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225 results for “seed germination”
Subalpine tree seed availability and germination at Niwot Ridge, 2015 - ongoing.
These data were collected to assess how seed availability and site limitations affect conifer germination across species distributions. Our study focused on areas above alpine treeline where subalpine tree species must migrate to track movement of suitable climate, but we also included sites in the core and at the lower ecotone of subalpine forests. We monitored seed availability and germination of new seedlings for four subalpine tree species from 2015-present at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. Seed availability was collected in 66-95 seed traps in 14-17 sites (6-12 traps per site; see data for count per site), depending on year. In the lab, seeds were counted by species. In the field, new germinants were counted by species 3-5 weeks after snow disappearance (i.e., peak germination) and again in late September from 2015 to 2018 only. Only one census of new germinants was conducted from 2019 to 2023. New germinants from prior years were censused in subsequent summers.
Code and data for SylvanSeeds, a seed germination database for temperate deciduous forests
<p>This is a version of record of the manuscript's data and code as accepted by the Journal of Vegetation Science.</p>
Alpine plant seed microbiomes, germination, and plant-soil feedbacks, Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 2018.
Seed and soil microbiomes strongly affect plant performance, and these effects can scale-up to influence plant community structure. However, seed and soil microbial community composition are variable across landscapes, and different microbial communities can differentially influence multiple plant metrics (biomass, germination rate), and community stabilizing mechanisms. We measured how microbiomes inside seeds and in soils varied among alpine plant species and communities that differed in plant species richness and density. Across 10 common alpine plant species, we found a total of 318 bacterial and 128 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with seeds, with fungal richness affected by plant species identity more than sampling location. However, seed microbes had only marginally significant effects on plant germination success and timing. In contrast, soil microbes associated with two different plant species had significant effects on plant biomass, and their effect depended both on the plant species and the location the soils were sampled from.
Fig. 2 in Effect of the seed maturation stage and pre-germination treatments on emergence of Erythrina crista-galli L.
Fig. 2 TC, T1-T5. Seedling emergency (E%) in relation to the number of days after sowing (DAS). TC. control; T1. sanded and soaked in water for 48 h; T2. sanded and soaked in water for 24 h; T3. soaked in water outside of heating at the initial temperature of 60 °C until reaching ambient temperature; T4. only sanded; T5. immature seeds.
Fig. 1 in Effect of the seed maturation stage and pre-germination treatments on emergence of Erythrina crista-galli L.
Fig. 1 TC, T1-T5. Erythrina crista-galli. Seeds in different maturation stages and submitted to pre-germination treatments. TC. control; T1. sanded (seeds subjected to abrasion with 60-grit sandpaper, on the opposite side of the hilum) and soaked in water for 48 h; T2. sanded and soaked in water for 24 h; T3. soaked in water outside of heating at the initial temperature of 60 °C until reaching ambient temperature; T4. only sanded; T5. immature seeds.
Variable seed bed microsite conditions and light influence germination in Australian winter annuals
<p>Environmentally cued germination may play an important role in promoting coexistence in Mediterranean annual plant systems if it causes niche differentiation across heterogeneous microsite conditions. In this study, we tested how microsite conditions experienced by seeds in the field and light conditions in the laboratory influenced germination in 12 common annual plant species occurring in the understorey of the York gum-jam woodlands in southwest Western Australia. Specifically, we hypothesized that if germination promotes spatial niche differentiation, then we should observe species-specific germination responses to light. In addition, we hypothesized that species' laboratory germination response may depend on the microsite conditions experienced by seeds while buried. We tested the laboratory germination response of seeds under diurnally fluctuating light and complete darkness, which were collected from microsites spanning local-scale environmental gradients known to influence community structure in this system. We found that seeds of 6 out of the 12 focal species exhibited significant positive germination responses to light, but that the magnitude of these responses varied greatly with the relative light requirement for germination ranging from 0.51 to 0.86 for these species. In addition, germination increased significantly across a gradient of canopy cover for two species, but we found little evidence to suggest that species' relative light requirement for germination varied depending on seed bank microsite conditions. Our results suggest that variability in light availability may promote coexistence in this system and that the microsite conditions seeds experience in the intra-growing season period can further nuance species germination behaviour.</p>
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of Scots pine seeds and the assessment of germination potential
<p>This dataset contains all the raw source data and MATLAB analysis functions that comprise the study:</p> <p><strong>Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of Scots pine seeds and the assessment of germination potential</strong></p> <p>Canadian Journal of Forest Research | DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2021-0273.</p> <p>Tuomainen, TV (1), Himanen, K (2), Helenius, P (2), Kettunen, MI (3), Nissi, MJ (1,4)*<br> 1. University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Kuopio, Finland<br> 2. Natural Resources Institute Finland, Suonenjoki Unit, Suonenjoki, Finland.<br> 3. University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland <br> 4. University of Oulu, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Oulu, Finland</p> <p>*Corresponding author:<br> Mikko J. Nissi<br> Department of Applied Physics,<br> University of Eastern Finland<br> POB 1627<br> FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland<br> mikko.nissi@uef.fi<br> +358-50-5955517</p> <p>Keywords: Pinus sylvestris, seed germination, MRI, radiography, relaxation time mapping</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Study and data description</strong></p> <p>Altogether 90 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds were MR imaged using RAREVTR, MSME, MGE and ZTE pulse sequences with reference radiograph from each seed.</p> <p>The data includes MR images and relaxation time data as well as individual X ray radiographs of Scots pine seeds. </p> <p>The data includes all data ('fid' and '2dseq' for MRI, and .jpeg/.png for radiographs), metadata (acquisition and reconstruction MRI parameters), figures of manuscript, and calculated relaxation time maps (in MATLAB MAT-file format).</p> <p> </p> <p>Included folders and files in the zenodo_repo_scotspine_MRI_zip_20012022 are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>additional_info_scotspine</strong>: Information on the seed batches, their germination and structure in .xlsx file format. Translated into English from Finnish on 06.10.2021.</li> <li><strong>manuscript_figures:</strong> Figures in .eps vector file format (fig1.eps-fig7.eps)</li> <li><strong>matlab_scripts:</strong> Contains MATLAB functions and scripts for data analysis of the MRI data, processed together with 'aedes' GUI (aedes.uef.fi/, redirects to github.com).</li> <li><strong>mri_scotspine</strong>: Contains the MRI data using 5 mm and 10 mm RF coils at 11.7 T (Bruker). The folders 'discard_folder/' contain ZTE data that are not processed with carbon_collector.m MATLAB script (i.e. processed separately).</li> <li><strong>radiography_scotspine: </strong>Contains radiographs of invidual seeds in two folders: old (lower resolution, Faxitron MX-20, Faxitron Bioptics LLC, <em>Tucson, Az, USA</em>) and new (higher resolution, Faxitron MultiFocus, Faxitron Bioptics LLC, <em>Tucson, Az, USA</em>).</li> <li><strong>readme.txt: </strong>More information on the file and folder structure and datatypes.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Please see the included readme.txt for further details.</p> <p> </p> <p>(Teemu Tuomainen, Jan 25, 2022)</p>
Physical seed damage, not rodent's saliva, accelerates seed germination of trees in a subtropical forest
<p>Many tree species adopt fast seed germination to escape the predation risk by rodents. Physical seed damage and the saliva of rodents on partially consumed seeds may also act as cues for the seed to accelerate the germination process. However, the impacts of these factors on seed germination rate and speed remain unclear. In this study, we investigated such impacts on the germination rate and speed (reversal of germination time) of four tree species (<em>Quercus variabilis</em>, <em>Q. serrata</em>, <em>Q. acutissima</em>, and <em>Q. glauca</em>) after partial consumption by four rodent species, through a series of experiments. We also examined how seed traits may affect the damage degree by rodents by analyzing the relationship between the germination rate and time of rodent-damaged seeds and the traits. We found that artificially and rodent-damaged seeds exhibited a significantly higher seed germination rate and speed, compared to intact seeds. Also, the rodent saliva on seeds showed no significant effect on seed germination rate and speed. Furthermore, We observed significant positive correlations between several seed traits (including seed mass, coat thickness, and protein content) and seed germination rate, but these seed traits had a positive correlation with the germination rate and speed. These correlations are likely due to the beneficial traits countering seed damage by rodents. Overall, our results highlight the significant role of physical seed damage by rodents (rather than their saliva) in facilitating seed germination of tree species and potential mutualism between rodents and trees. Additionally, our results may have some implications in forest restoration, such that intentionally sowing or dispersing slightly damaged seeds by humans or drones may increase the likelihood of successful seed regeneration.</p>
Figure 7 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 7. Results from the sensitivity analysis depicting variations in the overall effect size estimates (mean ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of water-stress effects on (A) weed germination/emergence, (B) seedling radicle/root length, (C) plant height, and (D) leaf area when a particular study is omitted from the analysis. The vertical black solid and dashed lines represent overall effect sizes (mean ± 95% CIs) with all studies included.
Figure 3 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 3. Overall water-stress effects on germination/emergence of grass and broadleaf weeds (top) and six weed families—Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Convolvulaceae, Amaranthaceae, Rubiaceae, and Poaceae (bottom). The vertical black dashed line represents zero effect. The black dots are overall mean effect sizes, and the black lines are 99% confidence intervals (CIs).The values in parentheses are the number of observations followed by the number of studies for each pair-wise comparison. The mean effect sizes were considered significantly different when their 99% CIs did not include zero.
Figure 4 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 4. The log response ratio for germination and seedling radicle length of broadleaf (green dots/line) and grass (red dots/line) weed species as a function of water-stress intensity. Water stress increased as solution osmotic potential (ψsolution) decreased and vice versa.The subgroups for germination are 0 to −0.2, −0.2 to −0.4, −0.4 to −0.6, −0.6 to −0.8, −0.8 to −1.0, −1.0 to −1.4, and <−1.4 MPa, while the subgroups for radicle length are 0 to −0.2, −0.2 to −0.4, −0.4 to −0.6, −0.6 to −1.0, and <−1.0 MPa. Only ψsolution-based studies were used in this analysis. For each subgroup, the solid dots and lines represent mean effect sizes and their corresponding 99% confidence intervals (CIs).The mean effect sizes were considered significantly different when their 99% CIs did not include zero. Similarly, the water-stress effects were significantly different for each subgroup and among weed types only when their 99% CIs did not overlap with one another. The fitted lines represent a four-parameter logistic regression model, and the coefficients of the models are presented in Table 2.
Figure 1 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 1. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; Page and McKenzie 2021) flow diagram highlighting the selection procedure of 86 scientific published papers included in the meta-analysis.
Figure 8 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 8. Results from the sensitivity analysis depicting variations in the overall effect size estimates (mean ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of water-stress effects on (A) branches/tillers per plant, (B) leaves per plant, (C) inflorescences per plant, (D) seeds per plant, (E) total biomass, (F) root biomass, (G) shoot biomass, and (H) root:shoot ratio, when a particular study is omitted from the analysis. The vertical black solid and dashed lines represent overall effect sizes (mean ± 95% CIs) with all studies included.
Figure 6 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 6. Density plots depicting the distribution of the individual effect sizes for all 12 response variables considered in this meta-analysis: (A) weed seed germination/emergence; (B) radicle/root length, plant height, and leaf area; (C) branches/tillers per plant, leaves per plant, inflorescences per plant, and seeds per plant; and (D) total biomass, root biomass, shoot biomass, and root:shoot ratio.
Figure 2 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 2. Overall water-stress effects on weed germination/emergence, growth characteristics, and seed production. The vertical black dashed line represents zero effect. The black dots are overall mean effect sizes, and the black lines are 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The values in parentheses are the number of observations followed by the number of studies for each pair-wise comparison. The mean effect sizes were considered significantly different when their 95% CIs did not include zero.
Figure 5 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 5. The log response ratio for weed growth characteristics (plant height, leaf area, branches/tillers per plant, leaves per plant,root biomass, shoot biomass, and root:shoot ratio) and seed production (inflorescences per plant and seeds per plant) as a function of water-stress intensity. Water stress increased as soil moisture (% field capacity) decreased and vice versa. The green and red dots represent broadleaf and grass weed species, respectively. The solid black points and the lines represent mean effect sizes and their 99% confidence intervals (CIs) for low (>60%), moderate (30%–60%), and severe (<30% field capacity) water-stress subgroups. The mean effect sizes were considered significantly different when their 99% CIs did not include zero. Similarly, the water-stress effects were significantly different for each subgroup and among weed types only when their 99% CIs did not overlap with one another.
Fig. 1 in Damp Water Stream Impact For The Germination Of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) H. Karst.) Seeds
Fig. 1. Sowing scheme of Norway Spruce seeds (K – control sample – chemical treater was used for the seeds; 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s – damp water steam was used for the seeds).
Figure 3 in Seed germination of Ornithogalum saundersiae, under different temperatures
Figure 3. Normal and abnormal seedlings of Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker. (ornitogalo). A. recently harvested seed; B. protrusion of the radicle; C. radicular hair; D. The appearance of the bulb primordium; E. development of root structures and the bulb primordium; F. leaf primordium formation; G. normal seedling, per seed; H. abnormal seedling with primary fungal infection; I. abnormal seedling with secondary fungal infection; J. abnormal seedling with atrophied roots. Scale bar: A = 0.25 cm; B-G = 0.50 cm, H-J = 1.0 cm.
Figure 2 in Seed germination of Ornithogalum saundersiae, under different temperatures
Figure 2. Obtaining the seeds of Ornithogalum saundersiae. (ornitogalo). A. dry fruits; B. open the fruit locule with the seeds inside; C. seeds. Scale bar: A-B = 1.0 cm, C = 2.5 cm.
Figure 1. Germination - G in Turmeric powder: biostimulator from expired lettuce seeds?
Figure 1. Germination - G (A) and abnormal seedlings - AS (B), obtained from iceberg lettuce seeds, cultivar Great lakes 659, batch expired five years ago, under doses of turmeric powder.
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