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213 results for “seed beetles”
Genetic background and thermal regime influence adaptation to novel environment in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus
<p>Climate change is associated with the increase in both mean and variability of thermal conditions. Therefore, the use of more realistic fluctuating thermal regimes is the most appropriate laboratory method for predicting population responses to thermal heterogeneity. However, the long- and short-term implications of evolving under such conditions are not well understood. Here, we examined differences in key life history traits among populations of seed beetles (<em>Callosobruchus</em> <em>maculatus</em>) that evolved under either constant control conditions or in an environment with fluctuating daily temperatures. Specifically, individuals from two distinct genetic backgrounds were kept for 19 generations at one of two temperatures, a constant temperature (T=29°C) or a fluctuating daily cycle (T<sub>mean</sub>=33°C, T<sub>max</sub>=40°C, and T<sub>min</sub>=26°C), and were assayed either in their evolved environment or in the other environment. We found that beetles that evolved in fluctuating environments but were then switched to constant 29°C conditions had far greater lifetime reproductive success compared to beetles that were kept in their evolved environments. This increase in reproductive success suggests that beetles raised in fluctuating environments may have evolved greater thermal breadth than control condition beetles. In addition, the degree of sexual dimorphism in body size and development varied as a function of genetic background, evolved thermal environment, and current temperature conditions. These results highlight not only the value of incorporating diel fluctuations into climate research but also suggest that populations that experience variability in temperature may be better able to respond to both short- and long-term changes in environmental conditions.</p>
Fig. 1 in On The Biology Of The East Asian Seed Beetle, Megabruchidius Dorsalis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), An Adventive Species For Ukraine
Fig. 1. Gleditsia triacanthos beans infested by the Megabruchidius dorsalis (Photo by I. P. Lezhenina).
Fig. 3 in Morphological traits, allometric relationship and competition of two seed-feeding species of beetles in infested pods
Fig. 3. Negative allometry depicted by the slopes and their confidence intervals for the pronotum and elytron allometry (pronotum length and elytron length in relation to body weight) between infestation categories for both bruchine species. G1, low infestation (0–0.30% of attacked seeds); G2, medium infestation (0.31–0.60% of attacked seeds); G3, high infestation (0.61–0.90% of attacked seeds).
Fig. 1 in Morphological traits, allometric relationship and competition of two seed-feeding species of beetles in infested pods
Fig. 1. Variations in body weight, pronotum and elytron length between Merobruchus terani and Stator maculatopygus and for males and females. The analyses used a linear mixed model with a log-normal distribution and Tukey's pairwise comparison. MF, M. terani females; MM, M. terani males; SF, S.maculatopygus females; SM, S. maculatopygus males.
Figure 3-5. Acanthoscelides sauli and host pod. 3 in Seed beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) associated with Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd., with description of a new species of Acanthoscelides Schilsky
Figure 3-5. Acanthoscelides sauli and host pod. 3) Pod with a clump of Acanthoscelides sauli eggs and exit hole for adult. 4) Magnified egg clump of Acanthoscelides sauli. 5) Inside wall of the pod, showing the entrance hole for the larvae.
Figure 2. Acanthoscelides oblongoguttatus. a in Seed beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) associated with Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd., with description of a new species of Acanthoscelides Schilsky
Figure 2. Acanthoscelides oblongoguttatus. a) Male dorsal view. b) Male lateral view. c) Female head. d) Male genitalia. e) Female genitalia. f) Stylets of female genitalia.
Figure 1. Acanthoscelides sauli. a in Seed beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) associated with Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd., with description of a new species of Acanthoscelides Schilsky
Figure 1. Acanthoscelides sauli. a) Male dorsal view. b) Male lateral view. c) Female head. d) Male genitalia. e) Female genitalia.
Fig. 3 in First record of the Asian seed beetle Megabruchidius dorsalis (Fåhraeus, 1839) (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Bulgaria
Fig. 3. Male genitalia of Megabruchidius dorsalis, Sofia locality. A: median lobe; B: apex of the median lobe; C: lateral lobes. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B, C).
Genetic background and thermal regime influence adaptation to novel environment in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus
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Parasitoids of leaf herbivores enhance plant fitness and do not alter caterpillar-induced resistance against seed beetles
<p>1. Organisms of the third trophic level can indirectly interact with plants. However, whether parasitoids of herbivores have a positive effect on plant fitness has been controversial. In addition to possible effects on plant fitness, parasitoid-mitigated herbivory can modify plant physiological responses and thereby alter the plant-mediated indirect interactions between different herbivore species. These types of indirect multitrophic interactions remain largely unexplored. Thus, to understand the full effect of the third trophic level on plants, it is necessary to consider the context of the community of interacting species, both herbivores and their enemies.</p> <p>2. Here, we investigated if parasitoids of leaf-feeding caterpillars affect plant fitness (seed quantity and quality) and the consequences for seed-dwelling insects at the second and third trophic levels through plant mediated effects. To test this, we exposed lima bean plants (<i>Phaseolus lunatus</i>), under controlled field conditions, to unparasitized caterpillars (<i>Spodoptera latifascia</i>) or caterpillars that were parasitized by the parasitoid species <i>Cotesia marginiventris</i>. Later in the season, we measured seed production and infestation by seed beetles and their parasitoids.</p> <p>3. We found that parasitoids significantly reduced the leaf damage inflicted by the caterpillars, such that the plants suffered no loss in seed production. Yet, parasitoids had no effect on the emergence of seed beetles (<i>Zabrotes subfasciatus</i> and <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>), which was equally reduced in plants attacked by unparasitized and by parasitized caterpillars. Seeds from undamaged plants were significantly more attacked by <i>Z. subfasciatus</i> beetles. Parasitism rates of seed beetle larvae were similar for all treatments.</p> <p>4. Although parasitized caterpillars did not damage the plants enough to reduce seed production (unlike unparasitized caterpillars), the damage they inflicted induced resistance against other herbivores. Taken together, these results reveal how parasitoids can indirectly enhance plant fitness in the context of the local ecological networks. These findings have significant implications for natural and agricultural systems since they reveal that the indirect interaction between plants and parasitoids can be beneficial in communities with multiple herbivore species.</p>
Data from: Combining experimental evolution and genomics to understand how seed beetles adapt to a marginal host plant
<p>Genes that affect adaptive traits have been identified, but our knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptation in a more general sense (across multiple traits) remains limited. We combined population-genomic analyses of evolve and resequence experiments, genome-wide association mapping of performance traits, and analyses of gene expression to fill this knowledge gap, and shed light on the genomics of adaptation to a marginal host (lentil) by the seed beetle <em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em>. Using population-genomic approaches, we detected modest parallelism in allele frequency change across replicate lines during adaptation to lentil. Mapping populations derived from each lentil-adapted line revealed a polygenic basis for two host-specific performance traits (weight and development time), which had low to modest heritabilities. We found less evidence of parallelism in genotype-phenotype associations across these lines than in allele frequency changes during the experiments. Differential gene expression caused by differences in recent evolutionary history exceeded that caused by immediate rearing host. Together, the three genomic data sets suggest that genes affecting traits other than weight and development time are likely to be the main causes of parallel evolution, and that detoxification genes (especially cytochrome P450s and beta-glucosidase) could be especially important for colonization of lentil by <em>C. maculatus</em>.</p>
Fig. 2. Adults M in On The Biology Of The East Asian Seed Beetle, Megabruchidius Dorsalis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), An Adventive Species For Ukraine
Fig. 2. Adults M. dorsalis on hawthorn flowers. May 7 (Photo by M. A. Filatov).
Fig. 4 in On The Biology Of The East Asian Seed Beetle, Megabruchidius Dorsalis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), An Adventive Species For Ukraine
Fig. 4. Dependence of M. dorsalis development time on air temperature.
Fig. 3 in On The Biology Of The East Asian Seed Beetle, Megabruchidius Dorsalis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), An Adventive Species For Ukraine
Fig. 3. Accumulated emerging of East Asian seed beetle in the laboratory. July and August 2019.
Seed traits of seed within spider monkey, howler monkey feces, and dung beetles' dung balls
<p>These data files contain seed traits from three sources, 1) seed traits from "Seeds of Amazonian Plants", 2) Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Seed Information Database, and 3) seeds dissected from field collections of primate feces and dung balls from dung beetles. The dataset was used in the article published in Biotropica entitled "<em>Seed size and pubescence facilitate secondary dispersal by dung beetles</em>". The data mostly describes seed traits of morphospecies within the feces of brown-headed spider monkeys (<em>Ateles fusciceps</em>) and mantled howler monkeys (<em>Alouatta palliata</em>). Traits included in the data set are size, surface, length, width, shape, color, and dispersal by mammals. </p>
Data from: Colonization of marginal host plants by Callosobruchus seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): effects of geographic source and genetic admixture
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Data from: Combining experimental evolution and genomics to understand how seed beetles adapt to a marginal host plant
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The reliability of environmental cues shapes learning and selection against deleterious alleles in seed beetles
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Data from: No evidence for phenotypic condition-dependent ejaculate allocation in response to sperm competition in a seed beetle
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Seed traits of seed within spider monkey, howler monkey feces, and dung beetles' dung balls
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