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64 results for “seepages”
Red Wood-Ant Nests and Fault-Related Methane Micro-Seepage 2016
We measured methane (CH4) and stable carbon isotope of methane (ẟ13C-CH4) concentrations in ambient air and within a red wood-ant (RWA; Formica polyctena) nest in the Neuwied Basin (Germany) using high-resolution in-situ sampling to detect microbial, thermogenic, and abiotic fault-related micro-seepage of CH4. Methane degassing from RWA nests was not synchronized with earth tides, nor was it influenced by micro-earthquake degassing or concomitantly measured RWA activity. Two ẟ13C-CH4 signatures were identified in nest gas: −69‰ and −37‰. The lower peak was attributed to microbial decomposition of organic matter within the RWA nest, in line with previous observations that RWA nests are hot-spots of microbial CH4. The higher peak has not been reported in previous studies. We attribute this peak to fault-related CH4 emissions moving via fault networks into the RWA nest, which could originate either from thermogenic or abiotic CH4 formation. Sources of these micro-seepages could be Devonian schists, iron-bearing “Klerf Schichten,” or overlapping micro-seepage of magmatic CH4 from the Eifel plume. Given the abundance of RWA nests on the landscape, their role as sources of microbial CH4 and biological indicators for abiotically-derived CH4 should be included in estimation of methane emissions that are contributing to climatic change.
Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography and seismic reflection imaging of a shallow ground-water aquifer (0-50 m): Mississippi River levee seepage across the Duncan Point bar, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
<p>The electrical resisitivity raw data files are slightly processed to remove bad data points but can be inverted using tomographic inversion code. </p> <p>The seismic data were assembled in Seismic Unix format, a shortened version of the SEG-Y format (Society of Exploration Geophysicists Exchange Format-Y https: //seg. org/Publications/SEG-Technical-Standards), that has the 3200-byte EBCDIC and 400-byte tape header removed. The data uploaded online (<a href="https://zenodo.org/records/14776025">https://zenodo.org/records/14776025</a>) is a CMP brute-stacked seismic section. </p> <p>During data collection, shotpoint location changed proceeding along a 136-degree azimuth (south-easterly direction), and spaced every 1 m.</p> <p>A total of 48, horizontal-component 28-Hz nominal geophones were placed every one meter and shotpoints were located half-way between geophones. Geophones remained fixed at their locations throughout the survey and so the CMP spacing is nominally 0.5-m but fold varies linearly from a value of 1 from either side of the survey to a central maximum of 24. The seismic source consisted of a partially buried 20-lb steel I-beam struck repeatedly on either side three times by an 8-lb sledge hammer. Data of the same striking polarity were added in-phase in the field. Data with opposing polarity at each shotpoint location were subtracted later to enhance SH-wave data and suppress converted SH-to-P waves.</p> <p>Seismic processing is minimal and consists of standard surface-wave muting, elimination of bad seismic traces, normal moveout, bandpass filtering (between 12 Hz and 50 Hz) and preliminary stacking with trace mixing every 3 CMPs. The data were stacked with a single velocity throughout that ranged from 80 m/s (Vs) at 0.2 s, to 100 m/s at 0.35 s and reached 180 m/s at 0.5 s of two-way traveltime.</p> <p> </p>
Supplemental Tables that will be submitted with Hydrothermal Seepage of Altered Crustal Formation Water Seaward of the Middle America Trench, Offshore Costa Rica
<p>This spreadsheet will be submitted to JGR Solid Earth with a manuscrpt titled "Hydrothermal Seepage of Altered Crustal Formation Water Seaward of the Middle America Trench, Offshore Costa Rica" by Parsons et al. Keywords include Ridge flank, hydrothermal, Middle American Trench, hydrogeology, formation water, and pore water. Three short highlights include:</p> <p>Pore water chemical profiles reveal sediment diagenesis and seepage speeds up to 1.7 cm yr<sup>-1</sup> resulting in a net flux of 0.1 L s<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>Crustal formation water is warm (~75ºC) and chemically altered, stemming from water-basalt reactions and diffusive exchange with pore water.</p> <p>This ridge-flank hydrothermal system is not hydrologically connected to the ventilated crust to the west or the trench to the east.</p>
Effects of hydrostatic dissolution and seepage on the transport and mechanical properties of glauberite
<p>Data presented and discussed in the article entitled "Effects of hydrostatic dissolution and seepage on the transport and mechanical properties of glauberite".</p>
Failure and deformation characteristics of shale under true triaxial stress loading and unloading under water retention and seepage
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>A multifunctional true triaxial fluid-structure coupling system was used to conduct water retention and seepage tests of shale under true triaxial loading and unloading stress paths. The stress-strain evolution law of shale specimens under different experimental conditions was obtained, and the corresponding deformation and strength law was analyzed. The evolution law and failure characteristics of cracks in shale were obtained by CT scanning images before and after the experiment. The results show that under the condition of water retention, the volumetric strain of shale specimen increases first, then decreases and finally continues to increase with the increase of deviational stress, indicating that the volumetric change has experienced a process of compaction-expansion-compacting. The partial stress-maximum horizontal strain curve of the sample increases first and then decreases, while the deformation of the sample in the direction of intermediate principal stress shows the characteristics of repeated compression and expansion. In the seepage test, the permeability - maximum horizontal strain curve can be divided into two parts before and after fracture according to the deviant stress - maximum horizontal strain curve. Before fracture, the compression velocity of the specimen in the loading direction exceeds the expansion velocity <span>in the unloading direction, resulting in a decrease in volume and a decrease in permeability. With the increase of deviatoric stress, cracks occur inside the particles and continue to spread from the tip until the cracks break through the shale specimen. In this process, the pore fissure area increases and the permeability of the sample increases rapidly. In terms of fractur</span>e evolution, for the water-retaining test, dense tensile and shear cracks appear on the failure plane perpendicular to the direction of maximum and minimum principal stress, and complex shear fracture network appears on the failure plane perpendicular to the direction of intermediate principal stress. For the seepage test, heavy shear failure occurs throughout the original fracture of the sample. With the increase of the penetration depth, the crack shape on the failure surface perpendicular to the direction of intermediate principal stress gradually changes from single type to complex type.</span></p>
Active gas seepage in western Spitsbergen fjords, Svalbard archipelago: spatial extent and geological controls
<p>The following digital data package is provided as part of the submission of the publication Rodes et al. (2023) <em>Active gas seepage in western Spitsbergen fjords, Svalbard archipelago: spatial extent and geological controls</em>, considered for publication in the journal Frontiers in Earth Science. The dataset contains the distribution and characteristics of the gas flares observed during the HE-449 cruise in 2015 and the GASGEM cruise in 2021. Moreover, it contains the interpreted outcropping areas of the geological units in Isfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden. Each dataset is provided in GeoJSON, Geopackage and Shapefile file extensions. Finally, we provide a minimal working example to calculate the flare density per multibeam area of outcropping geological units.</p>
Failure and deformation characteristics of shale under true triaxial stress loading and unloading under water retention and seepage
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Microstructure evolution of hydrate-bearing sands during thermal dissociation and ensued impacts on the mechanical and seepage characteristics
<p>This supporting information includes a figure S1 and four movies S1-S4, providing a raw CT image for the reader to analyze the grey value distribution, and animations of hydrate dissociation process and shear deformations in the main article.</p> <p> </p> <p>Figure S1 is uploaded with file name Figure S1-the No.476.cb. Detailed information includes the grey value distribution for the CT image.</p> <p>Movie S1 is uploaded with file name Movie S1. gif. Detailed information includes vertical-sectional view of a specimen during the decomposition process.</p> <p>Movie S2 is uploaded with file name Movie S2. gif. Detailed information includes longitudinal cross-sectional X-ray CT images of #T-1 specimen during shear deformation.</p> <p>Movie S3 is uploaded with file name Movie S3. gif. Detailed information includes longitudinal cross-sectional X-ray CT images of #T-2 specimen during shear deformation.</p> <p>Movie S4 is uploaded with file name Movie S4. gif. Detailed information includes longitudinal cross-sectional X-ray CT images of #T-3specimen during shear deformation.</p>
Data from: The variation of grain size distribution in rock granular material in seepage process considering the mechanical-hydrological-chemical coupling effect: An experimental research
<p>As a common solid waste in geotechnical engineering, rock granular material should be properly treated and recycled. Rock granular material often coexists with water when it is used as the filling material in geotechnical engineering. Water flowing in rock granular materials is a complex progress with the mechanical-hydrological-chemical (MHC) coupling effect, i. e. the water scours in the gaps and spaces in the rock granular material structure, produces chemical reactions with rock grains, rock grains squeeze each other under the water pressure and compression leading re-breakage and producing secondary rock grains, the fine rock grains are migrated with water and rushed out. In this process, rock grain size distribution (GSD) changes, it affects the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock granular materials, and even influences the seepage stability of the rock granular materials. To study the variation of GSD in the rock granular material considering the MHC coupling effect after the seepage process, seepage experiments of rock grain samples are carried out and analyzed in this paper. The result is expected to have a positive impact on further studies of the properties of the rock granular material.</p>
Data from: Fractal characteristics of shale pore structure and its influence on seepage flow
<p>The migration law of shale gas has a significant influence on the seepage characteristics of shale, and the flow of the gas is closely related to the pore structure. To explore the influence of shale pore parameters on permeability in different diffusion zones, the pore structure of the shale in the Niutitang Formation in Guizhou, China, was analyzed based on liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The relationship among fractal dimension, organic carbon content (TOC), and BET specific surface area was analyzed based on the fractal dimension of shale pores calculated using the Frenkel‒Halsey‒Hill model. Shale permeability was calculated using the Knudsen number and permeability equation, and the influence of the fractal dimension and porosity in different diffusion zones on shale permeability was analyzed. Previous studies have shown that: (1) the pores of shale in the Niutitang Formation, Guizhou are mainly distributed within 1‒100 nm, with a small total pore volume per unit mass, average pore diameter, large BET specific surface area, and porosity; (2) fractal dimension has a negative correlation with average pore diameter and TOC content and a quadratic relationship with BET specific surface area; (3) permeability has a positive correlation with Kn, porosity, and fractal dimension. In the transitional diffusion zone, fractal dimension and porosity have a significant impact on permeability. In the Knudsen diffusion zone, porosity has no obvious effect on permeability. The methodologies and results presented will enable more accurate characterization of the complexity of pore structures of porous media, and allow further understanding of the seepage law of shale gas.</p>
10Be concentrations constraining surface age and valley growth rate in a seepage-derived drainage network in the Apalachicola River basin, Florida
<p class="Head1"><span><span>Measuring rates of valley head migration and determining the timing of canyon-opening are insightful quantifications for the history and evolution of planetary surfaces. Horizontal spatial gradients of <em>in situ-</em>produced cosmogenic nuclide concentrations provide a framework for assessing the migration of these and similar topographic features. We developed a theoretical model for the concentration of <em>in situ</em> produced cosmogenic radionuclides in valley walls during retreat of a valley head. The retreat rate is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the spatial concentration gradient and proportional to local nuclide accumulation rates. By solving for a spatial gradient in concentration along a valley parallel transect, we created an expression for the explicit determination of valley head retreat, termed unzipping. We applied this theory to a developing seepage-derived drainage network along the Apalachicola River, Florida, USA. Sample concentrations along a valley margin transect vary systematically from 2.9 x 10<sup>5</sup> atoms/g to 3.5 x 10<sup>5</sup> atoms/g resulting in a gradient of 160 atoms/g/m, and from this value a valley head retreat rate of 0.025 m/y is found. The discrepancy between overall network age and current rates of valley head migration suggests intermittent network growth which is consistent with glacial-interglacial precipitation variations during the Pleistocene. This method can be applied to a wide range of Earth-surface environments. For the <sup>10</sup>Be system, this method should be sensitive to unzipping rates bounded between 10<sup>-6</sup> m/y and 10<sup>0</sup> m/y.</span></span></p>
Field investigation of unsaturated seepage process and its influence on soil behavior for land creation in Loess plateau with fiber-optic technology
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Microscale Investigation of the Mechanical and Seepage Characteristics of Hydrate-bearing Sands by Computed Tomography
<p>This supporting information includes four movies S1-S4, providing animations of hydrate decomposition process and shear deformations in the main article.</p> <p> </p> <p>Movie S1 is uploaded with file name Movie S1. gif. Detailed information includes vertical-sectional view of a specimen during the decomposition process.</p> <p>Movie S2 is uploaded with file name Movie S2. gif. Detailed information includes longitudinal cross-sectional X-ray CT images of #T-1 specimen during shear deformation.</p> <p>Movie S3 is uploaded with file name Movie S3. gif. Detailed information includes longitudinal cross-sectional X-ray CT images of #T-2 specimen during shear deformation.</p> <p>Movie S4 is uploaded with file name Movie S5. gif. Detailed information includes longitudinal cross-sectional X-ray CT images of #T-3specimen during shear deformation.</p>
FIGURE 33 in New species of Thyasiridae from a methane seepage area off Concepción, Chile
FIGURE 33. Thyasira falklandicum, South Orkney Island, Antarctica, 244–344m, NMW.Z. 2005.4.4, Gross anatomy after removal of right mantle.
FIGURES 1–4. Thyasira methanophila new species. Holotype. MNHNCL 201646 Live collected specimen. Figs 1 & 4 in New species of Thyasiridae from a methane seepage area off Concepción, Chile
FIGURES 1–4. Thyasira methanophila new species. Holotype. MNHNCL 201646 Live collected specimen. Figs 1 & 4 external and internal of right valve; Figs 2 & 3 external and internal of left valve.
FIGURES 5–10. Thyasira methanophila new species. Paratypes. MNHNCL 201648 and NMW.Z. 2005.4.2. Figs 5–7 in New species of Thyasiridae from a methane seepage area off Concepción, Chile
FIGURES 5–10. Thyasira methanophila new species. Paratypes. MNHNCL 201648 and NMW.Z. 2005.4.2. Figs 5–7 disarticulated valves showing variation in outline; Fig. 8 oblique view of part of escutcheon; Fig. 9 internal view with adductor muscle and pallial scars artificially highlighted. Fig. 10 right valve of specimen used for anatomical study.
FIGURES 16–22 in New species of Thyasiridae from a methane seepage area off Concepción, Chile
FIGURES 16–22. Thyasira methanophila new species. Scanning electron micrographs of the ctenidium and filaments. Fig. 16 posterior portion of a demibranch, longitudinal oblique view; Fig. 17 frontal view of filaments on the exterior surface; Fig. 18 frontal view of filaments on interior surface; Fig. 19 oblique view of bacteriocyte zone of filaments with cut transverse section; Fig. 20 transverse section of one half of a filament showing open bacteriocytes; Fig. 21 polygonal surfaces of bacteriocytes; Fig. 22 ruptured bacteriocyte showing bacteria. Black arrows indicate features. white arrows indicate links between images.
FIGURES 23–26. Maorithyas marama Fleming, 1950 in New species of Thyasiridae from a methane seepage area off Concepción, Chile
FIGURES 23–26. Maorithyas marama Fleming, 1950, Sylvan Cove Stewart Island, New Zealand, 7 m. NMNZ M026537. Figs 23 & 26 external and internal views of right valve; Figs 24 & 25 external and internal views of left valve. FIGURES 27–29. Dorsal views of left valves to show variation in escutcheon development. Fig. 27 T. methanophila; Fig. 28 T. (M.) marama; Fig. 29 T. falklandicum.
FIGURES 30–32 in New species of Thyasiridae from a methane seepage area off Concepción, Chile
FIGURES 30–32 Maorithyas marama Bradshaw Sound, Fjordland, New Zealand, 90m. NMNZ M179679. Gross anatomy. Fig. 30 View after removal of right mantle; Fig. 31 View after removal of right ctenidium; Fig. 32 View after removal of right lateral body pouch and revealing alimentary system.
FIGURES 14–15. Thyasira methanophila new species. Gross anatomy. Fig. 14 in New species of Thyasiridae from a methane seepage area off Concepción, Chile
FIGURES 14–15. Thyasira methanophila new species. Gross anatomy. Fig. 14 View after removal of right ctenidium. Fig. 15 View after removal of right lateral body pouch and exposing alimentary system.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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