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286 results for “sex expression”
Multi-study reanalysis of 2213 acute myeloid leukemia patients reveals age- and sex-dependent gene expression signatures
<p>Supplemental Information, Supplementary Tables, and Supplementary Files, as well as accompanying data for the manuscript "Stratified computational meta-analysis of 2213 acute myeloid leukemia patients reveals age- and sex-dependent gene expression signatures" by Raeuf Roushangar and George I. Mias. </p>
Seasonal but not sex-biased gene expression of the carotenoid ketolase, CYP2J19, in the sexually dichromatic southern red bishop (Euplectes orix)
<p>Intense red colors in birds are often due to ketocarotenoids (KCs). In many land birds, KCs are oxidized from dietary yellow precursors, presumably by the avian carotenoid ketolase CYP2J19, the regulation and constraints of which have important implications for condition-dependence and honest signaling of carotenoid color displays. Here we investigate hepatic CYP2J19 gene expression in the seasonally and sexually dichromatic southern red bishop (Euplectes orix) in relation to season, sex, progression of the prenuptial moult, testis size, body condition, reflectance-based redness (hue), and circulating sex steroids. A coloration function of CYP2J19 is supported by seasonal upregulation prior to and during the carotenoid-depositing stage of the male prenuptial moult. However, upregulation was similar in females (which do not moult prenuptially), and remained high in males after moult, suggesting additional or alternative functions of hepatic CYP2J19 or its products, such as detoxification or antioxidants, respectively. In males, the CYP2J19 upregulation preceded and was unrelated to the rise in plasma testosterone, but was correlated with androstenedione, likely of adrenal origin and compatible with luteinizing hormone-induced and (in females) estrogen-suppressed moult. Finally, contrary to ideas that carotenoid ketolation rate mediates honest signaling, CYP2J19 expression was not related to male body condition or plumage redness.</p>
FIG. 5 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 5. — The sex ratio in mixed population at locality Zhůří 1. Unbordered pie charts refer to clade 1, bordered ones represent clade 2. The patch in the larger circle contained plants of both clades, so this patch must be excluded from evaluating sex ratio in separated clades.
FIG. 3 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 3. — Rates of male (blue), female (red) and non-expressing (green) plants at studied localities of Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs clade 1 and 2.
FIG. 2 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 2. — The expressed sex ratio at studied localities of H. vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs. In mixed populations,only single-clade patches were used for the assessment.
FIG. 4 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 4.— Sex ratio at localities with co-occurring cryptic species. All, without distinguished clades; cl. 1, clade 1; cl. 2, clade 2; Šimanov, Šimanovské rašeliniště. Only barcoded shoots were used to create this graph.
FIG. 1 in Expressed sex ratio in populations of the moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Scorpidiaceae) in the Czech Republic with consideration of its cryptic species
FIG. 1.— The sex expression of Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs in the Czech Republic at individual localities assessed at two levels of pooling hierarchy ("shoots at localities" and "patches at localities").
Data for: Effects of testosterone on gene expression are concordant between sexes but divergent across species of Sceloporus lizards
<p>Hormones mediate sexual dimorphism by regulating sex-specific patterns of gene expression, but it is unclear how much of this regulation involves sex-specific hormone levels versus sex-specific transcriptomic responses to the same hormonal signal. Moreover, transcriptomic responses to hormones can evolve, but the extent to which hormonal pleiotropy in gene regulation is conserved across closely related species is not well understood. We addressed these issues by elevating testosterone levels in juvenile females and males of three <em>Sceloporus </em>lizard species prior to sexual divergence in circulating testosterone<em>, </em>then characterizing transcriptomic responses in the liver. In each species, more genes were responsive to testosterone in males than in females, suggesting that early developmental processes prime sex-specific transcriptomic responses to testosterone later in life. However, overall transcriptomic responses to testosterone were concordant between sexes, with no genes exhibiting sex-by-treatment interactions. By contrast, hundreds of genes exhibited species-by-treatment interactions, particularly when comparing distantly related species with different patterns of sexual dimorphism, suggesting evolutionary lability in gene regulation by testosterone. Collectively, our results indicate that early organizational effects may lead to sex-specific differences in the magnitude, but not the direction, of transcriptomic responses to testosterone, and that the hormone-genome interface accrues regulatory changes over evolutionary time.</p>
Figure 4 in Differential gene expression pattern and plasma sex steroids during testicular development in Genyatremus luteus (Perciforme: Haemulidae) (Bloch, 1790)
Figure 4. Principal component analysis (PCA) used to classify the influence of lhr and er gene expression, plasma steroids (11-KT, 17- OHP and E2), ichthyological parameters and GSI on male G. luteus individuals. Legend: LHR = LH receptor; ER = estrogen receptor; KT = 11-ketotestosterone; E2 = 17β-estradiol; OHP = 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone; TW = total weight; TL = total length; GW = gonad weight; GSI = gonadosomatic index.
Figure 1 in Differential gene expression pattern and plasma sex steroids during testicular development in Genyatremus luteus (Perciforme: Haemulidae) (Bloch, 1790)
Figure 1. Photomicrographs of germ cell and testes development stages of Genyatremus luteus. Stages were determined as (A) Immature, (B) Maturing, (C) Mature. Abbreviations are as follows: SPG, spermatogonia; SPC, spermatocyte; SPZ, spermatozoa. All panels were at 60x magnification.
Figure 2 in Differential gene expression pattern and plasma sex steroids during testicular development in Genyatremus luteus (Perciforme: Haemulidae) (Bloch, 1790)
Figure 2. Steroid concentrations in the blood plasma of male Genyatremus luteus individuals during their reproductive cycle. (A) 11-ketotestosterone. (B) 17 α-hidroxy progesterone. (C) 17β-estradiol. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. abc: indicates statistically significant difference (p<0.05).
Data for: Effects of testosterone on gene expression are concordant between sexes but divergent across species of Sceloporus lizards
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Seasonal but not sex-biased gene expression of the carotenoid ketolase, CYP2J19, in the sexually dichromatic southern red bishop (Euplectes orix)
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Data from: Hypoxia disrupts sex-specific physiology and gene expression leading to decreased fitness in the estuarine sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
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High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms
<p>Differences between males and females are usually more subtle in dioecious plants than animals, but strong sexual dimorphism has evolved convergently in the South African Cape plant genus <i>Leucadendron</i>. Such sexual dimorphism in leaf size is expected largely to be due to differential gene expression between the sexes. We compared patterns of gene expression in leaves among ten <i>Leucadendron </i>species across the genus. Surprisingly, we found no positive association between sexual dimorphism in morphology and the number or the percentage of sex-biased genes. Sex bias in most sex-biased genes evolved recently and was species-specific. We compared rates of evolutionary change in expression for genes that were sex-biased in one species but unbiased in others and found that sex-biased genes evolved faster in expression than un-biased genes. This greater rate of expression evolution of sex-biased genes, also documented in animals, might suggest the possible role of sexual selection in the evolution of gene expression. However, our comparative analysis clearly indicates that the more rapid rate of expression evolution of sex-biased genes predated the origin of bias, and shifts towards bias were depleted in signatures of adaptation. Our results are thus more consistent with the view that sex bias is simply freer to evolve in genes less subject to constraints in expression level.</p>
Antheridiogen controls spatial dynamics of sex‐expression in naturally occurring gametophytes of the tree fern Cyathea multiflora
<p>Background and aims: Antheridiogen systems are an important and widespread mechanism by which sex expression is controlled and genetic diversity maintained in fern gametophyte populations. However, antheridiogens have rarely been studied outside of the laboratory and little is known about their function in natural populations. Combining predictions based on field and laboratory study, we document the sexual structure of tree fern gametophyte populations and test the effects of antheridiogen <em>in situ</em>. </p> <p>Key results: In all populations, sex ratios indirectly indicate antheridiogen activity. No hermaphroditic gametophytes were identified in any population. Female gametophytes are randomly distributed in each population while male gametophytes tend to cluster. In two of the populations, male sex expression is spatially dependent on females, providing direct evidence of antheridiogen function <em>in situ</em>.</p> <p>Conclusions: This study provides the first documentation of spatial sex expression in natural gametophyte populations of an antheridiogen-producing tree fern species. The profound impact of antheridiogen on gametophyte sex expression in field settings suggests this system is intimately tied to mating systems, fitness, and genetic diversity in <em>Cyathea multiflora</em>.</p>
Antheridiogen controls spatial dynamics of sex‐expression in naturally occurring gametophytes of the tree fern Cyathea multiflora
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High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms
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Sex-specific expression of circadian rhythms enables allochronic speciation
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Data from: Sex-specific developmental alterations in DYRK1A expression in the brain of a Down syndrome mouse model
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Allen Brain Atlas
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