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14 results for “seedling mortality”
Data from: Negative density dependence in the mortality and growth of tropical tree seedlings is strong, and primarily caused by fungal pathogens
<ol> <li class="Body">Natural enemies have been implicated as agents of negative density dependence (NDD) in tropical forests, but their relative contributions to NDD, and thus to the maintenance of diversity, are largely unknown.</li> <li class="Body">We monitored the rates of survival and relative growth rates on seedlings for ten years in tropical moist forest in Manu National Park, Peru. We then experimentally manipulated the plots to exclude fungal pathogens, insects, small mammals, and large mammals for an additional 31 months to assess the influence of these natural enemies on density-dependent interactions among tropical seedlings.</li> <li class="Body">Fungal pathogens made the most important contribution to negative density dependence. The application of fungicide led to lower mortality rates, faster growth rates, and decreased species diversity. Other taxa of natural enemies had at most minor effects on seedling performance.</li> <li class="Body"> <i>Synthesis. </i>We conclude that fungal pathogens are the strongest contributors to the widely observed NDD that occurs among seedlings. Moreover, the presence of fungal pathogens augments the species diversity of seedlings, indicating their critical contribution to the maintenance of species coexistence and the structure of tropical tree communities.</li> </ol>
Data from: Distance-dependent seedling mortality and long-term spacing dynamics in a neotropical forest community
Negative distance dependence (NDisD), or reduced recruitment near adult conspecifics, is thought to explain the astounding diversity of tropical forests. While many studies show greater mortality at near vs. far distances from adults, these studies do not seek to track changes in the peak seedling curve over time, thus limiting our ability to link NDisD to coexistence. Using census data collected over 12 years from central Panama in conjunction with spatial mark-connection functions, we show evidence for NDisD for many species, and find that the peak seedling curve shifts away from conspecific adults over time. We find wide variation in the strength of NDisD, which was correlated with seed size and canopy position, but other life-history traits showed no relationship with variation in NDisD mortality. Our results document shifts in peak seedling densities over time, thus providing evidence for the hypothesized spacing mechanism necessary for diversity maintenance in tropical forests.
Data from: Distance-dependent seedling mortality and long-term spacing dynamics in a neotropical forest community
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Data from: Negative density dependence in the mortality and growth of tropical tree seedlings is strong, and primarily caused by fungal pathogens
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Exploring the role of genetic diversity and relatedness in tree seedling growth and mortality: a multi‐species study in a Bornean rain forest
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Amplified drought induced by climate change reduces seedling emergence and increases seedling mortality for two Mediterranean perennial herbs
<div>Seedling recruitment is a bottleneck for population dynamics and range shift. The vital rates linked to recruitment by seed are impacted by amplified drought induced by climate change. In the Mediterranean region, autumn and winter seedling emergence and mortality may have strong impact on the overall seedling recruitment. However, studies focussing on the temporal dynamic of recruitment during these seasons are rare.</div> <div> </div> <div>This study was performed in a deciduous Mediterranean oak forest located in southern France and quantifies the impact of amplified drought conditions on autumn and winter seedling emergence and seedling mortality rates of two herbaceous plant species with meso-Mediterranean and supra-Mediterranean distribution (respectively, <em>Silene italica</em> and <em>S. nutans</em>). Seedlings were followed from October 2019 to May 2020 in both undisturbed and disturbed plots where the litter and the aboveground biomass has been removed to create open microsites.</div> <div> </div> <div>Amplified drought conditions reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality for both <em>Silene </em>species but these negative effects were dependent on soil disturbance conditions. Emergence of <em>S. italica</em> decreased only in undisturbed plots (-7%) whereas emergence of <em>S. nutans </em>decreased only in disturbed plots (-10%) under amplified drought conditions. The seedling mortality rate of <em>S. italica </em>was 51% higher under amplified drought conditions in undisturbed plots while that of <em>S. nutans</em> was 38% higher in disturbed plots.</div> <div> </div> <div>Aridification due to lower precipitation in the Mediterranean region will negatively impact the seedling recruitment of these two <em>Silene </em>species. Climate change effects on early vital rates may likely have major negative impacts on the overall population dynamic.</div>
Amplified drought induced by climate change reduces seedling emergence and increases seedling mortality for two Mediterranean perennial herbs
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Data from: Limited contributions of plant pathogens to density-dependent seedling mortality of mast fruiting Bornean trees
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Effects of insect herbivory on seedling mortality in restored and remnant tropical forest
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Which enemies mediate distance- and density-dependent mortality of tree seeds and seedlings? A meta-analysis of fungicide, insecticide, and exclosure studies
<p>Conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence is believed to be one of the most important mechanisms controlling forest community assembly and species diversity globally. SoilPlant pathogens, and insect and mammalian herbivores, are the most common natural enemy types that have been implicated in this phenomenon, but their relative importancegeneral effects at different plant life stages isare still unclear. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of studies that involved robust manipulative experiments, using fungicides, insecticides, and exclosures, to assess the contributions of different natural enemy types to distance- and density-dependent effects at seed and seedling stages. We found that natural enemies cause stronger distance- and density-dependent mortality caused by natural enemies was most likely at the seedling stage than the seed stage. Fungicide treatments can change significantand was greater at higher mean annual temperatures. Seedling mortality was significantly weakened when fungi were removed. By contrast, negative distance- and density-dependent mortality to non-significance at the seedling stage. Negative conspecific distance- and density-dependence is not a general pattern at the seed stage. High seed mass reduced distance- and density-dependent mortality. Seed studies excluding only large mammals found significant negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality, but exclusion of all mammals resulted in a non-significant mortality.effect of conspecifics. Our study suggests that soilplant pathogens are a major cause of distance- and density-dependent mortality at the seedling stage, althoughwhile the impacts of herbivores on seedlings have been understudied. At the seed stage, large and small mammals respectively weaken and enhance negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality. Future research should identify specific agents of mortality, investigate the interactions among different enemy types, and assess how global change drivers may affect the dynamics of natural enemies and thus influence the strength of conspecific distance- and density-dependence.</p>
Data from: The role of transcriptomes linked with responses to light environment on seedling mortality in a subtropical forest, China
Differences in seedling survival in trees have a lasting imprint on seedling, juvenile and adult community structure. Identifying the drivers of these differences, therefore, is a critical research objective that ultimately requires knowledge regarding how organismal function interacts with the local environment to influence survival rates. In tree communities, differences in light use strategies are frequently invoked to explain differences in seedling demographic performance through growth and survival trade-offs. For example, shade-tolerant species grow slowly and have higher survival rates, whereas shade-intolerant species grow quickly but have lower survival rates. Thus, functional traits related to photosynthesis should be strong predictors of demographic rates, but results in the literature are mixed indicating that additional or alternative information regarding organismal function should be considered. Here, we provide a community-wide inventory of transcriptomes in a subtropical tree community. This information is utilized to determine the degree to which species share homologous genes related to gene ontologies for light use and harvesting. These species similarities are used in neighbourhood generalized linear mixed-effects models of seedling survival that evaluated seedling survival as a function of the transcriptomic, functional trait and phylogenetic composition of the local neighbourhood. The results show neighbourhood similarity in three of the 15 gene ontologies evaluated are significantly related to survival rates based on neighbourhood composition. For two of these ontologies, survival rates increase when neighbours are similar in their gene tree composition indicating the importance of abiotic filtering and performance hierarchies. Synthesis. The present work takes a novel approach by sequencing the transcriptomes of naturally co-occurring tree species in a subtropical forest in China. The results show that the transcriptomic similarity of species is a significant predictor of differential survival. The study demonstrates that exploring the functional genomic similarity of non-model species in nature has the potential to increase the breadth and depth of our understanding of how gene function influences species co-occurrence and population dynamics in communities.
Data from: The role of transcriptomes linked with responses to light environment on seedling mortality in a subtropical forest, China
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Which enemies mediate distance- and density-dependent mortality of tree seeds and seedlings? A meta-analysis of fungicide, insecticide, and exclosure studies
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Data from: Multiple natural enemies cause distance-dependent mortality at the seed-to-seedling transition
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