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33 results for “sessile species”
Impact of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake on the species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages
<p>The impacts of large-scale disturbance events on the species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages across multiple spatial scales are not well understood. To evaluate the influence of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on alpha and beta diversities of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages, we censused sessile assemblages in the mid-shore zone from 2011 to 2019. The census was conducted across 22 study sites on five rocky shores along 30 km of the Sanriku Coast of Japan, which is located 150–160 km north–northwest of the earthquake epicenter. Alpha diversity was measured with three Hill numbers (<em>H</em><sub>0</sub>, <em>H</em><sub>1</sub>, and<em> H</em><sub>2</sub>), which represent the number of equally common species that would exist in a community with the same diversity as the sampled community, with higher values of the subscript indicating more weight placed on abundant species. Beta diversity was measured with two metrics (<em>BD</em><sub>total</sub> at two spatial scales). Values were compared between the years 2011–2019 and the pre-earthquake period (2003–2010). The results show that the Tohoku Earthquake significantly altered the species diversity of intertidal sessile assemblages across multiple spatial scales. All diversity metrics obtained at multiple spatial scales (i.e., alpha diversities: <em>H</em><sub>0</sub>, <em>H</em><sub>1,</sub> and <em>H</em><sub>2</sub>; beta diversities: <em>BD<sub>t</sub></em><sub>otal</sub> at the shore and regional scales) decreased immediately after the earthquake and then increased in subsequent years. Two years after the earthquake, <em>H</em><sub>0</sub> recovered to within the range of pre-earthquake values and <em>H</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>H</em><sub>2</sub> became significantly higher than pre-earthquake values. Most metrics of alpha and beta diversities recovered to pre-earthquake levels after several years, but regional <em>BD</em><sub>total</sub> remained low for a longer period.</p>
Impact of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake on the species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages
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Data from: Strong linkages between depth, longevity and demographic stability across marine sessile species
Understanding the role of the environment in shaping the evolution of life histories remains a major challenge in ecology and evolution. We synthesize longevity patterns of marine sessile species and find strong positive relationships between depth and maximum lifespan across multiple sessile marine taxa, including corals, bivalves, sponges and macroalgae. Using long-term demographic data on marine sessile and terrestrial plant species, we show that extreme longevity leads to strongly dampened population dynamics. We also used detailed analyses of Mediterranean red coral, with a maximum lifespan of 532 yr, to explore the life-history patterns of long-lived taxa and the vulnerability to external mortality sources that these characteristics can create. Depth-related environmental gradients – including light, food availability, temperature, and disturbance intensity –drive highly predictable distributions of life histories that, in turn, have predictable ecological consequences for the dynamics of natural populations.
FIGURES 34–45. Dilemma species. 34–40. Dilemma spectralis. Holotype, MNHN 20818 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 34–45. Dilemma species. 34–40. Dilemma spectralis. Holotype, MNHN 20818, whole specimen and shell views. 34–35. Whole specimen. 34. Posterior. 35. Anterior. Left valve is broken adjacent to byssal gape. 36. Right and left valves, lateral. 37. Ligament in posterodorsal view. 38. Detail of posteroventral shell surface showing periostracum with spicules. 39. Detail of anteroventral shell surface showing periostracum with worn spicules. 40. Right valve, ventral view of internal surface showing hinge. Scale bars: Figures 34–36 = 5 mm; Figures 37–40 = 1 mm. 41–45. Dilemma inexpectatum (Crozier, 1966). Holotype, NMNZ M.018488, left valve. 41–44. Valve views, from left to right: posterior, internal lateral, anterior, external lateral. 45. Detail showing cardinal-like tooth. Scale bars: Figures 41–44 = 5 mm; Figure 45 = 1 mm. Abbreviations: AAS = scar of anterior adductor muscle; BG = byssal gap; BGA = byssal gape (in mantle of broken shell); CT = cardinal-like tooth; ES = escutcheon; HS = hinge socket; IL = inner ligament layer; OL = outer ligament layer; SM = shell margin. Figures 41?44 courtesy Bruce Marshall, copyright Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
FIGURES 30–33. Dilemma frumarkernorum. 30–32. Paratype 1. 30. Posterior, 31 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 30–33. Dilemma frumarkernorum. 30–32. Paratype 1. 30. Posterior, 31. anterior, and 32. right lateral views of animal removed from shell and submerged in fixative. Mantle lobes are intact in all three views. 33. Paratype 2. Animal in shell showing relaxed excurrent siphonal opening. Abbreviations: AA = anterior adductor muscle; BGA = byssal gape; BY = byssus; DD = digestive diverticula; ES = excurrent siphonal opening; F = foot; FM = fused mantle margin; IS = incurrent siphonal opening; ISC = infraseptal chamber; K = kidney; PA = posterior adductor muscle; PBR = posterior byssal retractor muscle; OV = ovary; SE = septum; SC = incurrent siphonal cowl; SSC = supraseptal chamber; ST = stomach; TN = tentacles (on siphonal area); TE = testis; UT = unpaired tentacle. Scale bar: Figures 30–32 = 5 mm.
FIGURES 3–24 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 3–24. Dilemma frumarkernorum. Views of shells. 3–8. Holotype, BMSM 15029. 3–5. Right valve. 3. Posterior. 4. Ve n tr a l. 5. Lateral (internal). 6–8. Left valve. 6. Anterior. 7. Dorsal. 8. Lateral. 9–14. Paratype 2, UF 416419. 9– 11. Right valve. 9. Posterior. 10. Ventral. 11. Lateral (internal). 12–14. Left valve. 12. Anterior. 13. Dorsal. 14. Lateral. 15–20. Paratype 1, USNM 1112670. 15–17. Right valve. 9. Posterior. 10. Ventral. 11. Lateral (internal). 18–20. Left valve. 18. Anterior. 19. Dorsal. 20. Lateral. 21–24. Paratype 4, Frank Frumar Collection, complete shell, partially open. 21. Ventral. 22. Dorsal. 23. Posterior. 24. Anterior. Scale bar (all images at same scale) = 10 mm.
FIGURES 1–2. Dilemma frumarkernorum. 1 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 1–2. Dilemma frumarkernorum. 1. Major muscle scars and anteroposterior shell axis. Axis defined by a line joining median points of the anterior and posterior adductors scars projected onto the sagittal shell plane (Allen, 1985). 2. Dimensional orientations. Abbreviations: AAS = scar of anterior adductor muscle; ABS = Anterior byssal retractor muscle scar seen by transparency, situated in umbonal cavity; APA = anteroposterior axis; H = height; L = length; LI = ligament; PAS = scar of posterior adductor muscle; PBS = scar of posterior byssal retractor muscle; W = width.
FIGURES 54–58. Dilemma species, reconstructed macroanatomy. 54–57. Dilemma spectralis. 54 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 54–58. Dilemma species, reconstructed macroanatomy. 54–57. Dilemma spectralis. 54. Left lateral view with part of mantle wall removed. 55. Detail of mantle cavity in left lateral view showing pair of internal tentacles along posterior edge of excurrent siphon. 56. Detail of mouth region showing labial palps. 57. Posterior region showing siphonal opening, tentacles, and stomach with prey item (a cirolanid isopod.). 58. Comparison of septal ostia in D. frumarkernorum (left) and D. spectralis (right). Posterior view, only left half of septum shown, with dorsal at top and not to scale. Scale bars: Figure 54 = 3 mm, Figure 55 = 2 mm, Figure 56 = 1 mm. Abbreviations: AA = anterior adductor muscle; ALP = anterior labial palps; ASO = anterior group of septal ostia; BO = byssal opening; BY = byssus; DD = digestive diverticula; ES = excurrent siphon; IS = incurrent siphonal opening; ISC = infraseptal chamber; IST = prey item in stomach (a cirolanid isopod); IT = internal tentacles; ITN = tentacles deployed ventrally to incurrent siphon; JTN= tentacles deployed alongside intersiphonal junction; K = kidney; MG = midgut; MO = mouth; MSO = median group of septal ostia; OE = esophagus; PA = posterior adductor muscle; PBR = posterior byssal retractor muscle; PLP = posterior labial palps; PSO = posterior group of septal ostia; OV = ovary; SE = septum; SC = incurrent siphonal cowl; SSC = supraseptal chamber; ST = stomach; UT = unpaired tentacle.
FIGURES 46–53 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 46–53. Dilemma spectralis. Holotype, gross anatomy, major organs and anatomical structures. 46. Posterior view. 47. Anterior view with anterior mantle wall removed. 48–49. Left lateral views. 48. With part of mantle wall removed. 49. Tilted 30º to allow viewing of fused mantle margins and some septal ostia. 50. Right lateral view with part of mantle wall removed. 51. Detail of right side of supraseptal chamber showing internal tentacles anterior to excurrent siphons. 52. Detail of right side of septum around byssal opening showing three groups of septal ostia. 53. Detail of mouth area showing labial palps. Note small posterior labial palps and position of foot extremity in relation to mouth. Scale bars: Figure 46 = 3 mm; Figures 51, 52 = 2 mm; Figure 53 = 1 mm. Abbreviations: AA = anterior adductor muscle; ALP = anterior labial palps; ASO = anterior group of septal ostia; BGA = byssal gape; BY = byssus; DD = digestive diverticula; ES = excurrent siphonal opening; F = foot; FM = fused mantle margin; IS = incurrent siphonal opening; ISC = infraseptal chamber; IT = internal tentacles; K = kidney; MO = mouth; MSO = median group of septal ostia; PA = posterior adductor muscle; PBR = posterior byssal retractor muscle; PE = periostracum; PLP = posterior labial palps; PSM = posterior septal muscle; PSO = posterior group of septal ostia; OV = ovary; SE = septum; SC = incurrent siphonal cowl; SSC = supraseptal chamber; ST = stomach (engorged by content, see Figure 57); UT = unpaired tentacle; TE = testis; TN = tentacles (on siphonal area).
FIGURES 25–29. Dilemma frumarkernorum. Shell hinge and ligament. 25–28. Paratype 2. 25 in A remarkable new genus of carnivorous, sessile bivalves (Mollusca: Anomalodesmata: Poromyidae) with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 25–29. Dilemma frumarkernorum. Shell hinge and ligament. 25–28. Paratype 2. 25. Internal views of shell, SEM. Left valve on left side. 26. Hinge in posteroventral view, SEM. 27. Same view, optical photography. 28. Detail of right valve showing ligament. 29. Paratype 1. Attached valves in ventro-lateral view showing hinge with interlocking teeth and sockets. Scale bars: Figures 25–27, 29 = 2 mm; Figure 28 = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of the sessile crinoid Holopus d'Orbigny from the tropical western Atlantic, with comments on holopodid ecology (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Holopodidae)
FIGURE 2. Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E41507. A, B, crown, about 33 mm high. A, note the 'mailed fist' appearance produced by the tuberculate, near-spinose proximal secundibrachials. B, reverse side of crown with C ray arm removed. C–F, C ray arm. C, F, lateral views; note pinnulation and profiles of large, aboral tubercles of proximal secundibrachs. D, aboral view. E, adoral view. Note that the specimen had an arm removed after it was examined by S.K.D. in 1989 (see Figure 1).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of the sessile crinoid Holopus d'Orbigny from the tropical western Atlantic, with comments on holopodid ecology (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Holopodidae)
FIGURE 1. Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E41507, A-ray central (after Donovan, 1992, figure 1.2). Crown about 33 mm high.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of the sessile crinoid Holopus d'Orbigny from the tropical western Atlantic, with comments on holopodid ecology (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Holopodidae)
FIGURE 3. Holopus from the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, Bahamas, in life position. A–D, F, Holopus rangii d'Orbigny, 1837. A, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 369m. Attached to overhang with arms opened for feeding, near-straight to curved. B, Johnson-Sea- Link I Dive 2051, 654–488m. Arms closed. C, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2260, 619m. Arms open and forming an open 'cage'. D, Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1497, 591m. Arms widely open, with tips of some arms recurved. F, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 396 m. Oblique view into a feeding 'cage'. Note that some arms appear to be in contact with the substrate. E, Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E41507. Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1501, 758 m. Arms closed.
Fleshy red algae mats act as temporary reservoirs for sessile invertebrate biodiversity - Raw data for biodiversity analysis, species list and detailed output data from iNEXT procedure
<p>Raw data for biodiversity analysis, species list and detailed output data from iNEXT procedure for manuscript entitled "Fleshy red algae mats act as temporary reservoirs for sessile invertebrate biodiversity".</p>
FIGURE 1. Chrysopogon densipaniculatus. A. Habit. B. Branch bearing axillary and terminal inflorescence. C1. Panicle. C2. Sessile & Pedicelled spikelets. D1. Ligule. D2. Sheath without keel. E in Chrysopogon densipaniculatus (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): a new species from India
FIGURE 1. Chrysopogon densipaniculatus. A. Habit. B. Branch bearing axillary and terminal inflorescence. C1. Panicle. C2. Sessile & Pedicelled spikelets. D1. Ligule. D2. Sheath without keel. E. Basal portion with cataphylls (Photography by: Shahid Nawaz & Arjun Tiwari)
FIGURE 1. Chrysopogon narayanii A. Habit. B. Spikelet triad. C–G. Sessile spikelet. C. Sessile spikelet. D. Lower glume. E. Upper glume. F. Lower lemma. G in A new species of Chrysopogon (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) from India
FIGURE 1. Chrysopogon narayanii A. Habit. B. Spikelet triad. C–G. Sessile spikelet. C. Sessile spikelet. D. Lower glume. E. Upper glume. F. Lower lemma. G. Upper lemma. Drawn by T. Shaju from live specimens.
FIGURE 2. Reissantia sessiliflora A. Stem showing reticulation. B. Flowering twigs. C. Inflorescence showing sessile flowers. D. Fruit. E in A new species of Reissantia (Celastraceae) from coastal Karnataka, India
FIGURE 2. Reissantia sessiliflora A. Stem showing reticulation. B. Flowering twigs. C. Inflorescence showing sessile flowers. D. Fruit. E. Torn capsule showing seeds.
FIGURE 10. Miconia paucartambensis staminate plant A. Habit. B. Vegetative node with sessile leaves. C. Inflorescence axis D in Six new species of Miconia (Miconieae, Melastomataceae) from the Andes
FIGURE 10. Miconia paucartambensis staminate plant A. Habit. B. Vegetative node with sessile leaves. C. Inflorescence axis D. Inflorescence cyme at anthesis. E. Bracts subtending bracteoles. F. Flower at anthesis (R) and longitudinal section (L). G. Inner surface of hypanthium with calyx teeth and lobes. H. Petal. I. Stamens from left to right: dorsal, ventral and side view. Drawn from Michelangeli 1676, 1677, NY.
FIGURE 1. Sisyrinchium antemeridianum Aita & L.Eggers. A. Habit B. Sessile rhipidium and bract C. Pedunculate rhipidia and bract D in Two new species of Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) from Subtropical Highland Grasslands of Southern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Sisyrinchium antemeridianum Aita & L.Eggers. A. Habit B. Sessile rhipidium and bract C. Pedunculate rhipidia and bract D. Flower in frontal view. From L. Eggers & T.T. Souza-Chies 151(ICN!), drawings by Edson Luís de Carvalho Soares.
FIGURE 2. Hechtia hernandez-sandovalii. Pistillate plant. A. Floral bract. B. Sepals. C. Petals. D. Ovary with sessile stigma E in A new species of Hechtia (Bromeliaceae) from southwestern Tamaulipas, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Hechtia hernandez-sandovalii. Pistillate plant. A. Floral bract. B. Sepals. C. Petals. D. Ovary with sessile stigma E. Longitudinal section of the ovary showing details of ovules. F. Staminode. (Based on C. Jiménez et al. 27 (CICY)). Illustration by Carlos Jiménez.
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