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19 results for “seed fate”
Data from: Seed fate in ant-mediated dispersal: Seed dispersal effectiveness in the Ectatomma ruidum (Formicidae) - Zanthoyxlum ekmanii (Rutaceae) system
<p>Plants are often dispersal limited relying on passive or active agents to find suitable microhabitats for germination. Seeds of pioneer tree species, for example, require light gaps for growth but have short median dispersal distances and often do not provide a food reward to encourage animal dispersal. Zanthoxylum ekmanii seeds are frequently moved by ants but evaluating the effectiveness of ant-mediated seed removal requires knowledge of the species moving the seeds, how far they are moved, and the deposition site. To assess the effectiveness of ants as seed dispersers of Z. ekmanii, we utilized the seed dispersal effectiveness framework. We tracked the movement of seeds from caches on the forest floor, revealing that foragers of Ectatomma ruidum moved 32.8% of seeds an average first distance of 99.8 cm with 68.3% of those seeds taken into a colony. The quality of deposition location was assessed using a seedling emergence study where freshly germinated seeds were buried at different depths. Seedlings were primarily able to emerge from the shallowest depths. Wax castings of E. ruidum colonies demonstrated that seeds brought into the colony were deposited in chambers that had larvae present and experienced more damage than seeds unhandled by ants. Foragers, however, did not have a strong enough bite force to rupture Z. ekmanii seeds likely because their muscle morphology is not structured to maximize force generation. Overall, E. ruidum may help fine tune deposition location, incorporating seeds into the topsoil, though few seeds will likely emerge if soil bioturbation is low.</p>
Data from: Seed fate in ant-mediated dispersal: Seed dispersal effectiveness in the Ectatomma ruidum (Formicidae) - Zanthoyxlum ekmanii (Rutaceae) system
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Data from: Fate of the soil seed bank of giant ragweed and its significance in preventing and controlling its invasion in grasslands
<p>Pollen of giant ragweed (GR), an annual non-native invasive weed, causes serious respiratory allergies in some humans and animals. Chemical control of GR in grassland can produce toxic side effects in herbs and livestock. This paper discusses methods used to prevent infestation and to control this species by analyzing the soil seed bank (SSB) and limiting the invasiveness of GR.</p> <p>By studying GR distributed in grassland of the Yili Valley, Xinjiang, China, this paper compares the spatial and temporal changes of seed density along with seed germination, dormancy, and death at different times after invasion and in different soil layers. The study analyzed population characteristics over time, seed fate, and control methods for this species with the goal of reducing the of SSB density of GR.</p> <p>The SSB of GR in grassland occurs mainly in the 0–5 cm soil layer but also to depths of 15 cm. Seed density in the SSB decreased by 68.1% to 82.01% from the seed maturity period to the early non-fertile period. >98.7% of the seeds rotten, eaten, germinated, dispersed or died within one year after being produced. The seed germination rate of the SBB decreased with an increasing number of years after invasion. When stored for 1 or 4 years, seed germination rates fell by 40%, during which time seed mortality increased by almost 40%. When GR was completely eradicated for 2 consecutive years, the SSB and population densities decreased by >99%.</p> <p>The vast majority of GR seeds germinated or died within one year; long term dry storage also significantly decreased the germination rate. Newly produced seeds are the main source of seeds in the SSB; seeds have a strong ability to germinate. Therefore, thoroughly eradicating GR plants for several years before the seeds can mature provides an effective control method in grasslands.</p>
Linking animal behaviour and tree recruitment: Caching decisions by a scatter hoarder corvid determine seed fate in a Mediterranean agroforestry system
<p><span>1. Seed dispersal by scatter-hoarder corvids is key for the establishment of important tree species from the Holarctic region such as the walnut (<em>Juglans regia</em>). However, the factors that drive animal decisions to cache seeds in specific locations and the consequences of these decisions on seed fate are poorly understood. </span></p> <p><span>2. We experimentally created four distinct, replicated habitat types in a Mediterranean agricultural landscape where the Eurasian magpie (<em>Pica</em> <em>pica</em>) is a common scatter-hoarder: soft bare soil; compacted bare soil; compacted soil with a dense herbaceous cover; and soft linear bare soil made up of the irrigation furrows that separated the rest of the treatments. We also experimentally placed visual landmarks (stones, sticks, and bunches of dry plants) to test if magpies use them to place seed caches. Walnut dispersal from feeders to the habitats was monitored by radio-tracking and camera traps. </span></p> <p><span>3. A sowing experiment simulating natural caches tested the effect of caching type on seed germination and seedling emergence. Seed mass was controlled for the dispersal and sowing experiments.</span></p> <p><span>4. Magpies selected the two habitats with soft soil, and avoided the one with compacted soil, to cache nuts. Seed mass did not affect dispersal distance, germination, or emergence; however, heavier seeds were cached more often under litter and in the habitat with herbaceous cover, whereas lighter seeds were more often buried in the soft bare soil habitat. Seed burial under soil or litter determined seed fate, as there was virtually no emergence from unburied nuts. There was no evidence of any effect of the visual landmarks.</span></p> <p>5. Synthesis. The consequences of seed caching for seedling early establishment are driven by a fine decision-making process of the disperser. Magpies seemed to ponder the characteristics of the habitat and the seed itself to determine where and how to cache each nut. By doing so, magpies reinforced the quality of seed dispersal effectiveness, as they cached walnuts in locations that enhanced both seed survival and seedling emergence.</p>
Dataset: Seed fate, seedling establishment and the role of propagule size in forest regeneration under climate change conditions
<p>This repository contains the files associated with the following article:</p> <p>Badano EI and EJ Sánchez-Montes de Oca. Seed fate, seedling establishment and the role of propagule size in forest regeneration under climate change conditions. <em>Forest ecology and Management</em> 503, Article 119776. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119776">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119776</a></p> <p>The first Microsoft Excel file contains a single sheet with the data used to assess whether seed biomass relates with the fresh weight of acorns in the two studied oak species (<em>Quercus viminea</em> and <em>Quercus eduardii</em>). The second Microsoft Excel file contains five sheets with the microclimatic data (photosynthetic photon flux density, air and soil temperature, rainfall and volumetric soil water content) measured at controls under the current climate and climate change simulation plots located in the forest and the abandoned field of each experimental site. The third Microsoft Excel file contains a single sheet with the results of the seed fate experiments. For each oak species, these databases indicate the fresh weight of each acorn and the respective fate of its seed (parasitized by insects, infested by fungi, desiccated or germinated) in controls under the current climate and climate change simulation plots located in forests and abandoned fields. Finally, the fourth Microsoft Excel file contains a single sheet with the results of the seedling development experiments. For each oak species, these databases indicate the fresh weight of each acorn with the respective shoot emergence date of the seedling, the date of seedling dead and the aboveground net growth rate of the seedling in controls under the current climate and climate change simulation plots located in forests and abandoned fields.</p>
Data from: Fate of the soil seed bank of giant ragweed and its significance in preventing and controlling its invasion in grasslands
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Linking animal behaviour and tree recruitment: Caching decisions by a scatter hoarder corvid determine seed fate in a Mediterranean agroforestry system
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Masting and seed fate data of Castanopsis fargesii
<p>Masting is a common reproductive strategy regulating seedling regeneration in many perennial plant species. The evolutionary origins and functional benefits of masting have been explained by well-supported hypotheses relating to economies of scale of seed production. Nevertheless, our understanding of the potential costs of masting for the plant seed-to-seedling transitions remains limited.</p> <p>We evaluated the annual seed production of <em>Castanopsis fargesii</em>, a dominant species of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in China from 2013 to 2018. We also tracked the seed fate for the mature seeds in the seed-to-seedling transition. Each type of killed seed (such as predated by rodents and insects, or germinated failure) were evaluated. We measured the seed mass of all intact seeds using a precision electronic balance. This dataset contains the masting data, seed fate data and seed mass data of <em>C. fargesii</em> for more than six years.</p>
Data from: Seed fates in crop-wild hybrid sunflowers: crop allele and maternal effects
Domestication has resulted in selection upon seed traits found in wild populations, yet crop-wild hybrids retain some aspects of both parental phenotypes. Seed fates of germination, dormancy, and mortality can influence the success of crop allele introgression in crop-wild hybrid zones, especially if crop alleles or crop-imparted seed coverings result in out-of-season germination. We performed a seed burial experiment using crop, wild, and diverse hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cross types to test how a cross type's maternal parent and nuclear genetic composition might affect its fate under field conditions. We observed higher maladaptive fall germination in the crop- and F1- produced seeds than wild-produced seeds and, due to an interaction with percent crop alleles, fall germination was higher for cross types with more crop-like nuclear genetics. By spring, crop-produced cross types had the highest overwintering mortality, primarily due to higher fall germination. Early spring germination was identical across maternal types, but germination continued for F1-produced seeds. In conclusion, the more wild-like the maternal parent or the less proportion of the cross type's genome contributed by the crop, the greater likelihood a seed will remain ungerminated than die. Wild-like dormancy may facilitate introgression through future recruitment from the soil seed bank.
Masting and seed fate data of Castanopsis fargesii
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Data from: Tracking seed fates of tropical tree species: evidence for seed caching in a tropical forest in north-east India
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Data from: Telemetric tracking of scatterhoarding and seed fate in a Central African forest
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Data from: Seed fates in crop-wild hybrid sunflowers: crop allele and maternal effects
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Data from: Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid Australia
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Data from: Persistence of the effect of frugivore identity on post-dispersal seed fate: consequences for the assessment of functional redundancy
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Data from: Functional extinction of a desert rodent: implications for seed fate and vegetation dynamics
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Seed fates of four rainforest tree species in the fragmented forests of Anamalais in the southern Western Ghats, India
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Data from: Risk of cache pilferage determines hoarding behavior of rodents and seed fate
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Fate specific mRNA storage in seeds
GEO Series GSE76905. Arabidopsis thaliana. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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