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Community-weighted mean traits in old-growth and selectively logged forest
<p><strong>Description: </strong></p> <p>Community-weighted mean traits from tree species that make up more than 80% basal area in plots in selectively logged forest at SAFE and in old-growth forest in Danum Valley and Maliau Basin. Sampled during the BALI project traits campaign</p> <p><strong>Project: </strong>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/55"><strong>Biodiversity and land-use impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI): Quantifying functional trait distributions across the disturbance gradient</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Funding: </strong>These data were collected as part of research funded by:</p> <ul> <li>NERC (Standard grant, NE/K016253/1)</li> </ul> <p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Permits: </strong>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p> <ul> <li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2.2(385))</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>XML metadata: </strong>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3247602">here</a></p> <p><strong>Files: </strong>This dataset consists of 3 files: Both_CWM_traits.xlsx, CSP_protocol_Chlorophyll_and_Carotenoids.pdf, CSP_protocol_Phenols_Tannins_Analysis.pdf</p> <p><strong>Both_CWM_traits.xlsx</strong></p> <p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>CMW_traits</strong> (described in worksheet CMW_traits)</p> <p>Description: Community-weighted mean traits of tree in plots in SAFE , Danum Valley and Maliau Basin sampled during the BALI project traits campaign</p> <p>Number of fields: 36</p> <p>Number of data rows: 8</p> <p>Fields:</p> <ul> <li><strong>location</strong>: Location (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>forest_type</strong>: Forest type (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>forestplots_name</strong>: Plot name coherent with forestplots database (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>plot_name_trait_campaign</strong>: Plot name used during the BALI trait campaign (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>CWM_total_K_mg.g_log</strong>: CWM foliar potassium concentration in mg per g dry weight, log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_total_Ca_mg.g_log</strong>: CWM foliar calcium concentration in mg per g dry weight, log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_total_Mg_mg.g_log</strong>: CWM foliar magnesium concentration in mg per g dry weight, log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_total_P_mg.g_log</strong>: CWM foliar phosporus concentration in mg per g dry weight, log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_N_perc</strong>: CWM foliar nitrogen concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_15N_per_mil</strong>: CWM foliar 15N isotope concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_C_perc</strong>: CWM foliar carbon concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_13C_per_mil</strong>: CWM foliar 13C isotope concentration, expressed relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) as δ13C in units of per mil [‰] (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_DR</strong>: CWM dark respiration measured on leaf attached to a branch that is cut under water and remains in water (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_Asat</strong>: CWM light-saturated net photosynthesis measured on leaf attached to a branch that is cut under water and remains in water. (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_Amax</strong>: CWM maximum photosynthetic capacity measured on leaf attached to a branch that is cut under water and remains in water. (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_leaf_thickness_mm_log</strong>: CWM thickness of leaf, log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_dry_weight_mg_log</strong>: CWM leaf oven-dried weight, log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_LA_mm2_log</strong>: CWM leaf area (LA) calculated from fresh leaves collected from branches, scanned immediately, log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_SLA_mm2_mg</strong>: CWM specific leaf area (SLA) determined as the one-sided area of a fresh leaf, divided by its oven-dry mass. (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_LDMC_mg.g</strong>: CWM leaf dry-matter content (LDMC) is the oven-dry mass (mg) of a leaf, divided by its water-saturated fresh mass (g) mg g–1 (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_chla_mg.g</strong>: CWM foliar chlorophyll a content (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_chlb_mg.g</strong>: CWM foliar chlorophyll b content (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_carot_mg.g</strong>: CWM foliar carotenoids content (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_Fp_N_mm_log</strong>: CWM force to punch leaf, dividing the observed force (N) required to puncture the leaf lamina by the circumference of the instrument's rod, log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_specific_Fp_log</strong>: CWM specific force to punch (Fp divided by lamina thickness), log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_WD_B</strong>: CWM branch wood density from branch segment with bark (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_hemicellulose_perc</strong>: CWM foliar hemicellulose concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_cellulose_perc</strong>: CWM foliar cellulose concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_lignin_recalcitrants_perc</strong>: CWM foliar lignin and recalcitrants concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_total_tannin_mg.g</strong>: CWM foliar tannin concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_total_phenol_mg.g</strong>: CWM total foliar phenol concentration (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_chla_mg.mm2</strong>: CWM foliar chlorophyll a content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_chlb_mg.mm2</strong>: CWM foliar chlorophyll b content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_carot_mg.mm2</strong>: CWM foliar carotenoids content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_N_mg.mm2</strong>: CWM foliar nitrogen concentration expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>CWM_total_P_mg.mm2.l</strong>: CWM foliar phosporus concentration expressed on leaf area basis, log transformed data (Field type: Numeric)</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p><strong>CSP_protocol_Chlorophyll_and_Carotenoids.pdf</strong></p> <p>Description: Methodology of chlorophyll and carotenoids analysis, Carnegie Spectranomics protocol: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B58dyv8L3FpMdGw0QWtiZElHQzQ/view</p> <p><strong>CSP_protocol_Phenols_Tannins_Analysis.pdf</strong></p> <p>Description: Methodology of phenols and tannins analysis, Carnegie Spectranomics protocol: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B58dyv8L3FpMcTBHblQwRHdyRE0/view</p> <p><strong>Date range: </strong>2014-05-01 to 2018-09-01</p> <p><strong>Latitudinal extent: </strong>4.5000 to 5.0700</p> <p><strong>Longitudinal extent: </strong>116.7500 to 117.8200</p>
Functional traits of tree species in old-growth and selectively logged forest
<b>Description: </b><p>Traits matrix for tree species in selectively logged forest at SAFE and in old-growth forest in Danum Valley and Maliau Basin. Sampled during the BALI project traits campaign</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/55"><b>Biodiversity and land-use impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI): Quantifying functional trait distributions across the disturbance gradient</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Standard grant, NE/K016253/1)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2.2(385))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3247631">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This dataset consists of 3 files: Both_tree_functional_traits.xlsx, CSP_protocol_Chlorophyll_and_Carotenoids.pdf, CSP_protocol_Phenols_Tannins_Analysis.pdf</p><p><b>Both_tree_functional_traits.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Tree_functional_traits</b> (described in worksheet Tree_functional_traits)</p><p>Description: Traits matrix for tree species at SAFE and in Danum Valley, Maliau Basin sampled during the BALI project traits campaign</p><p>Number of fields: 84</p><p>Number of data rows: 717</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>location</b>: Location (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>forest_type</b>: Forest type: OG: old-growth plots, Maliau and Danum; SL: selectively logged plots at SAFE (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>forestplots_name</b>: Plot name coherent with forestplots database (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>plot_name_trait_campaign</b>: Plot name used during the BALI trait campaign (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>sample_code</b>: Sample code referencing: plot-'T'(ree) ID-branch type (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>branch_type</b>: Binary classification of branch sampled depending on their position in the tree crown. BS: sun branch; BSH: shade branch (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>sampling_date</b>: Date of sampling (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>tree_id</b>: Reference for tree tag label (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>species</b>: Tree species (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>height.m</b>: Height of tree individual (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>total_K_mg.g</b>: Foliar potassium content in mg per g dry weight (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>total_Ca_mg.g</b>: Foliar calcium content in mg per g dry weight (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>total_Mg_mg.g</b>: Foliar magnesium content in mg per g dry weight (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>total_P_mg.g</b>: Foliar phosporus content in mg per g dry weight (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>N_perc</b>: Foliar nitrogen concentration (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>15N_per_mil</b>: Foliar 15N isotope concentration (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>C_perc</b>: Foliar carbon concentration (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>13C_per_mil</b>: Foliar 13C isotope concentration, expressed relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) as δ13C in units of per mil [‰] (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>CN</b>: Foliar carbon nitrogen ratio (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>DR_mean</b>: Mean dark respiration measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>DR_sd</b>: Standard deviation of dark respiration measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>DR_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>Asat_cons_mean</b>: Mean light-saturated net photosynthesis measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch. Data cleaning very conservative: subset of values only with conductance higher 0.04, Ci between 150 - 300, and PS higher than 1, leading to fewer data points. (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Asat_cons_sd</b>: Standard deviation of light-saturated net photosynthesis measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Asat_cons_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>Amax_cons_mean</b>: Mean maximum photosynthetic capacity measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch. Data cleaning very conservative: subset of values only with conductance higher 0.04, Ci between 150 - 300, and PS higher than 1, leading to fewer data points. (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Amax_cons_sd</b>: Standard deviation of maximum photosynthetic capacity measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Amax_cons_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>Asat_mean</b>: Mean light-saturated net photosynthesis measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Asat_sd</b>: Standard deviation of light-saturated net photosynthesis measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Asat_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>Amax_mean</b>: Mean maximum photosynthetic capacity measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Amax_sd</b>: Standard deviation of maximum photosynthetic capacity measured on leaf of a branch that is cut under water and remains in water, calculated from replicated leaves per branch (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Amax_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>LA_cm2_mean</b>: Mean leaf area (LA) calculated from fresh leaves collected from branches, scanned immediately. (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>LA_cm2_sd</b>: Standard deviation of leaf area (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>LA_cm2_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>leaf_thickness_mm_mean</b>: Mean thickness of leaf (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>fresh_weight_g_mean</b>: Mean leaf fresh weight (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>dry_weight_g_mean</b>: Mean leaf oven-dried weight (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>dry_weight_mg_mean</b>: Mean leaf oven-dried weight (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>LDMC_mg.g_mean</b>: Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC) is the oven-dry mass (mg) of a leaf, divided by its water-saturated fresh mass (g) mg g–1 (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>leaf_thickness_mm_sd</b>: Standard deviation of leaf thickness (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>fresh_weight_g_sd</b>: Standard deviation of fresh leaf weight (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>dry_weight_g_sd</b>: Standard deviation of dry leaf weight (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>dry_weight_mg_sd</b>: Standard deviation of dry leaf weight (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>LDMC_mg.g_sd</b>: Standard deviation of leaf dry matter content (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>leaf_thickness_mm_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>fresh_weight_g_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>dry_weight_g_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>dry_weight_mg_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>LDMC_mg.g_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>branch_height_m</b>: Height from where branch sample was taken (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>chla_mg.g</b>: Foliar chlorophyll a content (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>chlb_mg.g</b>: Foliar chlorophyll b content (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>carot_mg.g</b>: Foliar carotenoids content (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Fp_N_mm_mean</b>: Mean force to punch leaf, dividing the observed force (N) required to puncture the leaf lamina by the circumference of the instrument's rod (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Fp_N_mm_sd</b>: Standard deviation for force to punch (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Fp_N_mm_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>specific_Fp_mean</b>: Mean specific force to punch (Fp divided by lamina thickness) (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>specific_Fp_sd</b>: Standard deviation for force to punch (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>specific_Fp_n</b>: Number of replicates, i.e. leaves per branch used for mean trait (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>WD_B</b>: Branch wood density from branch segment with bark (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>WD_NB</b>: Branch wood density from branch segment without bark (bark removed prior measurement) (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>hemicellulose_perc</b>: Foliar hemicellulose concentration (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>cellulose_perc</b>: Foliar cellulose concentration (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>lignin_recalcitrants_perc</b>: Foliar lignin and recalcitrants concentration (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Total_tannin_mg.g</b>: Total foliar tannin concentration (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Total_phenol_mg.g</b>: Total foliar phenol concentration (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>SLA_mm2.mg_mean</b>: Specific leaf area (SLA) determined as the one-sided area of a fresh leaf, divided by its oven-dry mass. (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>total_K_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar potassium content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>total_Ca_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar calcium content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>total_Mg_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar magnesium content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>total_P_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar phosporus content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>chla_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar chlorophyll a content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>chlb_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar chlorophyll b content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>carot_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar carotenoids content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>tannin_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar tannin content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>phenol_mg_mm2</b>: Foliar phenol content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>N_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar nitrogen content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>C_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar carbon content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>hemicellulose_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar hemicellulose content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>cellulose_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar cellulose content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>lignin_recalcitrants_mg.mm2</b>: Foliar lignin and recalcitrants content expressed on leaf area basis (Field type: Numeric trait)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>CSP_protocol_Chlorophyll_and_Carotenoids.pdf</b></p><p>Description: Methodology of chlorophyll and carotenoids analysis, Carnegie Spectranomics protocol: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B58dyv8L3FpMdGw0QWtiZElHQzQ/view</p><p><b>CSP_protocol_Phenols_Tannins_Analysis.pdf</b></p><p>Description: Methodology of phenols and tannins analysis, Carnegie Spectranomics protocol: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B58dyv8L3FpMcTBHblQwRHdyRE0/view</p><p><b>Date range: </b>2014-05-01 to 2018-09-01</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Plantae<br> - Tracheophyta<br> -  - Liliopsida<br> -  -  - Poales<br> -  -  -  - Poaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dinochloa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dinochloa trichogona</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Imperata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Imperata cylindrica</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Paspalum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paspalum virgatum</i><br> -  -  - Zingiberales<br> -  -  -  - Marantaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Phrynium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phrynium pubinerve</i><br> -  -  -  - Zingiberaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Etlingera</i><br> -  - Magnoliopsida<br> -  -  - Asterales<br> -  -  -  - Asteraceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mikania</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mikania micrantha</i><br> -  -  - Celastrales<br> -  -  -  - Celastraceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophopetalum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophopetalum beccarianum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophopetalum glabrum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophopetalum javanicum</i><br> -  -  - Cornales<br> -  -  -  - Cornaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Alangium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Alangium javanicum</i><br> -  -  -  - Nyssaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mastixia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mastixia trichotoma</i><br> -  -  - Ericales<br> -  -  -  - Ebenaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros andamanica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros curranii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros daemona</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros dictyoneura</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros macrophylla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros muricata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros pilosanthera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros toposia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diospyros tuberculata</i><br> -  -  -  - Lecythidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Barringtonia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Barringtonia lanceolata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Barringtonia macrostachya</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Barringtonia sarcostachys</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Planchonia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Planchonia brevistipitata</i><br> -  -  -  - Pentaphylacaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Adinandra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Adinandra dumosa</i><br> -  -  -  - Primulaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ardisia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ardisia macrophylla</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Maesa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Maesa macrothyrsa</i><br> -  -  -  - Sapotaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Madhuca</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Madhuca dubardii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Madhuca korthalsii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Palaquium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Palaquium dasyphyllum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Palaquium obovatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Palaquium sericeum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Payena</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Payena acuminata</i><br> -  -  -  - Symplocaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Symplocos</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Symplocos fasciculata</i><br> -  -  -  - Theaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyrenaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyrenaria tawauensis</i><br> -  -  - Fabales<br> -  -  -  - Fabaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Archidendron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Archidendron clypearia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Crudia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Crudia reticulata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Crudia tenuipes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cynometra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cynometra mirabilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dialium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dialium indum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dialium kunstleri</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Fordia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fordia brachybotrys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fordia splendidissima</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Sindora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Spatholobus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Spatholobus macropterus</i><br> -  -  -  - Polygalaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Xanthophyllum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xanthophyllum flavescens</i><br> -  -  - Fagales<br> -  -  -  - Fagaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Castanopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Castanopsis hypophoenicea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lithocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lithocarpus blumeanus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lithocarpus conocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lithocarpus echinifer</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lithocarpus gracilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lithocarpus leptogyne</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lithocarpus sundaicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Quercus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Quercus argentata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Quercus lowii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Quercus merrillii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Trigonobalanus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trigonobalanus verticillata</i><br> -  -  - Gentianales<br> -  -  -  - Apocynaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Alstonia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Alstonia angustiloba</i><br> -  -  -  - Rubiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ludekia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ludekia borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nauclea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nauclea officinalis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nauclea subdita</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Neolamarckia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neolamarckia cadamba</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Neonauclea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neonauclea gigantea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Psydrax</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psydrax dicoccos</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Uncaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Uncaria cordata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Urophyllum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Urophyllum polyneurum</i><br> -  -  - Lamiales<br> -  -  -  - Lamiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Callicarpa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Callicarpa pentandra</i><br> -  -  -  - Oleaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Chionanthus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chionanthus macrocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chionanthus pluriflorus</i><br> -  -  - Laurales<br> -  -  -  - Lauraceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Actinodaphne</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Beilschmiedia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Beilschmiedia micrantha</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Caryodaphnopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cryptocarya</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cryptocarya nigra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cryptocarya nitens</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dehaasia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dehaasia caesia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dehaasia incrassata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Eusideroxylon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Eusideroxylon zwageri</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lindera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lindera lucida</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Litsea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Litsea accedens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Litsea angulata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Litsea caulocarpa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Litsea cordata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Litsea garciae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Litsea grandis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Litsea rubiginosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nothaphoebe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nothaphoebe umbelliflora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Phoebe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phoebe grandis</i><br> -  -  - Magnoliales<br> -  -  -  - Annonaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyathocalyx</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Maasia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Maasia sumatrana</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Miliusa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Miliusa macropoda</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Monoon</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Neo-uvaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neo-uvaria acuminatissima</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Orophea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Orophea myriantha</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Phaeanthus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phaeanthus splendens</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyalthia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyalthia obliqua</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseuduvaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseuduvaria borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Sageraea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sageraea elliptica</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Stelechocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stelechocarpus cauliflorus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylopia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylopia ferruginea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylopia stenopetala</i><br> -  -  -  - Magnoliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Magnolia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Magnolia borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Magnolia liliifera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Magnolia tsiampacca</i><br> -  -  -  - Myristicaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Horsfieldia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Horsfieldia crassifolia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Knema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Knema glauca</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Knema latifolia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Knema laurina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Knema oblongata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myristica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myristica smythiesii</i><br> -  -  - Malpighiales<br> -  -  -  - Achariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydnocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydnocarpus woodii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ryparosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ryparosa acuminata</i><br> -  -  -  - Calophyllaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Calophyllum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calophyllum soulattri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calophyllum woodii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mesua</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mesua borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mesua macrantha</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mesua oblongifolia</i><br> -  -  -  - Centroplacaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Bhesa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Bhesa indica</i><br> -  -  -  - Chrysobalanaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Atuna</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Atuna racemosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Licania</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Licania splendens</i><br> -  -  -  - Clusiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Garcinia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Garcinia benthamiana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Garcinia forbesii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Garcinia nervosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Garcinia parvifolia</i><br> -  -  -  - Euphorbiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Blumeodendron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Blumeodendron kurzii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Blumeodendron tokbrai</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hancea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hancea penangensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Macaranga</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macaranga conifera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macaranga gigantea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macaranga hypoleuca</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macaranga pearsonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macaranga winkleri</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mallotus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mallotus leucodermis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mallotus miquelianus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mallotus mollissimus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mallotus wrayi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Neoscortechinia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neoscortechinia kingii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neoscortechinia philippinensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ptychopyxis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ptychopyxis arborea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Spathiostemon</i><br> -  -  -  - Hypericaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cratoxylum</i><br> -  -  -  - Irvingiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Irvingia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Irvingia malayana</i><br> -  -  -  - Phyllanthaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Antidesma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aporosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aporosa confusa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aporosa falcifera</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Baccaurea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Baccaurea lanceolata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Baccaurea macrocarpa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Baccaurea pubera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Baccaurea tetrandra</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Cleistanthus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cleistanthus hirsutulus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cleistanthus hylandii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cleistanthus oblongifolius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cleistanthus paxii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cleistanthus pubens</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Glochidion</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Glochidion borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Phyllanthus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phyllanthus lutescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phyllanthus ruber</i><br> -  -  -  - Putranjivaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Drypetes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Drypetes longifolia</i><br> -  -  -  - Salicaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Flacourtia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Flacourtia rukam</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Homalium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Homalium foetidum</i><br> -  -  - Malvales<br> -  -  -  - Dipterocarpaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dipterocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dipterocarpus caudiferus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dryobalanops</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dryobalanops lanceolata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hopea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hopea plagata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hopea sangal</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Parashorea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Parashorea malaanonan</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Parashorea smythiesii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Parashorea warburgii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea almon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea angustifolia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea argentifolia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea beccariana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea faguetiana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea falciferoides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea fallax</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea gibbosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea guiso</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea johorensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea laevis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea leprosula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea leptoderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea macrophylla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea macroptera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea ovalis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea ovata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea parvifolia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea parvistipulata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea pauciflora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea pinanga</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea superba</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea symingtonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Shorea xanthophylla</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Vatica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vatica dulitensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vatica odorata</i><br> -  -  -  - Malvaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Boschia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Boschia grandiflora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Durio</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Durio graveolens</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Heritiera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Heritiera elata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Microcos</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microcos crassifolia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pentace</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pentace borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pterygota</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pterygota alata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Scaphium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scaphium macropodum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Sterculia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sterculia rubiginosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sterculia stipulata</i><br> -  -  -  - Thymelaeaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aquilaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aquilaria beccariana</i><br> -  -  - Myrtales<br> -  -  -  - Combretaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Terminalia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Terminalia citrina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Terminalia foetidissima</i><br> -  -  -  - Lythraceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Duabanga</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Duabanga moluccana</i><br> -  -  -  - Melastomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Clidemia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clidemia hirta</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Melastoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Melastoma malabathricum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Memecylon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Memecylon oleifolium</i><br> -  -  -  - Myrtaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium caudatilimbum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium chloranthum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium elopurae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium grande</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium griffithii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium kunstleri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium lineatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium pancheri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium panzeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium pustulatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium racemosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygium rheophyticum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tristaniopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tristaniopsis whiteana</i><br> -  -  - Oxalidales<br> -  -  -  - Elaeocarpaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Elaeocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Elaeocarpus floribundus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Elaeocarpus pedunculatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Elaeocarpus stipularis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Sloanea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sloanea javanica</i><br> -  -  - Rosales<br> -  -  -  - Cannabaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Gironniera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gironniera nervosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Trema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trema orientalis</i><br> -  -  -  - Moraceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Antiaris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Antiaris toxicaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Artocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Artocarpus anisophyllus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Artocarpus glaucus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Artocarpus integer</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Artocarpus odoratissimus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Artocarpus tamaran</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ficus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ficus hispida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ficus septica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ficus uncinata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ficus variegata</i><br> -  -  -  - Rosaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Prunus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Prunus javanica</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pygeum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pygeum beccarii</i><br> -  -  -  - Urticaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dendrocnide</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dendrocnide elliptica</i><br> -  -  - Santalales<br> -  -  -  - Coulaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochanostachys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochanostachys amentacea</i><br> -  -  -  - Strombosiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Scorodocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scorodocarpus borneensis</i><br> -  -  - Sapindales<br> -  -  -  - Anacardiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Gluta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gluta aptera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gluta wallichii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mangifera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mangifera odorata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Melanochyla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Melanochyla bullata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Melanochyla tomentosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Parishia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Parishia insignis</i><br> -  -  -  - Burseraceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Canarium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Canarium decumanum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Canarium denticulatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Canarium odontophyllum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Canarium pilosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dacryodes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dacryodes rostrata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dacryodes rugosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Santiria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Santiria laevigata</i><br> -  -  -  - Meliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aglaia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aglaia crassinervia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aglaia leptantha</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aglaia macrocarpa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aglaia odoratissima</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aglaia oligophylla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aglaia silvestris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aglaia tomentosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Aphanamixis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aphanamixis polystachya</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Chisocheton</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chisocheton ceramicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chisocheton macranthus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chisocheton patens</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dysoxylum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dysoxylum densiflorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lansium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lansium domesticum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Reinwardtiodendron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Reinwardtiodendron humile</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Walsura</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Walsura pinnata</i><br> -  -  -  - Rutaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Melicope</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Melicope confusa</i><br> -  -  -  - Sapindaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dimocarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dimocarpus longan</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nephelium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nephelium cuspidatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Paranephelium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paranephelium macrophyllum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paranephelium xestophyllum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pometia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pometia pinnata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tristiropsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tristiropsis acutangula</i><br> -  -  - Solanales<br> -  -  -  - Convolvulaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Decalobanthus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Decalobanthus borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Jacquemontia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Jacquemontia tomentella</i><br> -  - Polypodiopsida<br> -  -  - Gleicheniales<br> -  -  -  - Gleicheniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Dicranopteris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dicranopteris pubigera</i><br> -  -  - Polypodiales<br> -  -  -  - Lomariopsidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nephrolepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nephrolepis biserrata</i><br></div><p></p>
Interactions between enrichment planted seedlings and mature trees in selectively logged lowland dipterocarp forest - dataset
<div> <h2>Description</h2> <p>Old-growth forests in Southeast Asia are dominated by trees of the Dipterocarpaceae family which are targeted by selective logging. Their traits (supra-annual mast fruiting, limited dispersal, and recalcitrant seeds that form no seed bank) mean they can have poor natural regeneration rates in some selectively logged forests. Enrichment planting is commonly used to overcome recruitment limitation and increase restoration success. However, it is still unclear what factors influence the success rate of planted seedlings, including the characteristics of the surrounding tree matrix and local neighbourhood. <br>Here, we examine the growth and survival of 721 enrichment line-planted seedlings within 24 plots of the selectively logged forest of the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment, in Malaysian Borneo, in relation to their species identity and local neighbourhoods. We mapped the spatial location, size, and identity of nearly 5,000 surrounding matrix trees (≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height ) within a 10 m radius of focal planted seedlings in 2012 and 2015. We analysed levels of tree density-dependence (in terms of canopy openness and total basal area of surrounding matrix trees), asymmetric competition with naturally occurring trees (the proportion of total basal area within a 10 m radius belonging to the largest tree), and confamilial density-dependence (the proportion of total basal area within a 10 m radius belonging to dipterocarps) for each seedling. The following research questions were addressed: how do changes in (a) light availability, (b) local competition, (c) asymmetric competition, and (d) confamilial density-dependence affect the (1) growth and (2) survival of enrichment planted dipterocarp seedlings? To answer these questions, we mapped the tree size, identity (dipterocarp or non-dipterocarp), and spatial location of surrounding matrix trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm within a 10 m radius of each planted seedling. Column descriptions:<br>tree.id: The ID of the tree in question. This takes the format [plot].[line].[number] with cohort (Old [O] or new [N]) at the end.<br>IDPlots: The plot number the tree in question is located in.<br>Line_number: The specific line within a plot that the tree in question is located in.<br>sp.plot: Column specifying both the species and the plot number of the tree in question, separated by a period.<br>sp.cohort: Column specifying both the species and the cohort of the tree in question, separated by a comma.<br>richness: If the plot the tree is located in is a plot enrichment-planted with one (mono) or 16 species (sixteen).<br>X_m: Relative x coordinate - the first position of Field-Map had x,y,z-coordinates (0,0,0).<br>Y_m: Relative y coordinate.<br>Z_m: Relative z coordinate.<br>genus: The genus-level identity of the seedling.<br>species: The species-level identity of the seedling<br>survival: If the seedling was alive by 2015 (1 = alive, 0 = dead).<br>planting.date: The date of planting of the seedling.<br>survey_2002: the date of the survey for the 2002 census<br>survey_2011: the date of the survey for the 2011 census.<br>survey_2012: the date of the survey for the 2012 census.<br>survey_2015: the date of the survey for the 2015 census.<br>cohort: if this seedling was part of the initial planted cohort planted in 2002 (cohort 1) or the second cohort (cohort 2) which was planted later to replace those that had died.<br>age_2002: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2002<br>age_2011: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2011<br>age_2012: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2012<br>age_2015: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2015<br>diam_2002: Basal diameter of seedling in 2002, measured in mm.<br>diam_2011: Basal diameter of seedling in 2011, measured in mm.<br>diam_2012: Basal diameter of seedling in 2012, measured in mm.<br>diam_2015: Basal diameter of seedling in 2015, measured in mm.<br>DBH_2002: DBH of seedling in 2002, measured in mm.<br>DBH_2011: DBH of seedling in 2011, measured in mm.<br>DBH_2012: DBH of seedling in 2012, measured in mm.<br>DBH_2015: DBH of seedling in 2015, measured in mm.<br>rgr_2002: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2002) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2002).<br>rgr_2011: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2011) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2011).<br>rgr_2012: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2012) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2012).<br>openness: The average canopy openness score across 4 cardinal directions, taken during the second census.<br>ba_total_5: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling <br>ba_total_10: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling <br>ba_total: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling <br>ba_mean_5: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling <br>ba_mean_10: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling <br>ba_mean: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling <br>dbh_max_5: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling <br>dbh_max_10: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling <br>dbh_max: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling <br>no_trees_5: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling<br>no_trees_10: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling<br>no_trees: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling<br>ba_total_5_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>ba_total_10_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling , considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>ba_total_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling , considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>ba_mean_5_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>ba_mean_10_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>ba_mean_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>dbh_max_5_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>dbh_max_10_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>dbh_max_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>no_trees_5_nondip: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>no_trees_10_nondip: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>no_trees_nondip: The number of trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps<br>ba_total_5_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>ba_total_10_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>ba_total_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling , considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>ba_mean_5_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>ba_mean_10_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>ba_mean_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>dbh_max_5_dip: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>dbh_max_10_dip: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>dbh_max_dip: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>no_trees_5_dip: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>no_trees_10_dip: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>no_trees_dip: The number of trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps<br>openness_log: the openness column now expressed on a natural log scale.<br>ba_total_log: The ba_total column expressed on a natural log scale.<br>ba_total_log_scaled: The ba_total_log column scaled using the scale() function (center = TRUE, scale = FALSE).<br>prop_dip: The proportion of basal area of surrounding trees that belong to dipterocarps<br>ba_max: The basal area of the largest tree, calculated as pi * ((dbh_max / 10) ^ 2) / 40000.<br>prop_ba_max: the proportion of the basal area that belongs to the largest single tree</p> <h2>Contact Person</h2> <p>Ryan Veryard (ryan@veryard.co.uk)</p> <h2>Funding</h2> <p>These data were collected as part of research funded by:</p> <ul> <li>National Environmental Research Council (Standard grant , NE/S007474/1 , <a href="https://www.environmental-research.ox.ac.uk/">https://www.environmental-research.ox.ac.uk/</a> )</li> <li>Agencia Estatal de Investigación de España (Standard grant , RYC2021-032049-I , <a href="https://www.aei.gob.es/">https://www.aei.gob.es/</a> )</li> <li>Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Standard grant , INTER-TRANSFER LTT17017 , <a href="https://msmt.gov.cz/">https://msmt.gov.cz/</a> )</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>This dataset consists of 1 file: fieldmap_dataset.xlsx</p> <h3>fieldmap_dataset.xlsx</h3> <p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p> <h3>Interactions between enrichment planted seedlings and mature trees in selectively logged lowland dipterocarp forest - dataset</h3> <ul> <li>Worksheet: Fieldmap_data</li> <li>Description: Dataset for the published paper "Interactions between enrichment planted seedlings and mature trees in selectively logged lowland dipterocarp forest"</li> <li>Number of fields: 74</li> <li>Number of data rows: 721</li> <ul> <li>tree.id: The ID of the tree in question. This takes the format [plot].[line].[number] with cohort (Old [O] or new [N]) at the end. (type: replicate)</li> <li>IDPlots: The plot number the tree in question is located in. (type: location)</li> <li>Line_number: The specific line within a plot that the tree in question is located in. (type: numeric)</li> <li>richness: If the plot the tree is located in is a plot enrichment-planted with one (mono) or 16 species (sixteen). (type: ordered categorical)</li> <li>X_m: Relative x coordinate - the first position of Field-Map had x,y,z-coordinates (0,0,0). (type: numeric)</li> <li>Y_m: Relative y coordinate. (type: numeric)</li> <li>Z_m: Relative z coordinate. (type: numeric)</li> <li>genus: The genus-level identity of the seedling. (type: categorical)</li> <li>species: The species-level identity of the seedling (type: taxa)</li> <li>survival: If the seedling was alive by 2015 (1 = alive, 0 = dead). (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>planting.date: The date of planting of the seedling. (type: date)</li> <li>survey_2002: the date of the survey for the 2002 census (type: date)</li> <li>survey_2011: the date of the survey for the 2011 census. (type: date)</li> <li>survey_2012: the date of the survey for the 2012 census. (type: date)</li> <li>survey_2015: the date of the survey for the 2015 census. (type: date)</li> <li>cohort: if this seedling was part of the initial planted cohort planted in 2002 (cohort 1) or the second cohort (cohort 2) which was planted later to replace those that had died. (type: ordered categorical)</li> <li>age_2002: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2002 (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>age_2011: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2011 (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>age_2012: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2012 (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>age_2015: the age (in days) of seedlings at the time of their survey in 2015 (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>diam_2002: Basal diameter of seedling in 2002, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>diam_2011: Basal diameter of seedling in 2011, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>diam_2012: Basal diameter of seedling in 2012, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>diam_2015: Basal diameter of seedling in 2015, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>DBH_2002: DBH of seedling in 2002, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>DBH_2011: DBH of seedling in 2011, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>DBH_2012: DBH of seedling in 2012, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>DBH_2015: DBH of seedling in 2015, measured in mm. (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>rgr_2002: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2002) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2002). (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>rgr_2011: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2011) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2011). (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>rgr_2012: the relative growth rate of seedling, calculated as (ln(diameter in 2015)-ln(diameter in 2012) / (age in days in 2015 - age in days in 2012). (type: numeric trait)</li> <li>openness: The average canopy openness score across 4 cardinal directions, taken during the second census. (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_5: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_10: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_5: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_10: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_5: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_10: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_5: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_10: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_5_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_10_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_nondip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_5_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_10_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_nondip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_5_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_10_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_nondip: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_5_nondip: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_10_nondip: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_nondip: The number of trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding non-dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_5_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_10_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_dip: the total basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_5_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_10_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_mean_dip: the mean basal area of surrounding trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_5_dip: The basal area of the largest tree within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_10_dip: The basal area of the largest tree between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>dbh_max_dip: The basal area of the largest tree within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_5_dip: The number of trees within 5 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_10_dip: The number of trees between 5 and 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>no_trees_dip: The number of trees within 10 m of the focal seedling, considering only surrounding dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>openness_log: the openness column now expressed on a natural log scale. (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_log: The ba_total column expressed on a natural log scale. (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_total_log_scaled: The ba_total_log column scaled using the scale() function (center = TRUE, scale = FALSE). (type: numeric)</li> <li>prop_dip: The proportion of basal area of surrounding trees that belong to dipterocarps (type: numeric)</li> <li>ba_max: The basal area of the largest tree, calculated as pi * ((dbh_max / 10) ^ 2) / 40000. (type: numeric)</li> <li>prop_ba_max: the proportion of the basal area that belongs to the largest single tree (type: numeric)</li> </ul> </ul> <h2>Extents</h2> <ul> <li>Date range: 2002-07-01 to 2015-05-28</li> <li>Latitudinal extent: 5.07° to 5.1°</li> <li>Longitudinal extent: 117.64° to 117.67°</li> </ul> <h2>Taxonomic coverage</h2> <p>This dataset contains data associated with taxa and these have been validated against appropriate taxonomic authority databases.</p> <h3>GBIF taxa details</h3> <p>The following taxa were validated against the GBIF backbone dataset (version 2023-08-28). If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p> <div> - Plantae<br> -  - Tracheophyta<br> -  -  - Magnoliopsida<br> -  -  -  - Malvales<br> -  -  -  -  - Dipterocarpaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Dipterocarpus</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Dipterocarpus conformis</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Dryobalanops</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Dryobalanops lanceolata</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Hopea</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Hopea ferruginea</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Hopea sangal</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Parashorea</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Parashorea malaanonan</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Parashorea warburgii</em> (as synonym: <em>Parashorea tomentella</em>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea argentifolia</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea beccariana</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea faguetiana</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea gibbosa</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea johorensis</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea leprosula</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea macrophylla</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea macroptera</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea ovalis</em><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <em>Shorea parvifolia</em></div> </div>
Patterns of liana diversity and host interaction networks in selectively-logged and unlogged forests of Uppangala, Western Ghats, India
<p>Lianas shape tropical forest species composition, structure, and dynamics. Increasing climate fluctuation and anthropogenic disturbances increase liana abundance. Despite the increasing number of liana studies in India, only a few have examined the distribution and association of hosts with lianas, or liana-host interaction networks to determine their functional significance and conservational value. Therefore, our objective was to fill the knowledge gap about the diversity, abundance, and network structure of liana-host interactions in response to logging disturbance in a wet evergreen forest of Uppangala in central Western Ghats, India. We sampled lianas ≥1 cm in diameter at 1.3 m from the base and their host trees in thirty 20m x 20m plots in selectively-logged and unlogged forest management regimes. We evaluated liana-host tree interactions in logged and unlogged forests and retrieved community-level measures (nestedness, connectance, modularity, and network specialization index) and species-level indicators (species specialization index). Diversity and abundance of liana species were considerably greater in the selectively logged forest site. The logged forest site had compartmentalization, anti-nestedness, and network specialization, while unlogged forests were not showing any significant network structure. Most species of lianas and hosts were peripherals, but others were structurally important (connectors, module hubs, and network hubs) in the two forest sites. Forest management regimes had distinct structurally significant species.</p>
Data from: Widespread bird species show idiosyncratic responses in residual body mass to selective logging and edge effects in the Colombian Western Andes
<p>This dataset consists of banding data (N = 1589 captures, 129 bird species), including morphological and breeding biology measures, collected from understory birds in subtropical cloudforest at roughly 2000 m.a.s.l. in the municipality of El Cairo in Colombia's Western Andes (Serrania de los Paraguas range). Roughly 8,350 net hours were divided into two three-month field seasons (June-August 2017 and January-March 2018), both corresponding to local dry seasons. Birds were banded along 500-meter transects in forest interior across a gradient of forest fragment patch sizes (N = 8 fragments, area range = 10-173 ha) and a private ~750 ha reserve (Reserva Natural Cerro El Ingles) in the same landscape. Each non-hummingbird capture was fitted with an aluminum leg band with a unique combination, and we collected data on mass, tarsus length, wing chord, pectoral muscle score, cloacal protuberance and brood patch score, and age and sex (where possible due to plumage differences). We captured 101 species (including 6 boreal migrants) in 844 captures (53%) during the January-March sampling period and 102 species in 745 captures during the June-August sampling period; each site was sampled during both sampling periods. The most captured bird families were Trochilidae (24 spp., 36% of total captures), Thraupidae (17 spp.), Tyrannidae (16 spp.), Furnariidae (14 spp.), and Turdidae (6 spp.).</p> <p>A subset of these data (uploaded as a separate file) were used to calculate body condition indices for 20 species of commonly captured birds (N = 984 captures) that occured across much of the patch size gradient (at least 8 out of 14 transects), and were related to fragment area and measures of edge and selective logging effects (see Jones et al. 2022). In this file, we include all predictor variables necessary to run the generalized linear mixed models in Jones et al. (2022), including proportion forest cover within 1 km (a proxy for patch size), edge density, average distance to forest edge from the netting transect, average canopy cover and height along the transect, multivariate measures of understory plant density, large-diameter tree density, and vertical vegetation structure, elevation of each transect, and average yearly rainfall for each transect.</p>
Investigating small mammal microhabitat selection in logged and unlogged tropical forests
<b>Description: </b><p>Spool and line tracking data on small mammals</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/87"><b>Investigating small mammal microhabitat selection in logged and unlogged tropical forests</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=60">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 3 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Tracking data</b> (Worksheet Tracking)</p><p>Dimensions: 1396 rows by 15 columns</p><p>Description: Individual trap segment details for all spool-and-line tracked individuals</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>block</b>: SAFE Project Block in which trapping grid was located (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date individual was spooled (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Species</b>: Species identity (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>Trap</b>: Trap number on the grid where individual was captured (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Respool</b>: Has this individual been tracked previously? (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>track</b>: Track ID for that day (Field type: Replicate)</li><li><b>Pit.tag.no.</b>: PIT tag number of the individual being tracked (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Sex</b>: Sex oFxthe individual (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Weight</b>: Body mass of the individual (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Distance</b>: Length of straight line portion of track (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Bearing</b>: Compass bearing of track portion (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Dominant.habitat.feature</b>: Habitat taype on the observed route (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>feature.control</b>: Habitat type on the control route (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>height</b>: Height above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li></ul><br></li><li><p><b>microhabitat data</b> (Worksheet microhabitat)</p><p>Dimensions: 597 rows by 15 columns</p><p>Description: Microhabitat details recorded along spool tracks</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Species</b>: Species identity (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>individual</b>: PIT tag number of the individual being tracked (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Control</b>: Is the record for the observed track of the control track? (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>ground</b>: Leaf density <0.5m above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>understorey</b>: Leaf density 0.5m to 3m above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>midstorey</b>: Leaf density 3m to 20m above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>canopy</b>: Leaf density >20m above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>forest.quality</b>: Forest quality (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>Predator</b>: Predation risk (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>Densiometer</b>: Canopy cover (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Relascope</b>: Tree volume (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>height</b>: Height above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>rain</b>: Rainfall (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>moon.phase</b>: Lunar phase (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li></ul><br></li><li><p><b>environmental data</b> (Worksheet trap_covariates)</p><p>Dimensions: 295 rows by 14 columns</p><p>Description: Environmental quality metrics at trap locations</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site</b>: Site locality in camera trap grid (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>trap</b>: Trap identity within block (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>ground</b>: Leaf density <0.5m above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>understorey</b>: Leaf density 0.5m to 3m above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>midstorey</b>: Leaf density 3m to 20m above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>canopy</b>: Leaf density >20m above ground (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>forest quality (O)</b>: Forest quality (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>Predator</b>: Predation risk (Field type: Ordered Categorical)</li><li><b>Densiometer 1</b>: Canopy cover - 1 of 4 measurements (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Densiometer 2</b>: Canopy cover - 1 of 4 measurements (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Densiometer 3</b>: Canopy cover - 1 of 4 measurements (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Densiometer 4</b>: Canopy cover - 1 of 4 measurements (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Relascope</b>: Tree volume (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2012-06-01 to 2012-07-21</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6931 to 4.7166</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.5304 to 117.5975</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Chordata<br> -  - Mammalia<br> -  -  - Rodentia<br> -  -  -  - Muridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Chrotomys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chrotomys whiteheadi</i> (as <i>Maxomys whiteheadi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Leopoldamys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leopoldamys sabanus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Maxomys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Maxomys surifer</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rattus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rattus rattus</i><br></div><p></p>
Leaf litter decomposition in old-growth and selectively logged forest
<p><strong>Description: </strong></p> <p>In a multifactorial experiment we investigated the consequences of selective logging for decomposition and nutrient cycling in Southeast Asia by testing the effects of chemical composition of leaf litter and site factors on leaf litter mass loss. Litterbags were used to estimate decomposition over a period of 24 weeks, litterbags were collected 2, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24 weeks after the start of the experiment.</p> <p><strong>Project: </strong>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/124"><strong>Biodiversity and land-use impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI): Quantifying biogeochemistry across forest disturbance gradients in Sabah</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Funding: </strong>These data were collected as part of research funded by:</p> <ul> <li>NERC (Standard grant, NE/K016253/1)</li> </ul> <p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Permits: </strong>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p> <ul> <li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2(383))</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>XML metadata: </strong>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3247639">here</a></p> <p><strong>Files: </strong>This consists of 1 file: Both_litter_decomposition_experiment.xlsx</p> <p><strong>Both_litter_decomposition_experiment.xlsx</strong></p> <p>This file contains dataset metadata and 3 data tables:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>chemical_composition_start</strong> (described in worksheet chemical_composition_start)</p> <p>Description: Chemical properties from the two leaf litter types before the experiment</p> <p>Number of fields: 19</p> <p>Number of data rows: 10</p> <p>Fields:</p> <ul> <li><strong>replicate</strong>: Replicate number (Field type: Replicate)</li> <li><strong>litter_type</strong>: Litter type (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>P_mg.g</strong>: Phosporus concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>N_perc</strong>: Nitrogen concentration in % of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C_perc</strong>: Carbon concentration in % of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C.N</strong>: Carbon nitrogen ratio of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>P_perc</strong>: Phosporus concentration in % of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C.P</strong>: Carbon phosporus ratio of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>N.P</strong>: Nitrogen phosporus ratio of leaf litter, analysed in University of Aberdeen (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Ca_mg.g</strong>: Calcium concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Mg_mg.g</strong>: Magnesium concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Al_mg.g</strong>: Aluminium concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>K_mg.g</strong>: Potassium concentration in mg per g dry weight of leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>soluble_cell_content</strong>: Soluble cell content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>nonsoluble_cell_content</strong>: Non-soluble cell content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>hemicellulose_bound_proteins</strong>: Hemicellulose and bound proteins content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>cellulose_lignin_recalcitrants</strong>: Soluble cell content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>cellulose</strong>: Cellulose content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>lignin_recalcitrants</strong>: Lignin and recalcitrants content in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>chemical_composition_end</strong> (described in worksheet chemical_composition_end)</p> <p>Description: Chemical properties from individual leaf litter bags at the end of the experiment</p> <p>Number of fields: 18</p> <p>Number of data rows: 64</p> <p>Fields:</p> <ul> <li><strong>code</strong>: Identifyer for each leaf litter bag, coding for location-plotname-subplot pair-leaf litter type-mesh size-replicate (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>location</strong>: Location of experimental plots (M: Maliau; S: SAFE) (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>location_name</strong>: Plot name (Field type: Location)</li> <li><strong>plot</strong>: Running number of experimental plots (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>pair</strong>: Each plot contains two experimental units (making up a pair) (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>replicate</strong>: Each pair contained two replicates of the same treatment (litter type x mesh size) (Field type: replicate)</li> <li><strong>litter_type</strong>: Litter type (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>mesh</strong>: Mesh size of the litter bags (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>P_mg.g</strong>: Phosporus concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>K_mg.g</strong>: Potassium concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Ca_mg.g</strong>: Calcium concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Mg_mg.g</strong>: Magnesium concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>Al_mg.g</strong>: Aluminium concentration in mg per g dry weight of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>N_perc</strong>: Nitrogen concentration in % of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C_perc</strong>: Carbon concentration in % of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>C.N</strong>: Carbon nitrogen ratio of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>cellulose</strong>: Cellulose concentration in % of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>lignin_recalcitrants</strong>: Lignin and recalcitrants concentration in % of dry leaf litter (Field type: Numeric)</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>litterbags_massloss</strong> (described in worksheet litterbags_massloss)</p> <p>Description: Mass loss of litter in litterbags over the experimental period of 24 weeks</p> <p>Number of fields: 17</p> <p>Number of data rows: 128</p> <p>Fields:</p> <ul> <li><strong>code</strong>: Identifyer for each leaf litter bag, coding for location-plotname-subplot pair-leaf litter type-mesh size-replicate (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>location</strong>: Location of experimental plots (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>plotname</strong>: Plot name (Field type: Location)</li> <li><strong>plot</strong>: Running number of experimental plots (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>pair</strong>: Each plot contains two experimental units (making up a pair) (Field type: ID)</li> <li><strong>replicate</strong>: Each pair contained two replicates of the same treatment (litter type x mesh size) (Field type: Replicate)</li> <li><strong>litter_type</strong>: Litter type (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>mesh</strong>: Mesh size of the litter bags (Field type: Categorical)</li> <li><strong>weight_t0</strong>: Initial weight at the beginning of the experiment, around 10 g per litter bag (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t1</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 2 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t2</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 4 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t3</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 6 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t4</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 8 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t5</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 13 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>weight_t6</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 24 weeks (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>t6_corrected</strong>: Weight at time step 1 after 24 weeks, corrected for contaminating material, mostly ingrown plant roots and fungal hyphae. This is the data to use. (Field type: Numeric)</li> <li><strong>mass_loss_%</strong>: Mass loss at the end of the experiment compared to the start of the experiment, in percent (Field type: Numeric)</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p><strong>Date range: </strong>2014-05-01 to 2018-09-01</p> <p><strong>Latitudinal extent: </strong>4.5000 to 5.0700</p> <p><strong>Longitudinal extent: </strong>116.7500 to 117.8200</p>
Bioacoustic monitoring reveals shifts in breeding songbird populations and singing behaviour with selective logging in tropical forests
<b>Description: </b><p>Counts of individual male songbirds, males and females, songs and duets and original WAV audio recordings used to generate them</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/131"><b>Population and behavioral responses of songbirds to logging and rain forest fragmentation</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3366104">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This dataset consists of 13 files: Pillay_et_al_Songbirds_Acoustic_Counts_Vegetation_Cover.xlsx, 2013_B.zip, 2013_D.zip, 2013_E.zip, 2013_F.zip, 2013_OG1.zip, 2013_OG2.zip, 2014_B.zip, 2014_D.zip, 2014_E.zip, 2014_F.zip, 2014_OG1.zip, 2014_OG2.zip</p><p><b>Pillay_et_al_Songbirds_Acoustic_Counts_Vegetation_Cover.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 5 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>CountsMale</b> (described in worksheet CountsMale)</p><p>Description: Counts of male individuals of songbird species</p><p>Number of fields: 12</p><p>Number of data rows: 5700</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>year</b>: Year of Survey (Field type: id)</li><li><b>ftype</b>: Forest Type (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>block</b>: Unique ID of Blocks within which Sampling Plots are located (Field type: id)</li><li><b>location</b>: Unique ID of Sampling Plots (Field type: location)</li><li><b>fragment</b>: Future fragments within which sampling plots in logged forest plots were located; not applicable for unlogged forest plots (Field type: id)</li><li><b>species</b>: Species Identity (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>day</b>: Days 1 to 2 of sampling in each plot (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>date</b>: Date of Sampling (Field type: date)</li><li><b>jul.date</b>: Julian Date of Sampling (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>time1-6AM</b>: Counts of male individuals for 6:00-6:05 AM; detection histories generated by collapsing counts to 1/0 data (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>time2-7AM</b>: Counts of male individuals for 7:00-7:05 AM; detection histories generated by collapsing counts to 1/0 data (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>time3-8AM</b>: Counts of male individuals for 8:00-8:05 AM; detection histories generated by collapsing counts to 1/0 data (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>CountsMaleFemale</b> (described in worksheet CountsMaleFemale)</p><p>Description: Counts of male plus female individuals of songbird species</p><p>Number of fields: 12</p><p>Number of data rows: 1000</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>year</b>: Year of Survey (Field type: id)</li><li><b>ftype</b>: Forest Type (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>block</b>: Unique ID of Blocks within which Sampling Plots are located (Field type: id)</li><li><b>location</b>: Unique ID of Sampling Plots (Field type: location)</li><li><b>fragment</b>: Future fragments within which sampling plots in logged forest plots were located; not applicable for unlogged forest plots (Field type: id)</li><li><b>species</b>: Species Identity (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>day</b>: Days 1 to 2 of sampling in each plot (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>date</b>: Date of Sampling (Field type: date)</li><li><b>jul.date</b>: Julian Date of Sampling (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>time1-6AM</b>: Counts of male and female individuals for 6:00-6:05 AM; detection histories generated by collapsing counts to 1/0 data (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>time2-7AM</b>: Counts of male and female individuals for 7:00-7:05 AM; detection histories generated by collapsing counts to 1/0 data (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>time3-8AM</b>: Counts of male and female individuals for 8:00-8:05 AM; detection histories generated by collapsing counts to 1/0 data (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>CountsSong</b> (described in worksheet CountsSong)</p><p>Description: Counts of songs</p><p>Number of fields: 9</p><p>Number of data rows: 2850</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>year</b>: Year of Survey (Field type: id)</li><li><b>ftype</b>: Forest Type (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>block</b>: Unique ID of Blocks within which Sampling Plots are located (Field type: id)</li><li><b>location</b>: Unique ID of Sampling Plots (Field type: location)</li><li><b>fragment</b>: Future fragments within which sampling plots in logged forest plots were located; not applicable for unlogged forest plots (Field type: id)</li><li><b>species</b>: Species Identity (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>day3-6AM</b>: Counts of songs for 6:00-6:05 AM on day 3 or third consecutive day of sampling in each plot (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>day3-7AM</b>: Counts of songs for 7:00-7:05 AM on day 3 or third consecutive day of sampling in each plot (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>day3-8AM</b>: Counts of songs for 8:00-8:05 AM on day 3 or third consecutive day of sampling in each plot (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>CountsDuet</b> (described in worksheet CountsDuet)</p><p>Description: Counts of duets</p><p>Number of fields: 9</p><p>Number of data rows: 500</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>year</b>: Year of Survey (Field type: id)</li><li><b>ftype</b>: Forest Type (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>block</b>: Unique ID of Blocks within which Sampling Plots are located (Field type: id)</li><li><b>location</b>: Unique ID of Sampling Plots (Field type: location)</li><li><b>fragment</b>: Future fragments within which sampling plots in logged forest plots were located; not applicable for unlogged forest plots (Field type: id)</li><li><b>species</b>: Species Identity (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>day3-6AM</b>: Counts of duets for 6:00-6:05 AM on day 3 or third consecutive day of sampling in each plot (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>day3-7AM</b>: Counts of duets for 7:00-7:05 AM on day 3 or third consecutive day of sampling in each plot (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>day3-8AM</b>: Counts of duets for 8:00-8:05 AM on day 3 or third consecutive day of sampling in each plot (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>VegetationCover</b> (described in worksheet VegetationCover)</p><p>Description: Vegetation cover data</p><p>Number of fields: 6</p><p>Number of data rows: 50</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>location</b>: Unique ID of Sampling Plots (Field type: location)</li><li><b>forest.type</b>: Forest Type (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>udens</b>: Proportion understory cover (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>cc</b>: Proportion canopy cover (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>can.ht</b>: Average canopy height (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>max.canopy</b>: Maximum height of standing vegetation (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>2013_B.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2013 for site B</p><p><b>2013_D.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2013 for site D</p><p><b>2013_E.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2013 for site E</p><p><b>2013_F.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2013 for site F</p><p><b>2013_OG1.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2013 for site OG1</p><p><b>2013_OG2.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2013 for site OG2</p><p><b>2014_B.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2014 for site B</p><p><b>2014_D.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2014 for site D</p><p><b>2014_E.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2014 for site E</p><p><b>2014_F.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2014 for site F</p><p><b>2014_OG1.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2014 for site OG1</p><p><b>2014_OG2.zip</b></p><p>Description: WAV files from 2014 for site OG2</p><p><b>Date range: </b>2013-04-09 to 2014-07-26</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6881 to 4.7530</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9477 to 117.6249</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Aves <br> -  -  -  -  Passeriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Timaliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris maculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris erythroptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris poliocephala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macronus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macronus bornensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macronus ptilosus</i> (as synonym: <i>Macronous ptilosus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyridopsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyridopsis rufifrons</i> (as synonym: <i>Stachyris rufifrons</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pomatorhinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pomatorhinus montanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pellorneidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichastoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichastoma bicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcippe</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcippe brunneicauda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum capistratum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacocincla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacocincla malaccensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron magnirostre</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron magnum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron cinereum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron affine</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pycnonotidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus bres</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus phaeocephalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tricholestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tricholestes criniger</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole olivacea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus atriceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus simplex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus eutilotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus brunneus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus erythropthalmos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Stenostiridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Culicicapa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Culicicapa ceylonensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muscicapidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis superbus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinomyias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinomyias umbratilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos pyrropygus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus stricklandii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Monarchidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone paradisi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hypothymis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hypothymis azurea</i> <br></div><p></p>
Branch wood chemistry of tree species in old-growth and selectively logged forest
<b>Description: </b><p>Carbon and nitrogen concentration of branch wood, analysed with and without bark, for tree species in selectively logged forest at SAFE and in old-growth forest in Danum Valley and Maliau Basin. Sampled during the BALI project traits campaign. Analysed in the laboratory of Dr Norma Salinas, Lima, Peru.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/55"><b>Biodiversity and land-use impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI): Quantifying functional trait distributions across the disturbance gradient</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Standard grant, NE/K016253/1)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2.2(385))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3402748">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: Both_wood_chemistry.xlsx</p><p><b>Both_wood_chemistry.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Wood_chemistry</b> (described in worksheet Wood_chemistry)</p><p>Description: Carbon and nitrogen concentration of branch wood, analysed with and without bark, for tree species in selectively logged forest at SAFE and in old-growth forest in Danum Valley and Maliau Basin. Wood samples were cut from branches, that sampled during the BALI project traits campaign. Analyses were conducted on samples with bark removed or not removed. Analysed in the laboratory of Dr Norma Salinas, Lima, Peru.</p><p>Number of fields: 15</p><p>Number of data rows: 1520</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>location</b>: Location within the SAFE landscape (Field type: location)</li><li><b>forest_type</b>: Forest type: OG: old-growth plots, Maliau and Danum; SL: selectively logged plots at SAFE (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>forestplots_name</b>: Plot name coherent with forestplots database (Field type: id)</li><li><b>plot_name_trait_campaign</b>: Plot name used during the BALI trait campaign (Field type: id)</li><li><b>sample_code</b>: Sample code referencing: plot-'T'(ree) ID-branch type (Field type: id)</li><li><b>branch_type</b>: Binary classification of branch sampled depending on their position in the tree crown. BS: sun branch; BSH: shade branch (Field type: id)</li><li><b>tree_id</b>: Reference for tree tag label (Field type: id)</li><li><b>species</b>: Tree species (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>sample_type</b>: Binary classification of branch wood sample, B: wood sample with bark; NB: wood sample without bark. Number refers to internal replicated sample collection (Field type: id)</li><li><b>complete_sample_code</b>: Sample code referencing: plot-'T'(ree) ID-branch type (Field type: id)</li><li><b>replicate</b>: Replicate number if samples analyses were replicated (in a subset of samples) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date of sample analyses, conducted in the laboratory of Dr Norma Salinas (Lima, Peru) (Field type: date)</li><li><b>Time</b>: Time of of sample analyses, conducted in the laboratory of Dr Norma Salinas (Lima, Peru) (Field type: time)</li><li><b>N_perc</b>: Nitrogen concentration of the branch wood sample (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>C_perc</b>: Carbon concentration of the branch wood sample (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2014-05-01 to 2018-09-01</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Plantae <br> -  -  Tracheophyta <br> -  -  -  Magnoliopsida <br> -  -  -  -  Rosales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Moraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Antiaris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Antiaris toxicaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus anisophyllus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus glaucus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus integer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus odoratissimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus tamaran</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus hispida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus septica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus uncinata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus variegata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cannabaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gironniera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gironniera nervosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trema</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trema orientalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rosaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prunus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prunus javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pygeum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pygeum beccarii</i> (as synonym: <i>Prunus beccarii</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Urticaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dendrocnide</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dendrocnide elliptica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Lamiales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Oleaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chionanthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chionanthus macrocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chionanthus pluriflorus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lamiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callicarpa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callicarpa pentandra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Fabales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fabaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sindora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sindora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cynometra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cynometra mirabilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fordia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fordia brachybotrys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fordia splendidissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crudia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crudia reticulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crudia tenuipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dialium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dialium indum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dialium kunstleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Archidendron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Archidendron clypearia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polygalaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Xanthophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Xanthophyllum flavescens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Magnoliales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Annonaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyathocalyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Monoon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaeanthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaeanthus splendens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stelechocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stelechocarpus cauliflorus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseuduvaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseuduvaria borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Xylopia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Xylopia ferruginea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Xylopia stenopetala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neo-uvaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neo-uvaria acuminatissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Miliusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Miliusa macropoda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orophea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orophea myriantha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polyalthia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polyalthia obliqua</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maasia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maasia sumatrana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maasia sumatrana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Magnoliaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Magnolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Magnolia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Magnolia liliifera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Magnolia tsiampacca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Myristicaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema glauca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema latifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema laurina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema oblongata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Myristica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Myristica smythiesii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Horsfieldia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Horsfieldia crassifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Myrtales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Combretaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terminalia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terminalia citrina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terminalia foetidissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lythraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Duabanga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Duabanga moluccana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Myrtaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium caudatilimbum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium chloranthum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium grande</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium griffithii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium kunstleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium panzeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium pustulatum</i> (as synonym: <i>Syzygium perpuncticulatum</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium racemosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium rheophyticum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium caudatilimbum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium chloranthum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium grande</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium griffithii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium kunstleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium panzeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium pustulatum</i> (as synonym: <i>Syzygium perpuncticulatum</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium racemosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium rheophyticum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium caudatilimbum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium chloranthum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium grande</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium griffithii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium kunstleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium panzeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium pustulatum</i> (as synonym: <i>Syzygium perpuncticulatum</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium racemosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium rheophyticum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tristaniopsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tristaniopsis whiteana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Asterales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Asteraceae <br> -  -  -  -  Laurales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lauraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Actinodaphne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Beilschmiedia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Beilschmiedia micrantha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Beilschmiedia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Beilschmiedia micrantha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea accedens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea angulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea caulocarpa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea garciae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea grandis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea cordata</i> (as synonym: <i>Litsea mappacea</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea rubiginosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caryodaphnopsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nothaphoebe</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nothaphoebe umbelliflora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lindera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lindera lucida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phoebe</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phoebe grandis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dehaasia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dehaasia caesia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dehaasia incrassata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptocarya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptocarya nigra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptocarya nitens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eusideroxylon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eusideroxylon zwageri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Malvales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dipterocarpaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea almon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea angustifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea argentifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea beccariana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea faguetiana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea fallax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea gibbosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea guiso</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea johorensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea laevis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea leprosula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea leptoderma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea macrophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea macroptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea ovalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea ovata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parvifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parvistipulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea pauciflora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea superba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea symingtonii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea xanthophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea almon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea angustifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea argentifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea beccariana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea faguetiana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea fallax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea gibbosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea guiso</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea johorensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea laevis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea leprosula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea leptoderma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea macrophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea macroptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea ovalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea ovata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parvifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parvistipulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea pauciflora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea superba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea symingtonii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea xanthophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dipterocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dipterocarpus caudiferus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hopea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hopea plagata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hopea sangal</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parashorea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parashorea malaanonan</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parashorea smythiesii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parashorea warburgii</i> (as synonym: <i>Parashorea tomentella</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dryobalanops</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dryobalanops lanceolata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vatica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vatica dulitensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vatica odorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Thymelaeaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aquilaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aquilaria beccariana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Malvaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sterculia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sterculia rubiginosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sterculia stipulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heritiera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heritiera elata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcos crassifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pterygota</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pterygota alata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Durio</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Durio graveolens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Boschia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Boschia grandiflora</i> (as synonym: <i>Durio grandiflorus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pentace</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pentace borneensis</i> (as synonym: <i>Pentace laxiflora</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  Celastrales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Celastraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophopetalum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophopetalum beccarianum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophopetalum glabrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophopetalum javanicum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Ericales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sapotaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Payena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Payena acuminata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Palaquium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Palaquium dasyphyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Palaquium obovatum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Palaquium sericeum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Madhuca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Madhuca dubardii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Madhuca korthalsii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Primulaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ardisia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ardisia macrophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Symplocaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Symplocos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Symplocos fasciculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pentaphylacaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Adinandra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Adinandra dumosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ebenaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros andamanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros curranii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros daemona</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros dictyoneura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros macrophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros muricata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros toposia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros tuberculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros pilosanthera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lecythidaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Planchonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Planchonia brevistipitata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barringtonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barringtonia lanceolata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barringtonia macrostachya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barringtonia sarcostachys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Theaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pyrenaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pyrenaria tawauensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Fagales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fagaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus blumeanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus echinifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus leptogyne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus sundaicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus blumeanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus echinifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus leptogyne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus sundaicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trigonobalanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trigonobalanus verticillata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Castanopsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Castanopsis hypophoenicea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Quercus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Quercus argentata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Quercus lowii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Quercus merrillii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Santalales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Strombosiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Scorodocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Scorodocarpus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coulaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochanostachys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochanostachys amentacea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Malpighiales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chrysobalanaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Atuna</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Atuna racemosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Licania</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Licania splendens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phyllanthaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Antidesma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aporosa</i> (as synonym: <i>Aporusa</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus hirsutulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus hylandii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus oblongifolius</i> (as synonym: <i>Cleistanthus myrianthus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus paxii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus pubens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus hirsutulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus hylandii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus oblongifolius</i> (as synonym: <i>Cleistanthus myrianthus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus paxii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus pubens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Glochidion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Glochidion borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phyllanthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phyllanthus lutescens</i> (as synonym: <i>Glochidion lutescens</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phyllanthus ruber</i> (as synonym: <i>Glochidion rubrum</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Baccaurea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Baccaurea lanceolata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Baccaurea macrocarpa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Baccaurea tetrandra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Baccaurea pubera</i> (as synonym: <i>Baccaurea latifolia</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Calophyllaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mesua</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mesua oblongifolia</i> (as synonym: <i>Kayea oblongifolia</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mesua borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mesua macrantha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calophyllum soulattri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calophyllum woodii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Clusiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garcinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garcinia benthamiana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garcinia forbesii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garcinia nervosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garcinia parvifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Salicaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Flacourtia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Flacourtia rukam</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalium foetidum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Putranjivaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drypetes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drypetes longifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Irvingiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irvingia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irvingia malayana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Achariaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydnocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydnocarpus woodii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydnocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydnocarpus woodii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ryparosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ryparosa acuminata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphorbiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Spathiostemon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga conifera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga hypoleuca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga pearsonii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga winkleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blumeodendron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blumeodendron kurzii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blumeodendron tokbrai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptychopyxis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptychopyxis arborea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus leucodermis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus miquelianus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus mollissimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus wrayi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hancea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hancea penangensis</i> (as synonym: <i>Mallotus penangensis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neoscortechinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neoscortechinia kingii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neoscortechinia philippinensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Centroplacaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Bhesa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Bhesa indica</i> (as synonym: <i>Bhesa paniculata</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  Cornales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nyssaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastixia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastixia trichotoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cornaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alangium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alangium javanicum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Gentianales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rubiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neolamarckia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neolamarckia cadamba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neonauclea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neonauclea gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psydrax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psydrax dicoccos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nauclea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nauclea officinalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nauclea subdita</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Urophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Urophyllum polyneurum</i> (as synonym: <i>Pleiocarpidia polyneura</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ludekia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ludekia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apocynaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alstonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alstonia angustiloba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Oxalidales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elaeocarpaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sloanea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sloanea javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elaeocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elaeocarpus floribundus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elaeocarpus pedunculatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elaeocarpus stipularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Sapindales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Burseraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium decumanum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium denticulatum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium odontophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium pilosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Santiria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Santiria laevigata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dacryodes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dacryodes rostrata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dacryodes rugosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rutaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melicope</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melicope confusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anacardiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melanochyla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melanochyla bullata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melanochyla tomentosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parishia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parishia insignis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gluta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gluta aptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gluta wallichii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mangifera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mangifera odorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Meliaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton ceramicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton macranthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton patens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton ceramicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton macranthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton patens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysoxylum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysoxylum densiflorum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia crassinervia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia leptantha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia macrocarpa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia odoratissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia oligophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia silvestris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia tomentosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aphanamixis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aphanamixis polystachya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Reinwardtiodendron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Reinwardtiodendron humile</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Walsura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Walsura pinnata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lansium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lansium domesticum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sapindaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nephelium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nephelium cuspidatum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pometia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pometia pinnata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dimocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tristiropsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tristiropsis acutangula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paranephelium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paranephelium macrophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paranephelium xestophyllum</i> <br></div><p></p>
Anatomical wood traits of tree species in old-growth and selectively logged forest
<b>Description: </b><p>Traits matrix of wood anatomical characteristics for tree species in selectively logged forest at SAFE and in old-growth forest in Danum Valley and Maliau Basin. Sampled during the BALI project traits campaign</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/55"><b>Biodiversity and land-use impacts on tropical ecosystem function (BALI): Quantifying functional trait distributions across the disturbance gradient</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Standard grant, NE/K016253/1)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2.2(385))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=5513918">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: Both_wood_anatomical_traits_complete_dataset.xlsx</p><p><b>Both_wood_anatomical_traits_complete_dataset.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Wood_anatomical_traits</b> (described in worksheet Wood_anatomical_traits)</p><p>Description: Traits matrix of wood anatomical characteristics for tree species in selectively logged forest at SAFE and in old-growth forest in Danum Valley and Maliau Basin. Sampled during the BALI project traits campaign</p><p>Number of fields: 18</p><p>Number of data rows: 596</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>location</b>: Location (Field type: location)</li><li><b>forest_type</b>: Forest type: OG: old-growth plots, Maliau and Danum; SL: selectively logged plots at SAFE (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>forestplots_name</b>: Plot name coherent with forestplots database (Field type: id)</li><li><b>plot_name_trait_campaign</b>: Plot name used during the BALI trait campaign (Field type: id)</li><li><b>sample_code</b>: Sample code referencing: plot-'T'(ree) ID-branch type (Field type: id)</li><li><b>branch_type</b>: Binary classification of branch sampled depending on their position in the tree crown. BS: sun branch; BSH: shade branch (Field type: id)</li><li><b>sampling_date</b>: Date of sampling (Field type: date)</li><li><b>tree_id</b>: Reference for tree tag label (Field type: id)</li><li><b>species</b>: Tree species (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Wedge.area.micron2</b>: Area of wedge from microtome slice used for analysis. (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>No.vessel.wedge</b>: Count of vessels in the respective wedge area. (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Vessel.diameter.micron</b>: Mean vessel diameter. Vessel diameter is determined as the mean of the maximum and minimum (lumen) diameters. (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Median.vessel.diameter.micron</b>: The middle value of the vessel diameter data set. (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Hydraulically.weighted.diameter.micron</b>: Hydraulically weighted mean diameter. Calculated as (∑ diameter^5) / (∑ diameter^4). (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Vessel.area.micron2</b>: Mean vessel area. Vessel area is determined by the average cross-sectional area of all vessel lumens (excluding vessel walls) in the wedge-shaped transect of the branch wood cross-section. (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Median.vessel.area.micron2</b>: The middle value of the vessel area data set. (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Vessel.lumen.tot.area</b>: Total area of the vessel lumens in the wedge-shaped transect of the branch wood cross-section. (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>vessel.lumen.f.wedge</b>: Vessel lumen fraction. From the vessel areas and transect areas, vessel lumen fraction is calculated as the fraction of transect area filled by vessel lumens. (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2014-05-01 to 2018-09-01</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Plantae <br> -  -  Tracheophyta <br> -  -  -  Magnoliopsida <br> -  -  -  -  Malpighiales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chrysobalanaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Licania</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Licania splendens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hypericaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratoxylum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Irvingiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irvingia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irvingia malayana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Centroplacaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Bhesa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Bhesa indica</i> (as synonym: <i>Bhesa paniculata</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Clusiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garcinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garcinia benthamiana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garcinia forbesii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garcinia parvifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Salicaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalium foetidum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Putranjivaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drypetes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Drypetes longifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Achariaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydnocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ryparosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ryparosa acuminata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphorbiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Spathiostemon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hancea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hancea penangensis</i> (as synonym: <i>Mallotus penangensis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neoscortechinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neoscortechinia kingii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neoscortechinia philippinensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus leucodermis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus miquelianus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus mollissimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mallotus wrayi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptychopyxis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptychopyxis arborea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga conifera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga hypoleuca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga pearsonii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaranga winkleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blumeodendron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blumeodendron kurzii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blumeodendron tokbrai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phyllanthaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aporosa</i> (as synonym: <i>Aporusa</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus hirsutulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus hylandii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cleistanthus oblongifolius</i> (as synonym: <i>Cleistanthus myrianthus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Glochidion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phyllanthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phyllanthus lutescens</i> (as synonym: <i>Glochidion lutescens</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phyllanthus ruber</i> (as synonym: <i>Glochidion rubrum</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Baccaurea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Baccaurea lanceolata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Baccaurea macrocarpa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Baccaurea tetrandra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calophyllaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mesua</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mesua oblongifolia</i> (as synonym: <i>Kayea oblongifolia</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mesua macrantha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calophyllum soulattri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Malvales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Malvaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heritiera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heritiera elata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pterygota</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pterygota alata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pentace</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pentace borneensis</i> (as synonym: <i>Pentace laxiflora</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sterculia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sterculia stipulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcos crassifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Scaphium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Scaphium macropodum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Boschia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Boschia grandiflora</i> (as synonym: <i>Durio grandiflorus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Durio</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Durio graveolens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dipterocarpaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea almon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea angustifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea argentifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea beccariana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea faguetiana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea falciferoides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea fallax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea gibbosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea guiso</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea johorensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea leprosula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea leptoderma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea macrophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea macroptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea ovalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea ovata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parviflora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parvifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parvistipulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea pauciflora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea pinanga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea superba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea symingtonii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea xanthophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea almon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea angustifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea argentifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea beccariana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea faguetiana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea falciferoides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea fallax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea gibbosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea guiso</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea johorensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea leprosula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea leptoderma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea macrophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea macroptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea ovalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea ovata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parviflora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parvifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea parvistipulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea pauciflora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea pinanga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea superba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea symingtonii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Shorea xanthophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vatica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vatica dulitensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Vatica odorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hopea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hopea plagata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hopea sangal</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dipterocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dipterocarpus caudiferus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dryobalanops</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dryobalanops lanceolata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parashorea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parashorea malaanonan</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parashorea smythiesii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parashorea warburgii</i> (as synonym: <i>Parashorea tomentella</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Thymelaeaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aquilaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aquilaria beccariana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Celastrales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Celastraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophopetalum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophopetalum beccarianum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lophopetalum javanicum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Santalales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coulaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochanostachys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochanostachys amentacea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Fagales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fagaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus blumeanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus conocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus echinifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus leptogyne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus sundaicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus blumeanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus conocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus echinifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus leptogyne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lithocarpus sundaicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Quercus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Quercus argentata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Quercus lowii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Quercus merrillii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trigonobalanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trigonobalanus verticillata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Castanopsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Castanopsis hypophoenicea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Lamiales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lamiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callicarpa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callicarpa pentandra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Oleaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chionanthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chionanthus macrocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chionanthus pluriflorus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Rosales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Urticaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dendrocnide</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dendrocnide elliptica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rosaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prunus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prunus javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pygeum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pygeum beccarii</i> (as synonym: <i>Prunus beccarii</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Moraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus hispida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus septica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus uncinata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ficus variegata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Antiaris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Antiaris toxicaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus anisophyllus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus glaucus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus integer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus odoratissimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Artocarpus tamaran</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cannabaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trema</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trema orientalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Cornales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nyssaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastixia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastixia trichotoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cornaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alangium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alangium javanicum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Gentianales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apocynaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alstonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alstonia angustiloba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rubiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neonauclea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neonauclea gigantea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ludekia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ludekia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psydrax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psydrax dicoccos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Urophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Urophyllum polyneurum</i> (as synonym: <i>Pleiocarpidia polyneura</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neolamarckia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neolamarckia cadamba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nauclea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nauclea subdita</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Fabales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Fabaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sindora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crudia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crudia reticulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fordia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fordia brachybotrys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fordia splendidissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dialium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dialium indum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dialium kunstleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Archidendron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Archidendron clypearia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cynometra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cynometra mirabilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Sapindales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Meliaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton ceramicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton macranthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chisocheton patens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysoxylum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysoxylum densiflorum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aphanamixis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aphanamixis polystachya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lansium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lansium domesticum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia crassinervia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia leptantha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia macrocarpa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia odoratissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia oligophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia silvestris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aglaia tomentosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sapindaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nephelium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paranephelium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paranephelium macrophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paranephelium xestophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dimocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tristiropsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tristiropsis acutangula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pometia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pometia pinnata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Burseraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Santiria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Santiria laevigata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium decumanum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium denticulatum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium odontophyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Canarium pilosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dacryodes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dacryodes rostrata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dacryodes rugosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rutaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melicope</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melicope confusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anacardiaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mangifera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mangifera odorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parishia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parishia insignis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gluta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gluta aptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gluta wallichii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melanochyla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melanochyla bullata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Melanochyla tomentosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Laurales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lauraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Actinodaphne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Beilschmiedia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Beilschmiedia micrantha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phoebe</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phoebe grandis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea accedens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea angulata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea caulocarpa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea garciae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea grandis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea cordata</i> (as synonym: <i>Litsea mappacea</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Litsea rubiginosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lindera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lindera lucida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eusideroxylon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eusideroxylon zwageri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nothaphoebe</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nothaphoebe umbelliflora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptocarya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptocarya nigra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cryptocarya nitens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caryodaphnopsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dehaasia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dehaasia caesia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dehaasia incrassata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Magnoliales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Annonaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyathocalyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Monoon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polyalthia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polyalthia obliqua</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sageraea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sageraea elliptica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Miliusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Miliusa macropoda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stelechocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stelechocarpus cauliflorus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Xylopia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Xylopia ferruginea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Xylopia stenopetala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaeanthus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phaeanthus splendens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maasia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maasia sumatrana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neo-uvaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neo-uvaria acuminatissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orophea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orophea myriantha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseuduvaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseuduvaria borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Magnoliaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Magnolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Magnolia borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Magnolia liliifera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Magnolia tsiampacca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Myristicaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema glauca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema latifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema laurina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Knema oblongata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Myristica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Myristica smythiesii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Horsfieldia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Horsfieldia crassifolia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Ericales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Primulaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ardisia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ardisia macrophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lecythidaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Planchonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Planchonia brevistipitata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barringtonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barringtonia lanceolata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barringtonia macrostachya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barringtonia sarcostachys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Symplocaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Symplocos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Symplocos fasciculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ebenaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros andamanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros curranii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros daemona</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros dictyoneura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros macrophylla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros muricata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros tuberculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Diospyros pilosanthera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Theaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pyrenaria</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pyrenaria tawauensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pentaphylacaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Adinandra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Adinandra dumosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sapotaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Payena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Payena acuminata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Madhuca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Madhuca dubardii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Madhuca korthalsii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Palaquium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Palaquium dasyphyllum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Palaquium sericeum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Oxalidales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elaeocarpaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elaeocarpus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elaeocarpus floribundus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elaeocarpus pedunculatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elaeocarpus stipularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sloanea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sloanea javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Myrtales <br> -  -  -  -  -  Melastomataceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Memecylon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Memecylon oleifolium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Combretaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terminalia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terminalia citrina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terminalia foetidissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Myrtaceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium chloranthum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium grande</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium griffithii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium kunstleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium lineatum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium panzeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium pustulatum</i> (as synonym: <i>Syzygium perpuncticulatum</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium racemosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium rheophyticum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium chloranthum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium grande</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium griffithii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium kunstleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium lineatum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium panzeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium pustulatum</i> (as synonym: <i>Syzygium perpuncticulatum</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium racemosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium rheophyticum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium chloranthum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium grande</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium griffithii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium kunstleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium lineatum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium panzeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium pustulatum</i> (as synonym: <i>Syzygium perpuncticulatum</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium racemosum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Syzygium rheophyticum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Lythraceae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Duabanga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Duabanga moluccana</i> <br></div><p></p>
Patterns of liana diversity and host interaction networks in selectively-logged and unlogged forests of Uppangala, Western Ghats, India
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Data from: Widespread bird species show idiosyncratic responses in residual body mass to selective logging and edge effects in the Colombian Western Andes
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Data from: Timber and trails: Low-intensity selective logging and elephant trails shape seedling dynamics in an Afrotropical forest
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Crossett Experimental Forest site, station Selection logging stands at Crossett Experimental Forest, study of pine tree merchantable volume in units of cubicMetersPerHectare on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Crossett Experimental Forest (CRO) contains pine tree merchantable volume measurements in cubicMetersPerHectare units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Crossett Experimental Forest site, station Selection logging stands at Crossett Experimental Forest, study of production volume of pine in units of cubicMetersPerHectare on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Crossett Experimental Forest (CRO) contains production volume of pine measurements in cubicMetersPerHectare units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Data from: Impacts of selective logging on inbreeding and gene flow in two Amazonian timber species with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics
Selective logging in Brazil allows for the removal of up to 90% of trees above 50 cm diameter of a given timber species, independent of a species' life history characteristics or how quickly it will recover. The genetic and demographic effects of selective logging on two Amazonian timber species (Dipteryx odorata Leguminosae, Jacaranda copaia Bignoniaceae) with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics were assessed in the same forest. Genetic diversity and gene flow were characterized by genotyping adults and seed sampled before and after logging, using hypervariable microsatellite markers. Overall, there were no short term genetic impacts on the J. copaia population, with commercial application of current Brazilian forest management regulations. In contrast, for D. odorata selective logging showed a range of genetic impacts, with a 10% loss of alleles, and reductions in siring by pollen from trees within the 546 ha study area (23% to 11%) and in the number of pollen donors per progeny array (2.8 to 1.6), illustrating the importance of the surrounding landscape. Asynchrony in flowering between D. odorata trees led to trees with no breeding partners, which could limit the species reproduction and regeneration under current regulations. The results are summarised with other published studies from the same site and the implications for forest management discussed. The different types and levels of impacts associated with each species support the idea that ecological and genetic information by species, ecological guild or reproductive group are essential in helping to derive sustainable logging guidelines for tropical forests.
Data from: Selective logging in tropical forests decreases the robustness of liana-tree interaction networks to the loss of host tree species
Selective logging is one of the major drivers of tropical forest degradation, causing important shifts in species composition. Whether such changes modify interactions between species and the networks in which they are embedded remain fundamental questions to assess the 'health' and ecosystem functionality of logged forests. We focus on interactions between lianas and their tree hosts within primary and selectively logged forests in the biodiversity hotspot of Malaysian Borneo. We found that lianas were more abundant, had higher species richness and different species compositions in logged than in primary forests. Logged forests showed heavier liana loads disparately affecting slow-growth tree species, which could exacerbate the loss of timber value and carbon storage already associated to logging. Moreover, simulation scenarios of host tree local species loss indicated that logging might decrease the robustness of liana-tree interaction networks if heavily infested trees (i.e. the most connected ones) are more likely to disappear. This effect is partially mitigated in the short term by the colonization of host trees by a greater diversity of liana species within logged forests, yet this might not compensate for the loss of preferred tree hosts in the long term. As a consequence, species interaction networks may show a lagged response to disturbance, which may trigger sudden collapses in species richness and ecosystem function in response to additional disturbances, representing a new type of "extinction debt".
Data from: Selective logging intensity in an East African rain forest predicts reductions in ant diversity
As natural forest ecosystems increasingly face pressure from deforestation, it is ever more important to understand the impacts of habitat fragmentation and degradation on biodiversity. Most studies of anthropogenic change in the tropics come from Southeast Asia and South America, and impacts of habitat modification are often taxon-specific. Here we empirically assessed the impact of habitat fragmentation and recent (within 25 years) and historic (>25 years ago) selective logging on the diversity of ants in the Kakamega rain forest in western Kenya, and asked whether these forms of degradation interact as multiple stressors. We found that the severity of recent selective logging was negatively related to overall species richness and abundance as well as the richness and abundance of forest specialists, but found no detrimental effect of past selective logging or habitat fragmentation on ant diversity, although habitat fragment size was correlated with estimated species richness. There was also no effect of any form of habitat degradation on the richness or abundance of open habitat specialists, even though these species often exploit niches created in disturbed environments. Ultimately, this study reveals the detrimental impact of even moderate forms of habitat degradation on insect biodiversity in the understudied African rain forests.
Data from: Seed and pollen dispersal distances in two African legume timber trees and their reproductive potential under selective logging
The natural regeneration of tree species depends on seed and pollen dispersal. To assess if limited dispersal could be critical for the sustainability of selective logging practices, we performed parentage analyses in two Central African legume canopy species displaying contrasted floral and fruit traits: Distemonanthus benthamianus and Erythrophleum suaveolens. We also developed new tools linking forward dispersal kernels with backward migration rates to better characterize long-distance dispersal. Much longer pollen dispersal in D. benthamianus (mean distance dp=700m, mp=52% immigration rate in 6 km2 plot, s=7% selfing rate) than in E. suaveolens (dp=294m, mp=22% in 2 km2 plot, s=20%) might reflect different insect pollinators. At a local scale, secondary seed dispersal by vertebrates led to larger seed dispersal distances in the barochorous E. suaveolens (ds=175m) than in the wind-dispersed D. benthamianus (ds=71m). Yet, seed dispersal appeared much more fat-tailed in the latter species (15-25% seeds dispersing >500m), putatively due to storm winds (papery pods). The reproductive success was correlated to trunk diameter in E. suaveolens and crown dominance in D. benthamianus. Contrary to D. benthamianus, E. suaveolens underwent significant assortative mating, increasing further the already high inbreeding of its juveniles due to selfing, which seems offset by strong inbreeding depression. To achieve sustainable exploitation, seed and pollen dispersal distances did not appear limiting, but the natural regeneration of E. suaveolens might become insufficient if all trees above the minimum legal cutting diameter were exploited. This highlights the importance of assessing the diameter structure of reproductive trees for logged species.
Data from: Multiple stages of tree seedling recruitment are altered in tropical forests degraded by selective logging
Tropical forest degradation is a global environmental issue. In degraded forests, seedling recruitment of canopy trees is vital for forest regeneration and recovery. We investigated how selective logging, a pervasive driver of tropical forest degradation, impacts canopy tree seedling recruitment, focusing on an endemic dipterocarp Dryobalanops lanceolata in Sabah, Borneo. During a mast-fruiting event in intensively logged and nearby unlogged forest, we examined four stages of the seedling recruitment process: seed production, seed predation, and negative density-dependent germination and seedling survival. Our results suggest that each stage of the seedling recruitment process is altered in logged forest. The seed crop of D. lanceolata trees in logged forest was one-third smaller than that produced by trees in unlogged forest. The functional role of vertebrates in seed predation increased in logged forest while that of non-vertebrates declined. Seeds in logged forest were less likely to germinate than those in unlogged forest. Germination increased with local-scale conspecific seed density in unlogged forest, but seedling survival tended to decline. However, both germination and seedling survival increased with local-scale conspecific seed density in logged forest. Notably, seed crop size, germination and seedling survival tended to increase for larger trees in both unlogged and logged forests, suggesting that sustainable timber extraction and silvicultural practices designed to minimize damage to the residual stand are important to prevent seedling recruitment failure. Overall, these impacts sustained by several aspects of seedling recruitment in a mast-fruiting year suggest that intensive selective logging may affect long-term population dynamics of D. lanceolata. It is necessary to establish if other dipterocarp species, many of which are threatened by the timber trade, are similarly affected in tropical forests degraded by intensive selective logging.
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