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16 results for “seedling emergence”
Seedling emergence and biomass data of nine dryland plant species characterizing the impact of soil residual auxin herbicide across two soil types and water pulse events on greenhouse growth; Las Cruces, New Mexico, Spring 2021.
Synthetic-auxin herbicides are often used to control woody plants and aid in grassland restoration. Seed-based restoration is common alongside herbicide applications and there may be unintended effects of these herbicides on dryland plant species at the seed and seedling stages. Additionally, abiotic conditions at the time of herbicide application may influence herbicide-soil-plant interactions. We conducted a greenhouse study to examine the effects of a common shrub-control herbicide mix and its interaction with soil type and a post-herbicide water pulse on common desert plant seeds and seedlings. In this greenhouse study, we found that a subset of species responded negatively to soil residual herbicide activity of a mixture of aminopyralid, clopyralid, and triclopyr at the seed and seedling stages. Species sensitive to soil herbicide residues were primarily shrub and forb species that are often the target species of herbicide applications for woody plant control, such as Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) and Larrea tridentata (creosote bush). However, two shrub species (Atriplex canescens [four-wing saltbush] and Yucca elata [soaptree yucca]) and one perennial grass species (Digitaria californica [Arizona cottontop]), which are used in dryland restoration projects, were found to be particularly sensitive to soil residual herbicide activity. Thus, if using these herbicides to control woody plants and restore herbaceous vegetation via active seeding or relying on the in situ seed bank, considerations should be given to what species are used in the seed mix, what species are already present in the soil seed bank, and other details of the circumstances of herbicide application.
Figure 1 in Sensitivity to salinity at the emergence and seedling stages of barnyardgrass (EchinochloQ crus-gQlli), weedy rice (OryzQ sQtivQ), and rice with different tolerances to ALS-inhibiting herbicides
Figure 1. Dose–response emergence curve with the average data points of the different Echinochloa crus-galli populations against the salt concentration. Curve parameter estimates (Equation 1): s1 (b = 1.94, d = 55.85, e = 287.76), s2 (b = 1.52, d = 89.91, e = 222.71), s3 (b = 1.13, d = 89.91, e = 282.58), r1(b = 3.96, d = 67.67, e = 196.55), r2 (b = 6.85, d = 94.64, e = 123.58). The salt concentration required to reduce emergence by 50% (EC50) is shown below the graph. Only the significant pairwise comparisons between EC50 (SI index) are shown (Equation 2).
Figure 2 in Sensitivity to salinity at the emergence and seedling stages of barnyardgrass (EchinochloQ crus-gQlli), weedy rice (OryzQ sQtivQ), and rice with different tolerances to ALS-inhibiting herbicides
Figure 2. Dose–response emergence curve with the average data points of the different Oryza sativa (weedy rice) populations and rice varieties against the salt concentration. Curve parameter estimates (Equation 1): wr1 (b = 9.40, d = 87.14, e = 195.80), wr2 (b = 9.40, d = 87.14, e = 160.19), wr3 (b = 8.49, d = 89.73, e = 173.01), Baldo (b = 4.81, d = 87.12, e = 146.49), CL80 (b = 3.08, d = 60.89, e = 140.04). The salt concentration required to reduce the emergence by 50% (EC50) and the significant pairwise comparisons between EC50 (SI index) are shown below the graph (Equation 2).
Data from: Developing extruded seed pellets to overcome soil hydrophobicity and seedling emergence barriers
<p>Globally soil water repellency is a major constraint to plant establishment, restricting water infiltration and moisture retention in the seed zone, resulting in poor germination and seedling emergence.</p> <p>To address this problem within an ecosystem restoration context, we investigated the use of a surfactant in extruded seed pellets to improve native plant recruitment in water repellent topsoils of two proteaceous woodland species, <i>Banksia menziesii </i>R.Br (glasshouse trial) and <i>Lambertia inermis </i>R.Br (field trial). In this two-part study, we first examined <i>B. menziesii </i>seedling performance in detail under glasshouse conditions for differences in survival between the extruded pelleting formulations after an induced drought at 12 weeks.</p> <p>We demonstrated that there was no difference in seedling emergence, amongst control seed and pellet treatments in <i>B. menziesii</i>. Initially <i>B. menziesii </i>seedlings emerged faster in the control treatment (non-pelleted control seeds) and had greater initial plant growth (leaf and root production), however by week 12, seedlings generated from pellets were not significantly different from the control seeds, and pellets + surfactant had the greatest number of leaf establishment.</p> <p>Survival after drought of <i>B. menziesii </i>seedlings ranged from 14 to 31 days with pellet + surfactant surviving approximately 2.6 days (11.8%) longer than the control seeds. For the second species, <i>L. inermis</i>,<i> </i>seedling emergence under field conditions was approximately 24% greater in seedlings derived from extruded pellets, however there was no difference in overall survival due to post-emergence predation.</p> <p>This study provides a proof of concept that seedling emergence in water repellent soils can be enhanced with extruded pellets containing surfactants. Our demonstration under <i>in situ</i> and <i>ex situ</i> conditions confirms the prospective use of seed enhancement technologies with future development and field-testing warranted.</p>
Amplified drought induced by climate change reduces seedling emergence and increases seedling mortality for two Mediterranean perennial herbs
<div>Seedling recruitment is a bottleneck for population dynamics and range shift. The vital rates linked to recruitment by seed are impacted by amplified drought induced by climate change. In the Mediterranean region, autumn and winter seedling emergence and mortality may have strong impact on the overall seedling recruitment. However, studies focussing on the temporal dynamic of recruitment during these seasons are rare.</div> <div> </div> <div>This study was performed in a deciduous Mediterranean oak forest located in southern France and quantifies the impact of amplified drought conditions on autumn and winter seedling emergence and seedling mortality rates of two herbaceous plant species with meso-Mediterranean and supra-Mediterranean distribution (respectively, <em>Silene italica</em> and <em>S. nutans</em>). Seedlings were followed from October 2019 to May 2020 in both undisturbed and disturbed plots where the litter and the aboveground biomass has been removed to create open microsites.</div> <div> </div> <div>Amplified drought conditions reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality for both <em>Silene </em>species but these negative effects were dependent on soil disturbance conditions. Emergence of <em>S. italica</em> decreased only in undisturbed plots (-7%) whereas emergence of <em>S. nutans </em>decreased only in disturbed plots (-10%) under amplified drought conditions. The seedling mortality rate of <em>S. italica </em>was 51% higher under amplified drought conditions in undisturbed plots while that of <em>S. nutans</em> was 38% higher in disturbed plots.</div> <div> </div> <div>Aridification due to lower precipitation in the Mediterranean region will negatively impact the seedling recruitment of these two <em>Silene </em>species. Climate change effects on early vital rates may likely have major negative impacts on the overall population dynamic.</div>
Data from: Early emergence increases survival of tree seedlings in Central European temperate forests despite severe late frost
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Data from: Anatomical and hydraulic responses to desiccation in emergent conifer seedlings
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Data from: Developing extruded seed pellets to overcome soil hydrophobicity and seedling emergence barriers
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Amplified drought induced by climate change reduces seedling emergence and increases seedling mortality for two Mediterranean perennial herbs
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Data from: Seasonal flooding, topography, and organic debris interact to influence the emergence and distribution of seedlings in a tropical grassland
In seasonally flooded wetlands, natural disturbances such as flooding and associated organic debris deposition followed by a drawdown period provide various opportunities for plant species regeneration, which can promote plant community diversity across space and time. Specifically, regeneration may be influenced by the direct effect of flooding on seed dispersal and seedling emergence as well as the indirect effect of organic debris on seed trapping and germination. Our objective was to examine the influence of seasonal flooding, topography, and cover of organic debris on seedling distribution in seasonally flooded grassland of the Pantanal. We measured species richness and abundance of seedlings for three years at three topographic levels with variable coverage of organic debris at the end of the flood season, and during the dry season when there was no debris deposition. A total of 43 species were recorded with no difference in species richness between immediate post-flood and dry seasons. However, the abundance of some species was higher post-flood than during the dry period. The distribution of seedlings differed between topographic levels post-flood with the greatest seedling abundance and richness occurring at the medium level, followed by the high and finally the low level, this was due to the higher concentration of organic debris in the low-level. Our results indicate that areas with predictable annual floods promote the individual species adaptation for successful regeneration.
Temporal patterns of forest seedling emergence across different disturbance histories data
<p>Forest ecosystems experience a myriad of natural and anthropogenic disturbances that shape ecological communities. Seedling emergence is a critical, preliminary stage in the recovery of forests post-disturbance and is triggered by a series of abiotic and biotic changes. However, the long-term influence of different disturbance histories on patterns of seedling emergence is poorly understood.</p> <p>Here, we address this research gap by using an 11-year dataset gathered between 2009 and 2020 to quantify the influence of different histories of natural (wildfire) and anthropogenic (clearcut and post-fire salvage logging) disturbances on emerging seedlings in early successional Mountain Ash forests in south-eastern Australia. We also describe patterns of seedling emergence across older successional forests varying in stand age (stands that regenerated in <1900s, 1939, 1970-90 and 2007-11).</p> <p>Seedling emergence was highest in the first three years post-disturbance. Stand age and disturbance history significantly influenced the composition and abundance of plant seedlings. Specifically, in salvage logged forests, plant seedlings were the most different from similarly aged forests with other disturbance histories. For instance, relative to clearcut and unlogged, burnt forests of the same age, salvage logging had the lowest overall richness, the lowest counts of <i>Acacia </i>seedlings, and an absence of common species including <i>Acacia obliquinervia, Acacia frigescens, Cassinia arcuealta, Olearia argophylla, Pimelea axiflora, Polyscias sambucifolia </i>and <i>Prosanthera melissifolia</i> over the survey period.</p> <p><i>Synthesis:</i> Our findings provide important new insights into the influence of different disturbance histories on regenerating forests and can help predict plant community responses to future disturbances, which may influence forest recovery under altered disturbance regimes.</p>
Data from: Increasing the germination envelope under water stress improves seedling emergence in two dominant grass species across different pulse rainfall events
1. Demographic recruitment processes, such as seed germination and seedling emergence, are critical transitional phases to the re-establishment of degraded plant populations, but often fail due to rainfall not supporting plant requirements. Using species from the widespread arid Australian perennial grass genus Triodia, we investigated the interactions of seeds in different dormancy states and their functional germination envelope in response to water stress after simulated pulse rainfall events. 2. Seed dormancy was alleviated in Triodia species to varying degrees by wet/ dry cycling or by removing floret structures from seeds. The seeds were then exposed to different rainfall frequency and quantity events mimicking the 25th, median, 75th and 95th percentile rainfall events found in natural habitats for the study species in the north-west Australian arid zone. 3. Under 95th percentile rainfall conditions recruitment was highest, but still limited to 35% germination and 10% emergence of cleaned seeds (i.e. the least dormant state evaluated). This was related to the functional germination envelope as indicated by more negative base water potential thresholds (Ψb50) for cleaned seeds (≥ -0.33 MPa) compared to intact florets (≥ -0.26 MPa). As a result the maximum cumulative time where soil water potentials were optimal for germination (Ψsoil ≥ Ψb50) were 1.6–2.6 times longer for cleaned seeds in large frequent rainfall events when compared to intact florets. Furthermore, seed dormancy, that usually prolongs seed survival, was linked to a short-term reduction in seed viability, which may further reduce recruitment rates. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings indicate that large frequent rainfall events raised soil water potentials above critical thresholds for germination and are important for successful plant establishment. If recruitment bottlenecks are a result of seed dormancy and variable rainfall for arid grass species, then this study shows benefits for alleviating seed dormancy prior to seeding in restoration sites, as this increases the environmental envelope for germination.
Temporal patterns of forest seedling emergence across different disturbance histories data
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Data from: Seasonal flooding, topography, and organic debris interact to influence the emergence and distribution of seedlings in a tropical grassland
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Increasing the germination envelope under water stress improves seedling emergence in two dominant grass species across different pulse rainfall events
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE. Habit and habitat of C. spongifolia. A. Single plant ca. 1 m tall, on road bank, at 962 m elevation. B. Scatter of adult plants (arrow heads) in upper area of a recent slip face, above road, at 676 m. C. Plants collected from roadside at 854 m; blades pale, milky-green on underside. D. Same site as B, with young seedling emerging from a bed of moss and liverwort. Photos: PJM. in Colocasia spongifolia sp. nov. (Araceae) in southern China and central Vietnam
FIGURE. Habit and habitat of C. spongifolia. A. Single plant ca. 1 m tall, on road bank, at 962 m elevation. B. Scatter of adult plants (arrow heads) in upper area of a recent slip face, above road, at 676 m. C. Plants collected from roadside at 854 m; blades pale, milky-green on underside. D. Same site as B, with young seedling emerging from a bed of moss and liverwort. Photos: PJM.
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