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46 results for “semiarid regions”
Land Productivity Dynamics (LPD) maps based on approaches recommended by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) for the Brazilian Semiarid Region (BSR).
<p>Maps of the land productivity dynamic (LPD) based on approaches recommended by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) for the Brazilian Semiarid Region for the period 2001-2015. LPD from Trends.Earth (TE), LPD from the Joint Research Center (JRC-LPD), and LPD from the Food and Agriculture Organization – World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (FAO-WOCAT LPD). In addition, TE-based LPD with climate correction based on Rain Use Efficiency (RUE), Residual Trend Analysis (RESTREND), and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) calculated using the procedures described in the second version of the Good Practice Guidance for SDG Indicator 15.3.1. The annual LCLU maps from the MapBiomas project at 30 m spatial resolution for 2001 and 2015, and the 16-day MOD13Q1 NDVI dataset from 2001 to 2015 were used as inputs.</p> <p>**********************</p> <p>A total of seven GeoTIFF files in Geographic Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF) format are provided at 250 m spatial resolution.</p> <p>Coding for the LPDs.</p> <p>Value Meaning</p> <p>-32768 No data</p> <p>1 Declining</p> <p>2 Moderate decline</p> <p>3 Stressed</p> <p>4 Stable</p> <p>5 Increasing</p> <p>Funding: this study was undertaken as part of the Satellite Desertification Monitoring Program in the Brazilian Semiarid Region [Grant Number 403223/2021-0] supported by the CNPq. It also had the support of Capes, through Notice no. 28/2022 – PDPG Social Vulnerability & Human Rights [Grant Number 88881.705050/2022-01].</p>
Figure 1 in New species of Australopericoma Vaillant (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Brazilian semiarid region and key to males of the genus
Figure 1. Australopericoma paraibana Cordeiro & Bravo sp. nov. (A) anterior view of head, palpi and antenna; (B) head, posterior view; (C) antenna, apical flagellomeres; (D) flagellomeres showing ascoids; (E) wing; (F) ventral view of male terminalia, showing part of epandrium, cerci, epiproct and hypoproct; (G) dorsal view of male terminalia, showing hypandrium, gonopods and aedeagal complex.
Supporting data for: Angiosperms in a conservation area in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil
<h3>Title: Angiosperms in a conservation area in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil.</h3> <p>Contact information: Bernardo de Farias Rocha, bernardorocha284@gmail.com, and José Iranildo Miranda de Melo, tournefort@gmail.com, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba.</p> <p>Figures and table produced to illustrate an article, disponibilized as supporting data.</p> <p>Geographical Coordinates of the Study Area: 6º27'S, 36º18'W</p>
Fig. 2 in Caatinga Ethnoherpetology: Relationships between herpetofauna and people in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil
Fig. 2. Graphs showing the values obtained with the richness estimators of herpetofaunal species hunted in surveyed area. Number of Species Observed (Sobs = 18 ± 2.44), Number of species estimated (Chao2 = 22.96 ± 5.07).
Fig. 1 in Caatinga Ethnoherpetology: Relationships between herpetofauna and people in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of the municipality of Pocinhos (Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil), where the study was conducted.
MONITORING AND MODELING OF HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL: THE CARIRI EXPERIMENTAL BASINS
<p><strong>DATASET DESCRIPTION</strong> - Two experimental basins – the Cariri basins – were installed in a typically semiarid region in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, for obtaining reliable estimates of runoff and soil erosion in different scales to evaluate the influence of the human activities and other factors over the processes of runoff and erosion. In the first basin, located in the municipality of Sumé, the field studies were carried out at three different scales: four micro-basins with an area of around 0.5 ha; nine standard Wischmeier-type erosion plots of 100 m<sup>2</sup> and seven sample plots of 1 m<sup>2</sup>. The experimental units had varied vegetal cover and management and, except the sample plots, were subjected to natural rainfall events only, and were monitored from 1982 to 1991. The total runoff and total sediment yield were determined for each of the events of precipitation. The installations of the second basin, in the near municipality of São João do Cariri, were planned for the continuation of the studies initiated at Sumé, and include erosion plots (100 m<sup>2</sup>), micro-basins, and sub-basins, which are being monitored for runoff and sediment production up to now. Among them, two nested micro-basins were monitored to detect any scale effect at the micro-basin level. Nearly 600 events of natural precipitation, that produced runoff in at least one of the experimental units, have been registered. This bulk of data was utilised to evaluate the influence of various factors, including cultivation practices. The data collected so far has been successfully used to calibrate hydrological models for plots and micro-basins. Parameters have been tested by means of cross validations among micro-basins and sub-basins.</p> <p><strong>FILENAMES </strong>– The data files are divided into three categories: Description of the equipment utilized for collecting data and their locations, the data collected from the monitored experimental basins and another with maps, figures and pictures. The file names are designated with the basin name and the content. The files describing the equipment comprise: BASINNAME_DATADESCRIPTION, where BASINNAME could be EBS or EBSJC. The files with the data collected in the experimental basins are denominated like: BASINNAME_DATANAME. The DATANAME will be one of the three that may be, precipitation, runoff and sediment yield, or climatologic data. The file with maps and other information are identified as: BASINNAME_GEOPHYSICDATANAME, and BASINNAME_PICTURES. The geophysical data refer to topographic data, soil data, land cover and the drainage network. Graphs, pictures, etc., are included in the PICTURES file.</p> <p><strong>DATAFORMAT </strong>– The data file about equipment and localization as well as the data collected in experimental units are of the type “. csv”, the geophysical data are of either “.dwg” or “.shp”. The figures and picture are in the format: .jpeg, .png or .tif.</p> <p><strong>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS </strong>– SUDENE – the Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast of Brazil with the cooperation of ORSTOM – the French Government Agency for Technical Cooperation Overseas was responsible for implementing the program of Representative and Experimental Basins in the region beginning in the decade of 1970. Pierre Audry, Eric Cadier, Jean Leprun and Michel Molinier, hydrologists and soil scientists from France played key roles in the selection of site, installation of experimental units and beginning the operation of the EBS. Beronildo Freitas was the engineer from SUDENE responsible for technical coordination and administration. The contributions of other researchers and technical people have been listed by Srinivasan and Galvão (2003). The installation of the research catchment at São João de Cariri had the valuable collaboration of GTZ, the cooperation Agency of the Government of Germany. Dr. Ing Ubald Koch was responsible for getting all the equipment, installing them and conducting research work along with the members of the Hydrology Research Group of the Federal Universities of Paraiba and Campina Grande. Late prof. Manoel Gilberto de Barros efficiently coordinated the field work. Eduardo Figueiredo, Celso Santos and Ricardo Aragão have made note worthy contributions. The Ministry of Science and Technology of Brazil has provided the bulk of the financial support needed for the operation of the basins, through its main funding agencies of CNPq (National Council for Development of Science and Technology) and FINEP (Agency for Financing research Studies and Projects).</p>
Data from: Evaluating temporal turnover in avian species richness in a Mediterranean semiarid region: different responses to elevation and forest cover
<p><span><strong>Aim</strong>.</span><span> When studying the effects of global change on biodiversity, it is far more common for the effects of climate change and land-use changes to be assessed separately rather than jointly. However, the effects of land-use changes in recent decades on species richness in areas affected by climate change have been less studied. </span><span>We assess the temporal turnover in species richness of an avian community between a historical period and a modern one as a consequence of global change.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>. </span><span>Semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem (Southeastern Spain). </span></p> <p><span><strong>Method</strong>.</span><span> We fitted a hierarchical multi-species occupancy </span><span>model for each period (</span><span>1991-1992, and 2012-2017)</span><span>, obtaining avian species-specific estimates of occupancy probability in relation to environmental covariates </span><span>(elevation and forest cover)</span><span>. </span><span>We analyze the relationships between changes in the bird community and environmental variables, analysing the temporal turnover of the species richness and the richness-based species-exchange ratio.</span> </p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>.</span> <span>The estimated species richness accounting for detectability was higher than observed species richness, and decreased in the </span><span>more recent </span><span>period. Following our hypotheses, we observed a dual pattern of species richness increase associated with different elevations, showing different species turnover rates due to the joint effects of climate change and land-use change. There is a trend toward greater species richness with higher elevations that is associated with climate change, where the species turnover rate is low. Also, species richness increased towards lower elevations, but with a high turnover rate. The latter can be due to species expansions through</span><span>ou</span><span>t new habitat configurations in bordering forest systems associated with anthropic land-use changes. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>.</span><span> Our study is of great interest to understand the temporal turnover of avian species richness associated with areas experiencing both climate and land-use change.</span></p>
Data from: Evaluating temporal turnover in avian species richness in a Mediterranean semiarid region: different responses to elevation and forest cover
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Changes in levels of enzymes and osmotic adjustment compounds in key species and their relevance to vegetation succession in abandoned croplands of a semiarid sandy region
<p>Reclamation of cropland from grassland is regarded as a main reason for grassland degradation; understanding succession from abandoned cropland to grassland is thus crucial for vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid areas. Soil becomes dry when cropland is reverted to grassland, and enzyme and osmotic adjustment compounds may help plants to adapt to a drying environment. Croplands that were abandoned in various years on the Ordos Plateau in China, were selected for the analysis of the dynamics of enzymes and osmotic adjustment compounds in plant species during vegetation succession. With increasing number of years since abandonment, levels of superoxide dismutase<span> increased</span><span> in </span><i><span><span>Stipa</span></span></i><i><span><span> bungeana</span></span></i><span>, first decreased </span><span>and then increased in </span><i><span><span>Lespedeza</span></span></i><i><span><span> davurica</span></span></i><span> and </span><i><span><span>Artemisia f</span></span></i><i><span><span>rigida</span></span></i><span>, and fluctuated in </span><i><span><span>Heteropappus altaicus</span></span></i><span>. Levels</span> of<span> peroxidase and catalase in the four species fluctuated</span><span>;</span> levels of<span> proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein either</span><i> </i><span>decreas</span><span>ed</span><span> or</span><span> first </span><span>increase</span><span>d</span><span> and</span><span> then</span><span> generally decreased.</span> According to <span>a </span><span>drought resistance</span><span> index</span>, the <span>drought resistance of the </span><span>four </span><span>species</span><span> was </span><span>ranked in descending order as follows</span>: <i><span>S. bungeana </span></i><span>> </span><i><span>A. frigida </span></i><span>> </span><i><span>H. altaicus</span></i> <span>> </span><i><span>L. davurica</span></i>. The drought resistance ability of the different species was<span> closely linked with vegetation succession from communities dominated by annual and biennial species (with main accompanying species of </span><i><span><span>L.</span></span></i><i><span><span> davurica</span></span></i> <span>and</span><i><span><span> H. altaicus</span></span></i><span>) to communities dominated by perennial species (</span><i><span><span>S.</span></span></i><i><span><span> bungeana</span></span></i><span> and </span><i><span><span>A. f</span></span></i><i><span><span>rigida</span></span></i><span>) when soil became dry owing to increasing evapotranspiration after cropland abandonment. </span>The restoration of <i><span>S. bungeana </span></i>steppe after cropland abandonment on the Ordos Plateau<span> is recommended both as high-quality forage and for environmental sustainability</span>.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Absidia aguabelensis sp. nov.: A new mucoralean fungi isolated from a semiarid region in Brazil
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree of Absidia aguabelensis URM 8213 and related species based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of combined internal transcriber spacer and large subunit of ribosomal DNA. Bootstrap values for Bayesian posterior probabilities over 0.9 and ML greater than or equal to 70% are placed above the branches. Bootstrap values lower than 0.9 and ML less than 70% are marked with "*". The bar indicates the number of substitutions per position. The strain proposed in the current study is shown in bold blue. Cunninghamella phaeospora CBS 692.68 and Cunninghamella vesiculosa CBS 989.96 were used as outgroups.
FIGURE 2 in Absidia aguabelensis sp. nov.: A new mucoralean fungi isolated from a semiarid region in Brazil
FIGURE 2. Absidia aguabelensis sp. nov. (URM 8213). A. Surface of colony on malt extract agar at 25°C. B. Young sporangiophore with sporangium. C. Mature sporangiophores with sporangium, columella, and a bell-shaped apophysis. D, E. Branched sporangiophore; F, G, H, I. Sporangiophore with columella; J. Sporangiospores. Bars: B, C, J = 25 μm; D, E = 50 μm; F, G, H, I = 12.5 μm.
Distribution. Arid and semiarid regions of N, C & W Australia, including Tiwi, Groote Eylandt, and Edward Pellew Is. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Arid and semiarid regions of N, C & W Australia, including Tiwi, Groote Eylandt, and Edward Pellew Is.
Distribution. Sparse and patchy distribution in arid and semiarid regions of Australia, extending E from C Australia to Great Dividing Range in Queensland and N New South Wales. in Molossidae
Distribution. Sparse and patchy distribution in arid and semiarid regions of Australia, extending E from C Australia to Great Dividing Range in Queensland and N New South Wales.
Subspecies and Distribution. G.s.spixiiWagler,1831—EBrazil,Wlimitsundefined. G.s.palustrisThomas,1911—NEBrazil,SoftheAmazonRiverinmoremesicregions. G. s. wellsi Osgood, 1915 — NE Brazil, restricted to lowland caatinga semiarid regions. in Caviidae
Subspecies and Distribution. G.s.spixiiWagler,1831—EBrazil,Wlimitsundefined. G.s.palustrisThomas,1911—NEBrazil,SoftheAmazonRiverinmoremesicregions. G. s. wellsi Osgood, 1915 — NE Brazil, restricted to lowland caatinga semiarid regions.
Afforestation can lower microbial diversity and functionality in deep soil layers in a semiarid region
<p>Afforestation is an effective approach to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems, but often depletes deep soil moisture. Presently, it is not known how an afforestation-induced decrease in moisture affects soil microbial community and functionality, hindering our ability to understand the sustainability of the rehabilitated ecosystems. To address this issue, we examined the impacts of 20 years of afforestation on soil bacterial community, co-occurrence pattern and functionalities along vertical profile (0-500 cm depth) in a semiarid region of China's Loess Plateau. We showed that the effects of afforestation with a deep-rooted legume tree on cropland were greater in deep than that of in top layers, resulting in decreased bacterial beta diversity, more responsive bacterial taxa and functional groups, increased homogeneous selection, and decreased network robustness in deep soils (120-500 cm). Organic carbon and nitrogen decomposition rates and multifunctionality also significantly decreased by afforestation, and microbial carbon limitation significantly increased in deep soils. Moreover, changes in microbial community and functionality in deep layer was largely related to changes in soil moisture. Such negative impacts on deep soils should be fully considered for assessing afforestation's eco-environment effects and for the sustainability of ecosystems because deep soils have important influence on forest ecosystems in semiarid and arid climates. </p>
FIGURE 3 in Erythroxylum pyan (Erythroxylaceae), a new species from the Brazilian semiarid region
FIGURE 3. Distribution of Erythroxylum pyan Costa-Lima (circles) in the Brazilian semiarid region (highlighted in orange).
FIGURE 2. Erythroxylum pyan Costa-Lima. A. Habit. B. Flowering branch. C. Brevistylous flower. D in Erythroxylum pyan (Erythroxylaceae), a new species from the Brazilian semiarid region
FIGURE 2. Erythroxylum pyan Costa-Lima. A. Habit. B. Flowering branch. C. Brevistylous flower. D. Old flowers (without petals). E. Fruiting branch. Photo credit: L.J. Leitão (A, C, D), J.L. Costa-Lima (B), C. Guedes (E).
FIGURE 1. Erythroxylum pyan Costa-Lima. A. Branch, with lenticels. B. Young stipule showing frimbriolate colleters, abaxial view. C in Erythroxylum pyan (Erythroxylaceae), a new species from the Brazilian semiarid region
FIGURE 1. Erythroxylum pyan Costa-Lima. A. Branch, with lenticels. B. Young stipule showing frimbriolate colleters, abaxial view. C. Leaf blade, showing the veins on adaxial view. D. Longistylous flower, with petals removed. E. Dried fruit. Drawing by Felipe Martins.
Figure 2 in What do frog calls tell us about males? The advertisement call of Physalaemus albifrons (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) in the Brazilian semiarid region does not reflect either gonadal investment or energy storage
Figure 2. On the left, testis (solid arrow) and fat bodies (dashed arrow) of Physalaemus albifrons (CHSA. A 140). On the right, spectrogram (top) and oscillogram (bottom) of the typical harmonic note of the advertisement call of Physalaemus albifrons (CASA 241).
Figure 1 in What do frog calls tell us about males? The advertisement call of Physalaemus albifrons (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) in the Brazilian semiarid region does not reflect either gonadal investment or energy storage
Figure 1. Male of Physalaemus albifrons calling in a temporary pond in the Brazilian semiarid region. Photograph: Milena Wachlevski.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.