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571 results for “sex difference”
Sex differences in visuomotor tracking
<p>This excel file contains individual data from two cohorts presented in our publication. </p> <p>Each excel sheet presents a separate portion of data (=>one sheet per figure)</p>
Plotting sex differences in global causes of morbidity
<p>Data, code and graphics for causes of disability-adjusted life-years globally, separated by sex and by age-group. Data was downloaded from the World Health Organisation, 2012 records. This was used in a commissioned review article for eLS http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ , Gilks, William P (October 2016) Sex Differences in Disease Genetics. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0026936 and is also available as an unreviewed, un-edited pre-print on bioarxiv http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/063651 http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/07/13/063651</p>
Plotting sex differences in genetics of waist-hip ratio
<p>For plotting results of genome-wide association study results on waist-hip ratio, originally by Shungin et al 2015 doi: 10.1038/nature14132, to be used in a commissioned review article for eLS http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ , to be published soon, and currently available as an unreviewed, un-edited pre-print on bioarxiv http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/063651</p>
Dataset: Sex differences in the impact of social relationships on individual vocal signatures in grey mouse lemurs
<p>Dataset used in the statistical analysis of the publication "Sex differences in the impact of social relationships on individual vocal signatures in grey mouse lemurs (<em>Microcebus murinus</em>)"</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Vocali<span>z</span>ations coordinate social interactions between conspecifics by conveying information concerning the individual or group identity of the sender. Social accommodation is a form of vocal learning where social affinity is signalled by converging or diverging vocali<span>z</span>ations to those of conspecifics. To investigate whether social accommodation is linked to the social lifestyle of the sender, we investigated sex-specific differences in social accommodation in a dispersed living primate, the grey mouse lemur, where females form stable sleeping groups whereas males live solitarily. We used 482 trill calls of 36 individuals from our captive breeding colony to compare acoustic dissimilarity between individuals with genetic relatedness, social contact time and body weight. Our results showed that female trills become more similar the more time females spen<span>d</span> with each other independent of genetic relationship, suggesting vocal convergence. In contrast, male trills were affected more by genetic than social factors. However, focus<span>s</span>ing only on sociali<span>z</span>ed males, male trills diverged from each other the more time males were cage partners. Thus, grey mouse lemurs show the capacity for social accommodation, with females converging their trills to signal social closeness to sleeping group partners, whereas males do not adapt or diverge their trills to signal individual distinctiveness. </p> <p> </p> <p>For details concerning the recording of the trills confer to the publication at doi: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0193</p>
Dataset: Insular cortex dopamine 1 and 2 receptors in methamphetamine conditioned place preference and aversion: Age and sex differences
<p>Dataset for Insular cortex dopamine 1 and 2 receptors in methamphetamine conditioned place preference and aversion: Age and sex differences</p>
Data from: Sex differences in the relationship between maternal and foetal glucocorticoids in a free-ranging large mammal
<p><strong>Description</strong><br> <br> This registration contains the data and scripts used for the analysis in the manuscript "Sex differences in the relationship between maternal and neonate cortisol in a free-ranging large mammal" (https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.04.538920). All versions and additional material are posted on the OSF project page: https://osf.io/4ymc8/ </p> <p>Important to note: this is an updated registration from a previous version (www.osf.io/wynke). OSF currently does not allow to change the files that were uploaded previously, which is why we switched to Zenodo. Future updates to the dataset and scripts will take place here. </p> <p><br> <strong>Changes to previous version</strong></p> <p>Following our review process at PCI Ecology, we made some changes (mostly additions) to the previous version. This includes the addition of more raw data. </p> <p>Changes to the previous version include: </p> <p>- We added the raw faecal data (“Raw_faecal_data.csv) along with a script (“Faecal exploration .R”), which loads the raw faecal datafile and does some minor investigations on it. These include checking whether the sampling time or day matter, and calculating a repeatability estimate.<br> - In “Faecal exploration.R”, we highlight the outlier that we removed. <br> - We have added the t-test reported in the manuscript to the script “Analysis.R”.<br> - In “Analysis.R”, we now also run the analysis both with as well as without the outlier. We also have adapted our code to plot the outlier in the figure along with the other values. <br> - We have updated the README file to include a description of both the data files and the scripts. <br> </p>
Neglected patterns of variation in transgenerational plasticity: The importance of different sources of environmental variation differs across ages and sexes in a cyprinid fish
<p>Adaptive transgenerational plasticity (TGP) requires individuals to integrate environmental experience across multiple sources. However, few empirical studies have considered that the relative relevance of certain sources might vary across ontogeny and sexes.</p> <p>Here, we address this knowledge gap by studying inducible antipredator defenses, one of the most convincing examples of TGP. We assessed individual and combined effects of perceived high predation risk in mothers, fathers, caring males and personal environments on the morphology of juvenile, adult male and adult female cyprinids Pimephales promelas.</p> <p>Parental rather than personal environmental experience determined morphological defense expression across ages and sexes, likely because parents had a longer sampling period.</p> <p>In juveniles and adult males, egg-mediated environmental experience outweighed sperm-mediated environmental experience in the induction of body shape differences, likely because eggs can transmit information beyond epigenomes. However, in adult females, where body shape responses can be interpreted as life-history plasticity, information from egg and sperm were equally important, likely resulting from different integration mechanisms between morphological and life-history plasticity.</p> <p>The importance of care-mediated relative to gamete-mediated variation changed between juveniles and adult males, likely because they represent short- and long-term environmental experience, respectively. Instead, in adult females, both sources were again equally important, potentially owing to lag-times of life-history plasticity. Parental care intensity only contributed marginally to defense formation.</p> <p>These results highlight age- and sex-specific prioritization of different environmental experiences so as to generate optimal phenotypes.</p>
F I G U R E 2 Fitted logistic curves with 95 in Circadian and seasonal flight activity differences between the sexes of the biocontrol agent Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the impact of host size on adult emergence
F I G U R E 2 Fitted logistic curves with 95% confidence intervals for the effect of Paropsisterna agricola beetle prepupal weight (mg) for three post-beetle prepupal outcomes (dead beetle prepupa, beetle or E. daenerys wasp).
F I G U R E 3 in Circadian and seasonal flight activity differences between the sexes of the biocontrol agent Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the impact of host size on adult emergence
F I G U R E 3 Host beetle prepupal weight (mg) (using both Paropsisterna agricola <80 mg and Paropsis charybdis>80 mg) and the head capsule width (mm) of laboratory-reared Eadya daenerys across both host species (n = 96).
F I G U R E 1 in Circadian and seasonal flight activity differences between the sexes of the biocontrol agent Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the impact of host size on adult emergence
F I G U R E 1 Weekly adult total malaise trap counts for three paropsine leaf beetle hosts of E. daenerys at Runnymede for the 2015/2016 season.
F I G U R E 4 in Circadian and seasonal flight activity differences between the sexes of the biocontrol agent Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the impact of host size on adult emergence
F I G U R E 4 Head capsule width (mm) of adult Eadya daenerys (left) reared in the laboratory on Paropsisterna agricola (n = 179) or (right) collected in the field (n = 253).
Sex differences in behavioural and anatomical estimates of visual acuity in the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri
<p>Among fishes in the family Poeciliidae, signals such as colour patterns, ornaments, and courtship displays play important roles in mate choice and male-male competition. Despite this, visual capabilities in Poeciliids are understudied, in particular visual acuity, the ability to resolve detail. We used three methods to quantify visual acuity in male and female green swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri), a species in which body size and the length of the male's extended caudal fin ('sword') serve as assessment signals during mate choice and agonistic encounters. Topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) was similar in all individuals and characterized by areas of high cell densities located centro-temporally and nasally, as well as a weak horizontal streak. Based on the peak density of RGC in the centro-temporal area, anatomical acuity was estimated to be approximately 3 cycles/degree (cpd) in both sexes. However, a behavioural optomotor assay found significantly lower mean acuity in males (0.8 cpd) than females (3.0 cpd), which was not explained by differences in eye size between males and females. An additional behavioural assay, in which we trained individuals to discriminate striped gratings from grey stimuli of the same mean luminance, also showed lower acuity in males (1-2 cpd) than females (2-3 cpd). Thus, although retinal anatomy predicts identical acuity in males and females, two behavioural assays found higher acuity in females than males, a sexual dimorphism which is rare outside of invertebrates. Overall, our results have implications for understanding how Poeciliids perceive visual signals during mate choice and agonistic encounters.</p>
Dataset for "Evaluation of Publicly Available Information on Sex-related Differences in the Efficacy and Safety of New Molecular Entities and Therapeutic Biological Products"
<p>Contains our extraction sheets with additional documents/notes on methods used in our study.</p>
Fig. 3 in Sex Differences And Sex Identification In The Small-Scaled Scorpionfish, Scorpaena Porcus (Scorpaenidae, Scorpaeniformes)
Fig. 3. Coefficient of variation (CV, %) for relative values of plastic features in adult males (M) and females (F).
Fig. 2 in Sex Differences And Sex Identification In The Small-Scaled Scorpionfish, Scorpaena Porcus (Scorpaenidae, Scorpaeniformes)
Fig. 2. Coefficient of variation (CV, %) for 21 plastic characters in adult males (M) and females (F).
Fig. 1 in Sex Differences And Sex Identification In The Small-Scaled Scorpionfish, Scorpaena Porcus (Scorpaenidae, Scorpaeniformes)
Fig. 1. Differentiation of males of the small-scaled scorpionfish on absolute values of 21 plastic characters.
Two-sex integrated population model reveals intersexual differences in life history strategies in Cooper's Hawks
<p>This site contains data files and model code for a dynamic nesting territory occupance model and 2-sex integrated population model for Cooper's hawks in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 2011 - 2020.</p>
Sex-based differences in the use of post-fire habitats by invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina)
<p>Wildfires can modify habitat attributes, and those changes may differentially affect males versus females within a species if there is pre-existing niche divergence between the sexes. We used radio-tracking and dissections to study invasive cane toads (<em>Rhinella marina</em>), and performed transect counts on native frogs and cane toads 12 months after extensive fires in forests of eastern Australia. Both toads and native frogs were encountered more frequently in burned sites than in unburned sites. Most microhabitat features were similar between burned versus unburned areas, but fire had differential impacts on the ecology of male versus female toads. In burned areas females were less numerous but were larger, in better body condition, and had consumed more prey (especially, coleopterans and myriapods). The impact of fire on attributes of retreat-sites (e.g., temperature, density of vegetation cover) also differed between the sexes. More generally, intraspecific divergence in ecological traits within a species (as a function of body size as well as sex) may translate into substantial divergences in the impacts of habitat change.</p>
Multilevel selection on social network traits differs between sexes in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p>Both individual and group behavior can influence individual fitness, but multilevel selection is rarely quantified on social behaviors. Social networks provide a unique opportunity to study multilevel selection on social behaviors, as they describe complex social traits and patterns of interaction at both the individual and group levels. In this study, we used contextual analysis to measure the consequences of both individual network position and group network structure on individual fitness in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles (<em>Bolitotherus</em> <em>cornutus</em>) with two different resource distributions. We found that males with high individual connectivity (strength) and centrality (betweenness) had higher mating success. However, group network structure did not influence their mating success. Conversely, we found that individual network position had no effect on female reproductive success but that females in populations with many social interactions experienced lower reproductive success. The strength of individual-level selection in males and group-level selection in females intensified when resources were clumped together, showing that habitat structure influences multilevel selection. Individual and emergent group social behavior both influence variation in components of individual fitness but impact male mating success and female reproductive success differently, setting up intersexual conflicts over patterns of social interactions at multiple levels. </p>
Limited sex differences in plastic responses suggest evolutionary conservatism of thermal reaction norms: A meta-analysis in insects
<p>Temperature has a profound effect on the growth and development of ectothermic animals. However, the extent to which ecologically-driven selection pressures can adjust thermal plastic responses in growth schedules is not well understood. Comparing temperature-induced plastic responses between sexes provides a promising but underexploited approach to evaluating the evolvability of thermal reaction norms: males and females share largely the same genes and immature environments but typically experience different ecological selection pressures. We proceed from the idea that substantial sex differences in plastic responses could be interpreted as resulting from sex-specific life-history optimization, whereas similarity among the sexes should rather be seen as evidence of an essential role of physiological constraints. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of sex-specific thermal responses in insect development times, using data on 161 species with comprehensive phylogenetic and ecological coverage. As a reference for judging the magnitude of sex-specificity in thermal plasticity, we compared the magnitude of sex differences in plastic responses to temperature with those in response to diet. We show that sex-specific responses of development times to temperature variation are broadly similar. We also found no strong evidence for sex-specificity in thermal responses to depend on the magnitude or direction of sex differences in development time. Sex differences in temperature-induced plastic responses were systematically less pronounced than sex differences in responses induced by variations in larval diet. Our results point to the existence of substantial constraints on the evolvability of thermal reaction norms in insects as the most likely explanation. If confirmed, the low evolvability of thermal response is an essential aspect to consider in predicting evolutionary responses to climate warming.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.