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55 results for “seedling survival”
Soil Microbial Community Effects on Quercus Rubra Seedling Survival at Harvard Forest 2016-2017
Feedbacks between plants and their soil microbial communities often drive negative density dependence in tropical forests, but their importance for tree demographics in temperate forests remains unclear. Additionally, the relative contribution of intraspecific seedling competition and soil pathogens to density-dependent patterns has rarely been assessed. We assessed how the soil microbial community influenced Quercus rubra seedling survival by growing seedlings in a greenhouse inoculated with soil collected from beneath conspecific and heterospecific mature trees. We found that seedlings grown with soil from beneath conspecific adults had a higher mortality rate than seedlings grown with soil from beneath heterospecific adults; therefore adult plant-soil feedbacks decrease seedling survival in Q. rubra.
Grass seedling survival and microhabitat vegetation cover among herbivore exclusion treatments across grassland-shrubland ecotones at 3 sites, 2022 and 2023
The aim of this study is to reveal how mammalian herbivores differentially affect the survival of grass seedlings depending on herbivore taxa (cattle, oryx, lagomorphs, rodents) and microhabitat vegetation structure surrounding grass seedlings. This dataset includes data tracking the survival of grass seedlings among herbivore exclusion treatments across grassland, ecotone, and shrubland habitats. Seedling survival trials were established at 3 spatial blocks associated with the Ecotone Study: JER Pastures 9 and 12, and CDRRC Pasture 3. Survival trials were conducted on Pasture 12 in 2022, and on Pastures 3, 9, and 12 in 2023. Each spatial block contained 3 sites (grassland, ecotone, shrubland) that were further subdivided into 5 replicate plots (n = 45 plots). Two trays (1 control open to all herbivores, 1 caged allowing only rodent access) of 25 seedlings each were buried at ground level at each plot and their condition (i.e., alive & undamaged, alive & herbivore damaged, senesced or absent via herbivory, senesced due to environmental stress, resprouted following herbivory, unknown fate, or herbivory following senescence) recorded every 3 days for a total of 15 days. Microhabitat vegetation cover surrounding the seedling trays was collected using ocular estimates of cover across plant functional types (e.g., perennial grasses, forbs, sub-shrubs, shrubs, etc.) within 1 square-meter PVC quadrats placed on both the east and west face of seedling trays established in the field. Maximum height of vegetative (non-reproductive) plant tissue of each functional type was additionally recorded to gauge the level of grass seedling concealment.
Alaska 2004 Burns: Growth and survival of tree seedlings in post-fire experimental transplant study across 39 sites
This dataset contains measurements of tree seedlings growth for an experimental transplant study started in 2005 at sites that burned in 2004 in interior Alaska. Records are from a set of 39 intensive study sites that were formerly dominated by black spruce along the Steese, Taylor, and Dalton highways. Seedlings were monitored for 10 years, with detailed measurements in 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013, and 2015. Aboveground biomass was harvested in 2011.
Data from: Ability of seedlings to survive heat and drought portends future demographic challenges for five southwestern US conifers
<p>Climate change and disturbance are altering forests and the rates and locations of tree regeneration. We examined seedling survival of five southwestern United States (US) conifer species found in warmer and drier woodlands (<em>Pinus edulis</em>, <em>P. ponderosa</em>) and cooler and wetter subalpine forests (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>, <em>Abies concolor</em>, and <em>Picea engelmanii</em>) under hot and dry conditions in incubators. We constructed models that explained 53% to 76% of the species-specific survival variability, then applied these to recent climate (1980-2019) and projected climate (1980-2099) for the southwestern US. We found that lower elevations within species' range would have low survival under projected climate and that range contraction would be greatest for species that currently occupy warm-dry conditions. These results demonstrate that empirically derived physiological limitations can be used to identify where species composition or vegetation type change are likely to occur in the southwest US.</p>
Drought stress triggers differential survival and functional trait responses in the establishment of Arnica montana seedlings
<ul> <li>The establishment and survival of seedlings are critical stages in the life cycle of plants and therefore usually well timed to humid and favourable conditions. Climate projections suggest that the threatened mountain grassland species <em>Arnica montana</em> may be increasingly exposed to drought stress. However, studies that focus on the species’ early development are missing. We evaluated impacts of drought-induced stress on <em>A. montana</em> seedlings in their early establishment phase and identified traits for the species’ fitness decline.</li> <li>In a greenhouse experiment, we tested the response of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings to different drought levels (moderate, strong, extreme). To assess their fitness under increasing drought, we evaluated the survival of the seedlings based on four senescence stages and measured the performance of above- and belowground morphological and physiological functional traits.</li> <li><em>Arnica montana</em> seedlings showed high resistance to drought. Senescence accelerated and survival declined only under strong and extreme drought conditions. However, the seedlings’ vegetative performance decreased even with moderate drought, as indicated by smaller values of most leaf traits and some root traits. Physiological trait response was less sensitive.</li> <li>Drought stress hinders the establishment and survival of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings. Following the functional trait responses to drought and their associations with survival, we suggest declining leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number as sensitive traits that can lead to a decline performance.</li> </ul>
Effects of nurse shrubs and biochar on planted conifer seedling survival and growth in a high-severity burn patch in New Mexico, USA
<p>The synergistic effects of widespread high-severity wildfire and anthropogenic climate change are driving large-scale vegetation conversion. In the southwestern United States, areas that were once dominated by conifer forests are now shrub- or grasslands after high-severity wildfire, an ecosystem conversion that could be permanent without human intervention. Yet, the reforestation of these landscapes is rarely successful, with a mean planted seedling survival of just 25 %. Given these low rates, we carried out a planting experiment to quantify the impacts of biochar as a soil amendment and shrubs as nurse plants on planted conifer seedling survival and growth following high-severity wildfire. We planted 1200 seedlings of three species (<em>Pinus</em> <em>ponderosa</em>, <em>P. strobiformis</em>, and <em>Pseudotsuga</em> <em>menziesii</em>) in a 2-ha area within the footprint of the Las Conchas fire in New Mexico, USA. We used four treatments: under shrubs, or in the open and with or without biochar in a full-factorial design. We found that planting tree seedlings underneath shrubs increased tree seedling survival by 46 % after 3 years, with some marginal evidence that shrubs inhibited seedling diameter growth (mean <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.08). The addition of biochar increased seedling survival by 11 % but had no effect on seedling growth. Our study suggests that planted seedling survival in post-wildfire areas can be increased by planting under shrubs in soil amended with biochar. The widespread adoption of these methods may improve the success rates of post-wildfire reforestation efforts in semi-arid areas, regaining some of the ecosystem services lost to high-severity wildfire.</p>
Data from: Ability of seedlings to survive heat and drought portends future demographic challenges for five southwestern US conifers
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Effects of nurse shrubs and biochar on planted conifer seedling survival and growth in a high-severity burn patch in New Mexico, USA
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Datasets for microsatellite genotype for natural populations and seedlings from six mother trees, and seedling survival and growth records
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Growth and survival of seedlings of 14 species of lowland rainforest trees planted in the La Guaria Annex (Canada Plot) of La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, in 1986 and measured every six months or every year until 1992 (Part 1 of 2)
During the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, Costa Rica’s old growth forests were being cut to clear land for cattle pastures and large-scale agriculture. Timber concessions were also growing pine, gmelina, and other non-native trees for harvesting. The Costa Rican government was developing plans for a reforestation program and for a Payment for Environmental Services program to combat forest loss. At this time there were no data available on the growth of native trees species. The TRIALS project (starting with the CANADA Plot) was designed by OTS (Organization for Tropical Studies) and the DGF (Dirección General Forestal) to measure the growth and survival of native tree seedlings planted on abandoned pasture lands at the La Selva Biological Station. Data from these seedlings formed the basis of the reforestation law and the Payments of Ecosystem Services (PES) plan and this model was replicated in many other areas of Costa Rica.
Growth and survival of seedlings of 14 species of lowland rainforest trees planted in the La Guaria Annex (Canada Plot) of La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, in 1986 and measured every six months or every year until 1992 (Part 2 of 2)
During the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, Costa Rica’s old growth forests were being cut to clear land for cattle pastures and large-scale agriculture. Timber concessions were also growing pine, gmelina, and other non-native trees for harvesting. The Costa Rican government was developing plans for a reforestation program and for a Payment for Environmental Services program to combat forest loss. At this time there were no data available on the growth of native trees species. The TRIALS project (starting with the CANADA Plot) was designed by OTS (Organization for Tropical Studies) and the DGF (Dirección General Forestal) to measure the growth and survival of native tree seedlings planted on abandoned pasture lands at the La Selva Biological Station. Data from these seedlings formed the basis of the reforestation law and the Payments of Ecosystem Services (PES) plan and this model was replicated in many other areas of Costa Rica.
Outplanted seedling survival, height and biomass at Finger Mountain and the Anaktuvuk River Fire.
This dataset contains seedling survivorship, height, foliar and stem biomass for Picea mariana, Picea glauca, Alnus viridis, and Betula neo-alaskana seedlings inoculated with root-associated fungal communities and outplanted at Finger Mountain and the Anaktuvuk River Fire burn scars.
Measures of germination and seedling survival for Prosartes lanuginosa, Maianthemum racemosa, and Melampyrum lineareae in the French Broad Watershed, 2009-2011
We asked how performance and population dynamics of the temperate forest herb Prosartes lanuginosa differed between recently logged (20-40 years ago) and old (>90 years) logged forests in the Southern Appalachians, USA. We conducted a seed sowing experiment to determine whether germination and establishment differed with stand age. Germination and performance of individual seedlings was monitored over three years across 20 forest stands.
Tree seedling functional traits mediate plant-soil feedback survival responses across a gradient of light availability
<p>Though not often examined together, both plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) and functional traits have important influences on plant community dynamics and could interact. For example, seedling functional traits could impact seedling survivorship responses to soils cultured by conspecific versus heterospecific adults. Furthermore, levels of functional traits could vary with soil culturing source. In addition, these relationships might shift with light availability, which can affect trait values, microbe abundance, and whether mycorrhizal colonization is mutualistic or parasitic to seedlings.</p> <p>To determine the extent to which functional traits mediate PSFs via seedling survival, we conducted a field experiment. We planted seedlings of four temperate tree species across a gradient of light availability and into soil cores collected beneath conspecific (sterilized and live) and heterospecific adults. We monitored seedling survival twice per week over one growing season, and we randomly selected subsets of seedlings to measure mycorrhizal colonization and phenolics, lignin, and NSC levels at three weeks.</p> <p>Though evidence for PSFs was limited, <em>Acer saccharum</em> seedlings exhibited positive PSFs (i.e., higher survival in conspecific than heterospecific soils). In addition, soil microbes had a negative effect on <em>A. saccharum</em> and <em>Prunus serotina</em> seedling survival, with reduced survival in live versus sterilized conspecific soil. In general, we found higher trait values (measured amounts of a given trait) in conspecific than heterospecific soils and higher light availability. Additionally, <em>A. saccharum</em> survival increased with higher levels of phenolics, which were higher in conspecific soils and high light.<em> Quercus alba</em> survival decreased with higher AMF colonization.</p> <p>We demonstrate that functional trait values in seedlings as young as three weeks vary in response to soil source and light availability. Moreover, seedling survivorship was associated with trait values for two species, despite both drought and heavy rainfall during the growing season that may have obscured survivorship-trait relationships. These results suggest that seedling traits could have an important role in mediating the effects of local soil source and light levels on seedling survivorship and thus plant traits could have an important role in PSFs.</p>
Data from: Release from aboveground enemies increases seedling survival in grasslands
<p>Plant enemies can influence plant community assembly and structure. However, it is unclear how insect herbivores and fungal pathogens affect seedling recruitment. Complex interactions with competition and resource availability make it difficult to isolate the effect of enemies. This uncertainty can impede understanding of community assembly drivers, species coexistence, and trophic interactions; and limits hypothesis testing such as the enemy release hypothesis, a key hypothesis in invasion biology. Using a novel species-specific approach, we examine how enemies affect seedling survival and recruitment of 16 grassland species.</p> <p>We planted seedlings of 16 native species from two functional groups (C4 grasses and non-legume forbs) into two grassland sites (early and mid succession). We hand-painted 1,548 individual seedlings with pesticides (insecticide and fungicide) over the course of one growing season to enforce aboveground species-specific release from enemies, and tested whether it enhanced survival relative to untreated controls. Applying treatments to individuals allowed us to test for the effect of enemies on plant performance while controlling for contexts such as competition from the resident community and resource levels.</p> <p>Release from insects increased seedling survival by 56% on average, with no additional benefit of release from fungal pathogens. This effect was observed for both forbs and C4 grasses across both sites, and was strongest in resource-acquisitive species. There was no effect of the mean phylogenetic distance between our target species and the resident plant community, or of light availability or soil moisture.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. The significant positive effect of release from insect herbivores on survival early in colonisation – a trend that held across functional groups and types of resident communities – suggests insects play an important regulatory role in community assembly, especially for resource-acquisitive species. As variation between species could be explained by traits but not by phylogeny, we emphasise the importance of trait-based approaches to plant community ecology. Our results also support the key mechanism (increased performance following release from enemies) underlying the enemy release hypothesis. Enemy release may therefore aid initial recruitment of plants during the invasion process.</p>
Supporting data for: Post-fire early successional vegetation buffers surface microclimate and increases survival of planted conifer seedlings in the southwestern United States
<p>Climate change and fire-exclusion have increased the flammability of western US forests, leading to forest cover loss when wildfires occur under severe weather conditions. Increasingly large high-severity burn patches are a limitation to natural regeneration because of dispersal distance, increasing the chance that these areas are converted to non-forest. Post-fire planting can overcome dispersal limitations, yet warmer and drier post-fire conditions can still limit survival. Early successional vegetation can alter surface microclimate; however, it is unclear whether this is enough to increase planted seedling survival in southwestern US forests. Here we examined how two shrub species of different canopy density would affect survival rates of planted tree seedlings following a high-severity fire in northern New Mexico. We expected that shrubs with a higher density canopy (Gambel oak) would have a greater effect on buffering below-shrub climate than shrubs with a lower density canopy (New Mexico locust) and seedlings planted under Gambel oak would have higher survival rates. We found that seedlings planted under Gambel oak had survival rates approximately 10% to 35% greater than those planted under New Mexico locust. The higher light availability beneath New Mexico locust corresponded to higher temperatures, lower humidity, and higher VPD, which impacted the mortality of planted tree seedlings. These results suggest that by waiting for post-fire shrub establishment, shrubs can be leveraged to buffer microclimate and increase post-fire planting success in the southwestern US.</p>
Performances (survival and growth) and functional traits of tree seedlings along light and water gradients
<p>A foundational assumption of trait-based ecology is that individual performances should be predicted by its functional traits. However, the trait-performance relationships reported in literature were typically weak, probably due to the ignorance of interactions between traits and environments, intraspecific trait variability and hard traits (directly linked to physiological processes of interest). We conducted an experiment of planting 900 seedlings of six tree species separately (one seedling per pot) along experimentally manipulated light and water gradients, monitored their survival and growth, and measured their morphological, photosynthetic and hydraulic traits. Most trait-performance relationships depended on the environments, either marginally changing (weak trait × environment interaction) or even reversing (strong trait × environment interaction) along light or water gradients in our experiment. Such trait × environment interactions were more likely to be detected in growth models using individual-level traits than models using species mean traits, but seedling growth was not better modelled with individual-level traits than species mean traits. Additionally, none of the hard traits (photosynthetic and hydraulic traits) were better predictors than soft traits (morphological traits) modeling seedling growth and survival along light and water gradients. Our study highlights the necessities of considering trait × environment interactions when predicting response of plants to changing environments. The benefits of using individual-level traits or hard traits to predict plant performance might be reduced or even cancelled if their measurement errors are not well controlled.</p>
Spatial aggregation and seedling survival of the Borneo Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
<b>Description: </b><p>This dataset was collected by the Imperial College London MRes Tropical Forest Ecology Field Course as a group project in Maliau Basin. Fieldwork was carried out on 29 Jan - 1 Feb 2018. A 4-ha plot was set up to assess the spatial aggregation of the Borneo Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri, local name Belian) and seedling survival. All trees with DBH >1cm were mapped with XY coordinate rounded to nearest 1m. DBH class was rounded down to the nearest 10cm, e.g. size 10, 20, 30 etc. Size class 1 refers to trees with DBH between 1 and 10cm. A swamp area on the north and northeast of ~1-ha was not assessible hence data defficient, but as Belian is not known to growth in water logged conditions the species was presumed to be absent in this swamp area. Belian seedlings were surveyed in 540 5x5m subplots in the centre zone of the 4-ha plot. In each seedling plot, healthy and damaged (primarily herbivory damage by mammals, defined as damaged when top shoot, i.e. apical meristem, was missing). Other variables recorded in seedling plots include slope angle and ground vegetation cover.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/152"><b>MRes Tropical Forest Ecology Field Course</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>Natural Environment Research Council (Directed grant, NE/P00363X/1, <a href="https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP00363X%2F1">https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP00363X%2F1</a>)</li><li>Imperial College London (MRes Tropical Forest Ecology field course program)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=277">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: Belian_data_for_SAFE_upload_LQ_10Jan_2019.xlsx</p><p><b>Belian_data_for_SAFE_upload_LQ_10Jan_2019.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Belian tree coordinates</b> (described in worksheet Belian trees)</p><p>Description: All trees with DBH >1cm were mapped in a 4-ha plot with XY coordinate rounded to nearest 1m. Each row corresponds to a Belian tree. DBH class was rounded down to the nearest 10cm, e.g. size 10, 20, 30 etc. Size class 1 refers to trees with DBH between 1 and 10cm. A swamp area on the north and northeast of ~1-ha was not assessible hence data defficient, but as Belian is not known to growth in water logged conditions the species was presumed to be absent in this swamp area.</p><p>Number of fields: 9</p><p>Number of data rows: 91</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>X10</b>: X coordinate of the southwest corner of 10x10 m subplot (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Y10</b>: Y coordinate of the southwest corner of 10x10 m subplot (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>X</b>: X coordinate within the 10x10m subplot (local X) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Y</b>: Y coordinate within the 10x10m subplot (local Y) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>class</b>: DBH rounded down to the nearest 10cm, e.g. size class 10, 20, 30 etc. Size class 1 refers to trees with DBH between 1 and 10cm (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>remark</b>: remark on whether tree is a resprout from the base of an older tree and other tree condition information (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>collected_by</b>: members of field teams: 4 groups of 4 students each (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>X_coord</b>: X coordinate within the 4-ha plot (global X) (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Y_coord</b>: Y coordinate within the 4-ha plot (global Y) (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Belian seedling plots</b> (described in worksheet Belian seedlings)</p><p>Description: Belian seedlings were surveyed in 540 5x5m subplots in the centre zone of the 4-ha plot. Each row corresponds to a seedling plot. In each seedling plot, healthy and damaged (primarily herbivory damage by mammals, defined as damaged when top shoot, i.e. apical meristem, was missing). Other variables recorded in seedling plots include slope angle and ground vegetation cover.</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 540</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>X10</b>: X coordinate of the southwest corner of 10x10 m subplot (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Y10</b>: Y coordinate of the southwest corner of 10x10 m subplot (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>healthy</b>: count of healthy Belian seedlings within 5x5m plot. "healthy" is defined as opposed to "damaged" (see next data column) (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>damaged</b>: count of damaged Belian seedlings within 5x5m plot. "damaged" is defined as when a seedling suffered severe herbivory damage (including dead seedlings) with the apical meristem entirely missing (eaten by mammals) (Field type: Abundance)</li><li><b>slope</b>: mean slope angle for each seedling subplot, a measure of habitat topography (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>veg_cover</b>: ground vegetation cover for each subplot, a measure of habitat and interspecific competition (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>cache</b>: when seedlings occur in dense clusters especially under fallen tree or in buttress crevices, this may indicate they were deposited there by rodents, i.e. caching (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>remark</b>: remark on habitat. seedling plots on footpath or water should be excluded from data analysis (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>collected_by</b>: members of field teams: 4 groups of 4 students each (Field type: Comments)</li><li><b>total</b>: total number of Belian seedlings (Field type: Abundance)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2018-01-29 to 2018-02-01</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.7383 to 4.7383</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9713 to 116.9713</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Plantae<br> - Tracheophyta<br> -  - Magnoliopsida<br> -  -  - Laurales<br> -  -  -  - Lauraceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Eusideroxylon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Eusideroxylon zwageri</i><br></div><p></p>
Data and code from: Spring phenological escape is critical for the survival of temperate tree seedlings
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Data from: Look to seedling heights, rather than functional traits, to explain survival during extreme heat stress in the early stages of subtropical rainforest restoration
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