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FIGURE 2 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 2. Chromosome number and pollen characters in Heliosperma spp. Somatic chromosome number (2n = 26) in root meristematic cell of H. pusillum subsp. chromodontum (a), pollen size, shape and viability after Alexander staining in H. macranthum (green—non-viable and purple—viable pollen grains inserted) (b).

FIGURE 5 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 5. Factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) of seeds characters and hierarchical clustering on its principal components (HCPC). Distribution of the quantitative variables (a). Distribution of the qualitative variables (b); 2-4rows—number of rows in crest; 1- 2chambers—number of hilum chambers; marginal/middle—hilum location; brown/black—colour of seed; present/lack—waxes in hilum chambers; matt/shiny—surface type. Variation of elevation variable (c). Variation of habitat variable (numbers correspond to NATURA 2000 codes) (d). Five clusters of species identified by Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) (e). ALP—H. alpestre; MAC—H. macranthum; RET—H. retzdorffianum; NIC—H. nikolicii; OLI—H. oliverae; PUS—H. pusillum subsp. pusillum; ALB—H. pusillum subsp. albanicum; MARK—H. pusillum subsp. markgrafii; MON—H. pusillum subsp. monachorum; CAN—H. pusillum var. candavicum; CHROM—H. pusillum subsp. chromodontum.

FIGURE 4 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 4. Seed microstructure in Heliosperma spp. a0–a3 and b0–b3 general seed view, c0–c3 view of cells near crest (dorsal view), d0–d3 view of the cells near the hilum (ventral view), e0–e3—view of the hilum. a0–e0—H. macranthum, a1–e1—H. pusillum subsp. chromodontum, a2–e2—H. retzdorffianum, a3–e3—H. pusillum ssp. markgrafii. Bars in a0–a3 = 500 µm, b0–b3 = 250 µm, c0–c3, d0–d3, e0–e3 = 30 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 3. Capsules of Heliosperma macranthum (a) and H. retzdorffianum (b, c). Note seeds sticked to the pubescent plants (arrows in c).

FIGURE 5. Rhododendron taipaoense T.C in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 5. Rhododendron taipaoense T.C. Wu & P.C. Tam. A. flowering shoot. B. indumentum of young shoot. C. leaf. D. flower. E. stamen. F. pistil. G. carpsule. A-F from S.H. Jin & J. Xu DP-008 (HTC), G from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8330 (HTC). [drawn by Xiao- Feng Jin]

FIGURE 3 in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 3. Variation (mean ± SD, min and max) of the ratio of stamen length/pistil length in Rhododendron taipaoense and the related taxa. A. Minimum. B. Maximum. C–D. Standard deviation. M. Mean.

FIGURE 1 in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 1. UPGMA dendrogam of Rhododendron taipaoense and the related taxa, based on the analysis of 15 diagnostic characters in 146 individuals.

FIGURE 2 in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 2. PCoA (principal coordinate analysis) of Rhododendron taipaoense and the related taxa, based on analysis of 15 diagnostic characters in 146 individuals. (1) R. falcinellum. (2) R. ruflum. (3) R. piceum. (4) R. taipaoense. (5) R. florulentum. (6) R. rufoindumentum. (7) R. spadiceum. (8) R. apricum. (9) R. hepaticum. Two principal coordinates explain 88.81% of the total variation.

FIGURE 4 in A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology

FIGURE 4. Micromorphology of the seed testa of Rhododendron taipaoense and the related taxa. A. Seed shape of R. spadiceum. B. Tail shape of R. spadiceum. C. Seed surface of R. spadiceum. D. Seed shape of R. apricum. E. Hilum shape of R. apricum. F. Seed shape of R. falcinellum. G. Seed surface of R. falcinellum. H. Seed shape of R. florulentum. I. Hilum shape of R. florulentum. J. Seed shape of R. piceum. K. Hilum shape of R. piceum. L. Seed shape of R. rufoindumentum. M. Tail shape of R. rufoindumentum. N. Seed shape of R. hepaticum. O. Hilum shape of R. hepaticum. P. Seed shape of R. rufulum. Q. Seed shape of R. taipaoense. R. Tail shape of R. taipaoense. Scales bar: A, D, F, H, J, L, N, P and Q = 500 µm. B, E, I, K, M, O and R = 100 µm. C and G = 50 µm. A–C from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8360 (HTC). D, E from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8349 (HTC). F, G from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8332 (HTC). H, I from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8348 (HTC). J, K from Nanling Bot. Geo. Exped. 7364 (IBSC). L, M from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8335 (HTC). N, O from Nanling Bot. Geo. Exped. 7330 (IBSC). P from B.Y. Ding & B.J. Fang 8366 (HTC). Q, R from T.C. Wu s.n. (IBSC).

FIGURE 6 in Phenetic analysis of the complex Senna fabrisii-S. trichosepala (Leguminosae, Caesalpiniodeae, Aphyllae) based on morphological characters and seed protein electrophoretic profiles

FIGURE 6. Dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis of the S. fabrisii–S. trichosepala complex using UPGMA based on soluble protein profile. Names of each OTU correspond to those recorded on herbarium sheets (abbreviated as SF (S. fabrisii) and ST (S. trichosepala) and the localities of occurrence of each taxon. The number attached with the abbreviations corresponds to the sample order.

FIGURE 2 in Phenetic analysis of the complex Senna fabrisii-S. trichosepala (Leguminosae, Caesalpiniodeae, Aphyllae) based on morphological characters and seed protein electrophoretic profiles

FIGURE 2. Principal component analysis (PCA) scatter plots of the first two components. The morphological characters used in this analysis are listed in Table 1.

FIGURE 4 in Phenetic analysis of the complex Senna fabrisii-S. trichosepala (Leguminosae, Caesalpiniodeae, Aphyllae) based on morphological characters and seed protein electrophoretic profiles

FIGURE 4. Dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis of the S. fabrisi– S. trichosepala complex using UPGMA based on morphological characters. (abbreviated as SF in blue (S. fabrisii) and ST in red (S. trichosepala).

FIGURE 1 in Phenetic analysis of the complex Senna fabrisii-S. trichosepala (Leguminosae, Caesalpiniodeae, Aphyllae) based on morphological characters and seed protein electrophoretic profiles

FIGURE 1. Box plots representing the variability of the quantitative characters in S. fabrisii–S. trichosepala complex. Points represent outliers.

FIGURE 4 in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy

FIGURE 4. Seeds of Calycogonium apleurum, Calycogonium grisebachii, and Tetrazygia brachycentra. A–B. Calycogonium apleurum. C–D. Calycogonium grisebachii. E–F. Tetrazygia brachycentra. (scale bars A, C, E=100 µm; B=200 µm; D, F=10 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).

FIGURE 3. Seed Types III–V.Type III.A–B. Calycogonium angulatum.C–D. Calycogonium domatiatum.Type IV in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy

FIGURE 3. Seed Types III–V.Type III.A–B. Calycogonium angulatum.C–D. Calycogonium domatiatum.Type IV: E. Calycogonium saxicola. F. Tetrazygia lanceolata. G. Tetrazygia eleagnoides. H. Tetrazygia bicolor. Type V: I. Calycogonium pseudofloribundum. J. Calycogonium revolutum. K. Pachyanthus discolor, detail of testa. L. Calycogonium cocoense detail of testa. (scale bars A, C, E–G, =100 µm; I–J, =500 µm; B, D, K–L=10 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).

FIGURE 2 in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy

FIGURE 2. Seed Types IIa, IIb, III. Type IIa:A–B. Miconia baracoensis. C. Pachyanthus monocephalus. D. Calycogonium clidemiodes. Type IIb: E–G. Miconia uninervis. Type III: H.Calycogonium glabratum. I. Miconia moensis. J. Pachyanthus pedicellatus. K–L. Calycogonium rhamnoideum. (scale bars A, C–F, =500 µm; H–K= 100 µm; B,G, L=10 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).

FIGURE 1 in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy

FIGURE 1. Seed Types Ia, Ib.Type Ia: A. Calycogonium reticulatum. B. Clidemia cf. wrightii. C. Clidemia cf. barbeyana. D. Calycogonium heterophyllum, detail of testa. Type Ib: E. Calycogonium hispidulum. F–G. Calycogonium tetragonolobum. (scale bars A–C, E–G=100 µm; D=20 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).

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FIGURE 25 in Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India

FIGURE 25. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus sikkimensis: A, entire seed (150x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x). FIGURE 26. SEM-micrographs of Astragalus strictus: A, entire seed (150x); B, seed sculpture (3000x); C, seed sculpture (6000x).