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opencc-by-4.0May 2018View details →

Figure 1 in Weed Seedbank Management: Revisiting How Herbicides Are Evaluated

Figure 1. Scatter plot of principal component analysis indicating the (dis) associations between visual rating, weed seed production, weed biomass and density as a result of meta-analysis of selected research articles in Weed Science and Weed Technology.

Figure 8 in Seedbank Persistence of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) and Waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) across Diverse Geographical Regions in the United States

Figure 8. Effects of experimental site by burial depth by year on percentage seed viability for Amoronthus polmeri and Amoronthus tuberculotus. Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean.

Figure 4 in Seedbank Persistence of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) and Waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) across Diverse Geographical Regions in the United States

Figure 4. Monthly soil temperature (averaged over a 15-min concurrent recording period on a daily basis for the entire experimental period) at the top and at 15 cm below the soil surface (left y-axis) and monthly soil volumetric water content at 15 cm below soil surface (right y-axis) for each of the seven sites where the seed material of Amoronthus polmeri and Amoronthus tuberculotus was exposed to burial conditions during 2014–2016. Data presented for Missouri include only two experimental years (2015 and 2016).

Figure 1 in Seedbank Persistence of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) and Waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) across Diverse Geographical Regions in the United States

Figure 1. Experimental sites across Midsouth United States, where Amoronthus polmeri and Amoronthus tuberculotus seed material was exposed to burial trials for a period of 1 to 3 yr before viability test evaluation. Numbers in parentheses represent the latitude and longitude of the experimental sites.

Figure 6 in Seedbank Persistence of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) and Waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) across Diverse Geographical Regions in the United States

Figure 6. Interaction of experimental site by burial depth on percentage seed damage and loss averaged across 2014–2016 for Amoronthus polmeri and Amoronthus tuberculotus. Damaged seeds include broken, shrunk, or malformed seeds and those lost due to deterioration or futile germination, which were impossible to count. Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean. Supplemental information is also provided in Supplementary Tables S1 and S2, where the actual values averaged across three replications per treatment and five locations of seed material origins are shown.

Figure 3 in Seedbank Persistence of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) and Waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) across Diverse Geographical Regions in the United States

Figure 3. Amoronthus polmeri seeds as they appeared under a dissection microscope (A) before the seed retrieval and cleaning processes and (B) after the cleaning process. The same criteria were used for A. tuberculotus seeds.

Figure 7 in Seedbank Persistence of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) and Waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) across Diverse Geographical Regions in the United States

Figure 7. Percentage seed viability as affected by burial depth and retrieval time (in months) for Amoronthus polmeri and Amoronthus tuberculotus. Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean (i.e., 0.612 and 0.649 for A. polmeri and A. tuberculotus, respectively).

Figure 2 in Seedbank Persistence of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) and Waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) across Diverse Geographical Regions in the United States

Figure 2. Experimental layout in which the randomized arrangement of main plots (i.e., retrieval year), subplots (colored seed bags representing the site by ecotype treatments), and sub-subplot (i.e., burial depth treatment) are depicted along with details for seedbank establishment (dimensions and burial depth of PVC cage).

Figure 5 in Seedbank Persistence of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) and Waterhemp (Amoronthus tuberculotus) across Diverse Geographical Regions in the United States

Figure 5. Interaction of experimental site by ecotype on seed viability for Amoronthus polmeri and Amoronthus tuberculotus averaged across 2014–2016. Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean. Supplemental information is also provided in Supplementary Tables S1 and S2, where the actual values averaged across three replications per treatment and five locations of seed material origins are shown.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Records of the Australian National Botanic Gardens Seedbank.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Records of the Australian National Botanic Gardens Seedbank". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/eebc1080-cec1-4d28-a5d3-ba8694114d12">https://bionomia.net/dataset/eebc1080-cec1-4d28-a5d3-ba8694114d12</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/eebc1080-cec1-4d28-a5d3-ba8694114d12">https://gbif.org/dataset/eebc1080-cec1-4d28-a5d3-ba8694114d12</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Records of the Victorian Conservation Seedbank.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Records of the Victorian Conservation Seedbank". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/226064ec-8b44-44c5-ae67-b98a9598e58c">https://bionomia.net/dataset/226064ec-8b44-44c5-ae67-b98a9598e58c</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/226064ec-8b44-44c5-ae67-b98a9598e58c">https://gbif.org/dataset/226064ec-8b44-44c5-ae67-b98a9598e58c</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Decadal survival of tropical pioneer seeds in the soil seedbank is accompanied by fungal infection and dormancy release

Pioneer trees require high-light environments for successful seedling establishment. Consequently, seeds of these species often persist in the soil seed bank (SSB) for periods ranging from several weeks to decades. How they survive despite extensive pressure from seed predators and soilborne pathogens remains an intriguing question. This study aims to test the hypotheses that decades-old seeds collected from the SSB in a lowland tropical forest remain viable by i) escaping infection by fungi, which are major drivers of seed mortality in tropical soils, and/or ii) maintaining high levels of seed dormancy and seed coat integrity when compared to inviable seeds. We collected seeds of Trema micrantha and Zanthoxylum ekmanii at Barro Colorado Island, Panama, from sites where adult trees previously occurred in the past 30 years. We used carbon dating to measure seed age and characterized seed coat integrity, seed dormancy, and fungal communities. Viable seeds from the SSB ranged in age from 9 to 30 years for T. micrantha, and 5 to 33 years for Z. ekmanii. We found no evidence that decades-old seeds maintain high levels of seed dormancy or seed coat integrity. Fungi were rarely detected in fresh seeds (no soil contact), but phylogenetically diverse fungi were detected often in seeds from the SSB. Although fungal infections were more commonly detected in inviable seeds than in viable seeds, a lack of differences in fungal diversity and community composition between viable and inviable seeds suggested that viable seeds are not simply excluding fungal species to survive long periods in the SSB. Synthesis: Our findings reveal the importance of a previously understudied aspect of seed survival, where the impact of seed-microbial interactions may be critical to understand long-term persistence in the SSB.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Wildfire impacts on seedbank and vegetation dynamics in Calluna heath

Moorlands dominated by Calluna vulgaris (hereafter Calluna) are globally rare and under increasing threat of wildfires due to climate change. The soil seedbank is important for community resilience, but research on its contribution to regenerating vegetation after moorland fires has, to date, focused on prescribed fire or on the short-term (≤ 2 year) impacts of wildfire. To address the role of the seedbank in long-term vegetation regeneration, we studied a chronosequence of six wildfire sites within a Scottish moorland catchment, ranging from 2 to 64 years since burning. We recorded vegetation composition and sampled the seedbank. Calluna and Erica spp. comprised 66 % and 27 % of germinated seeds, respectively, and the majority of vegetation species were not represented in the seedbank. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that time since fire was a strong predictor of vegetation species composition, but it had no effect on seedbank composition, suggesting that the same species dominate the seedbank regardless of burning. Whilst total seed density was not affected by time since wildfire, the effect on the non-Calluna seedbank was more notable. The proportion of non-Calluna species decreased with time in both vegetation and seedbank as Calluna cover was re-established and the seedbank of other species became gradually depleted. Whilst relative non-Calluna cover in the vegetation was at a maximum in recently burnt areas and then declined with time since fire, the species richness and proportion of non-Calluna in the seedbank followed a unimodal pattern after fire and reached a peak after approximately 35 years. Our results contribute to the knowledge of how moorland ecosystems regenerate after severe disturbances, which are likely to become more common as the climate changes.

publicNov 2023View details →

Decadal survival of tropical pioneer seeds in the soil seedbank is accompanied by fungal infection and dormancy release

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