research was conducted in all eight hospitals, and thereafter the intervention will be carried out in four hospitals, with the remaining four hospitals functioning as control sites.</p> <p>Clinical outcomes will be compared between intervention and control sites in a total of 2334 cases of PPH, preeclampsia/eclampsia and obstructed labour (based on an anticipated 50% reduction in case fatality rates, significance level of 0.05 and 80% power). This will consist of 1167 cases in the intervention sites and 1167 in the control sites. Maternal and perinatal mortality rates will serve as primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes involve quality of care drawn from United Nations process indicators, skilled attendance index and data derived from this formative audit phase of the project.</p> <p>The results will enable the identification of a system-wide quality of care framework for improving the delivery of emergency obstetric care for the prevention of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria</p>
Relationship of primary and secondary studies
<p>In the life sciences of medicine and psychology, studies are divided into primary studies (individual studies) and secondary studies. Secondary research includes - in ascending hierarchy - systematic reviews, meta-analyses and umbrella reviews. Systematic reviews provide a summary of existing studies, including an assessment of the current state of knowledge. In meta-analyses, a mean effect is calculated from the effects of the studies. An umbrella review, in turn, summarises several meta-analyses.</p>
Managing competition between legacy television services and video streaming platforms in Hungary in the early 2020s – A case study [Secondary documentary sources]
<p>Secondary documentary sources used in the paper entitled "Managing competition between legacy television services and video streaming platforms in Hungary in the early 2020s – A case study"</p>
Multidimensional Statistical Technique for Interpreting the Spontaneous Breakthrough Cancer Pain Phenomenon. A Secondary Analysis from the IOPS-MS Study
<p>Simple Summary: Pain is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms in cancer patients. A clinical peculiarity of cancer pain is the breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP), which is defined as a temporary exacerbation of pain that “breaks through” a phase of adequate pain control by an opioid-based therapy. The NP-BTcP occurs in the absence of any specific activity. In this paper, we addressed the topic through a mathematical approach to provide many indications for identifying the diagnostic and therapeutic gaps in NP-BTcP management. Abstract: Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) is a temporary exacerbation of pain that “breaks through” a phase of adequate pain control by an opioid-based therapy. The non-predictable BTcP (NP-BTcP) is a subtype of BTcP that occurs in the absence of any specific activity. Since NP-BTcP has an important clinical impact, this analysis is aimed at characterizing the NP-BTcP phenomenon through a multidimensional statistical technique. This is a secondary analysis based on the Italian Oncologic Pain multiSetting—Multicentric Survey (IOPS-MS). A correlation analysis was performed to characterize the NP-BTcP profile about its intensity, number of episodes per day, and type. The multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) determined the identification of four groups (phenotypes). A univariate analysis was performed to assess differences between the four phenotypes and selected covariates. The four phenotypes represent the hierarchical classification according to the status of NP-BTcP: from the best (phenotype 1) to the worst (phenotype 4). The univariate analysis found a significant association between the onset time >10 min in the phenotype 1 (37.3%)’ vs. the onset > 10 min in phenotype 4 (25.8%) (p < 0.001). Phenotype 1 was characterized by the gastrointestinal type of cancer (26.4%) with respect to phenotype 4, where the most frequent cancer affected the lung (28.8%) (p < 0.001). Phenotype 4 was mainly managed with rapid-onset opioids, while in phenotype 1, many patients were treated with oral, subcutaneous, or intravenous morphine (56.4% and 44.4%, respectively; p = 0.008). The ability to characterize NP-BTcP can offer enormous benefits for the management of this serious aspect of cancer pain. Although requiring validation, this strategy can provide many indications for identifying the diagnostic and therapeutic gaps in NP-BTcP management.</p> <p> </p>
APPENDIX 13 in Detangling the effects of patch attributes on bryophyte diversity in fragmented subtropical secondary forests - a case study of land-bridge islands
APPENDIX 13. — Islands with multi-long branched appearance in the Thousand Island Lake, China.
A Proof-of-Concept Study of Faricimab (RO6867461) in Participants With Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02484690. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal APL-2 Therapy With Sham Injections in Patients With Geographic Atrophy (GA) Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03525613. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 14. Publications: 4.
A Study Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Lampalizumab Intravitreal Injections in Participants With Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02247479. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 19. Publications: 8.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.