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26 results for “sexual display”
Microsatellite data of the paper "A putatively new ant species from the Cataglyphis cursor group displays low levels of polyandry with standard sexual reproduction"
<p>Fifty colonies of the ant Cataglyphis cursor were sampled at their nest entrance in two localities separated by 79km in the plain of Avila, west of Madrid, in July 2015 for Salobralejo (27 colonies) and in April 2014 for Castrillo de Guareña (23 colonies). Only workers near the nest entrance were collected. In Salobralejo, we also collected nine gynes at the nest entrance in three colonies. After collection, the individuals were preserved in 95% Ethanol (with 5% Tris-EDTA). From the 50 colonies sampled, we genotyped a single worker per colony for 37 colonies (Table S1). For the other 13 colonies, 114 workers were collected and genotyped to assess the colony genetic structure (86 workers from nine colonies in Salobralejo and 28 workers from four colonies in Castrillo). We also genotyped the nine gynes found in three colonies in Salobralejo. A total of 160 individuals were screened for thirteen microsatellite loci used by Eyer et al. (2023) and two supplementary loci (L76 and L3653) were amplified. The L26 locus was excluded because of amplification failures in nine individuals (18% of samples) and a highly significant Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (<em>P</em> < 00001 for both sites). </p> <p>The file contain the locality (Salobralejo or Castrillo), the colony number and individual identification number (code), the caste (worker or gyne). For each locus, the two alleles are provided and characterised by their size. </p>
High sexual display trait diversity without measured genetic divergence in a montane hybrid zone involving young species (Habronattus americanus subgroup, Araneae, Salticidae)
<p>Genetic introgression, allele exchange across species boundaries, is a commonly recognized feature of animal evolution. Under such a paradigm contemporary contact zones provide first-hand and complementary insight into the geographic, phenotypic, and genetic details of introgression. Also, when mate choice phenotypes are conspicuous and variable in hybrids, contact zones provide potential insight into how sexual selection interacts with species boundary maintenance, particularly when postzygotic reproductive isolation is weak. The <em>Habronattus</em> <em>americanus</em> subgroup includes several recently evolved jumping spider species, with an estimated age of about 200,000 years, and substantial evidence for hybridization and introgression. We explored a contact zone involving <em>H. americanus</em> (Keyserling, 1885) and <em>H. kubai</em> (Griswold, 1979) on Mount Shasta, California, in alpine habitats that would have been unavailable (under ice) at the Last Glacial Maximum. We characterized morphological diversity within the contact zone, including the fine-scale geographic distribution of hybrid and parental individuals, and assessed genetic variation using ddRADseq data. Combined results indicate a lack of measured genomic differentiation between specimens with distinct morphologies, including individuals with phenotypes of the parental species. We identified a diverse array of hybrid morphologies, with phenotypic evidence for backcrossing, essentially forming a phenotypic bridge between parental taxa. The study area is characterized by more hybrid than parental individuals, with a significantly larger number of red-palped morphologies than white and/or yellow-palped morphologies; the novel, white-palped phenotype is perhaps transgressive. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the expected ebb and flow of lineage interactions during the early stages of speciation.</p>
Sexual selection and species recognition promote complex male courtship displays in ungulates
<p>Identifying the evolutionary drivers of sexual signal complexity is a key challenge in the study of animal communication. Among mammals, male bovids and cervids often perform elaborate gestural displays during courtship, consisting of ritualized movements of various parts of the body but the causes underlying interspecific variation in complexity of such displays remain poorly understood. Here we apply the comparative method to investigate which factors may have either promoted or constrained gestural repertoire size. </p> <p>We found that sexual selection was a strong predictor of gestural display complexity in male bovids and cervids. Repertoire size was positively correlated with breeding group size, an indicator of the intensity of sexual selection on males. Moreover, repertoires were larger in species adopting non-territorial and lek breeding mating systems than in species adopting resource-defence territoriality, a finding that can be explained by more emphasis on direct benefits than indirect benefits in resource-defence systems, where male mating success may also be less skewed due to difficulty in monopolising mates.</p> <p>The results also indicate that gestural repertoire size was positively correlated with the number of closely-related species occurring in sympatry. This is consistent with display complexity being selected to facilitate species recognition during courtship and thereby avoid interspecific hybridization. At the same time, repertoire size was negatively associated with male body mass, possibly due to the energetic and mechanical constraints imposed on movements in very large species. By contrast, we found no evidence that the habitat drives selection for complex gestural courtship displays.</p>
Data from: Apomictic and sexual ovules of Boechera display heterochronic global gene expression patterns
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Sexual selection and species recognition promote complex male courtship displays in ungulates
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High sexual display trait diversity without measured genetic divergence in a montane hybrid zone involving young species (Habronattus americanus subgroup, Araneae, Salticidae)
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Sexual signals persist over deep time: ancient co-option of bioluminescence for courtship displays in cypridinid ostracods
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Data from: Contemporary sexual selection does not explain variation in male display traits among populations
Sexual selection is widely hypothesized to facilitate the evolution of reproductive isolation through divergence in sexual traits and sexual trait preferences. However, direct evidence of divergent sexual selection causing intraspecific trait divergence remains limited. Using the wolf spider Schizocosa crassipes, we characterized patterns of female mate choice within and among geographic locations and related those patterns to geographic variation in male display traits to test whether divergent sexual selection caused by mate choice explains intraspecific trait variation. We found evidence of phenotypic selection on male behavior arising from female mate choice, but no evidence that selection varied among locations. Only those suites of morphological and behavioral traits that did not influence mate choice varied geographically. These results are inconsistent with ongoing divergent sexual selection underlying the observed intraspecific divergence in male display traits. These findings align with theory on the potentially restrictive conditions under which divergent sexual selection may persist, and suggest that long-term studies capable of detecting periodic or transient divergent sexual selection will be critical to rigorously assess the relative importance of divergent sexual selection in intraspecific trait divergence.
Data from: Visual effects in great bowerbird sexual displays and their implications for signal design
It is often assumed that the primary purpose of a male's sexual display is to provide information about quality, or to strongly stimulate prospective mates, but other functions of courtship displays have been relatively neglected. Male great bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis) construct bowers that exploit the female's predictable field of view (FOV) during courtship displays by creating forced perspective illusions, and the quality of illusion is a good predictor of mating success. Here, we present and discuss two additional components of male courtship displays that use the female's predetermined viewpoint: (i) the rapid and diverse flashing of coloured objects within her FOV and (ii) chromatic adaptation of the female's eyes that alters her perception of the colour of the displayed objects. Neither is directly related to mating success, but both are likely to increase signal efficacy, and may also be associated with attracting and holding the female's attention. Signal efficacy is constrained by trade-offs between the signal components; there are both positive and negative interactions within multicomponent signals. Important signal components may have a threshold effect on fitness rather than the often assumed linear relationship.
Data from: Stronger convex (stabilizing) selection on homologous sexual display traits in females than in males: a multipopulation comparison in Drosophila serrata
Mutual mate choice for homologous sexual display traits has been demonstrated in Mutual mate choice for homologous sexual display traits has been demonstrated in several recent studies yet little attention has been given to quantitative comparison of the strength and form of mate preferences between the sexes. Such comparisons may provide important insight into the evolution of mate choice for honest signals. In particular, because females generally provide the majority of resources for initial offspring development, female displays may trade-off with fecundity, causing preference evolution to differ between the sexes. Recent theory suggests that adaptive male preferences for honest displays in females are possible under certain conditions and may result in preferences that are convex (i.e. stabilizing) in form. We compared sexual selection on a suite of contact pheromones arising from mutual mate choice using nine separate geographic populations of Drosophila serrata. We show that the convex selection is stronger on females than on males overall in these populations, and that convex selection is the predominate form of nonlinear selection on females but not males.
Supplemental data from: Intraspecific facial bite marks in tyrannosaurids provide insight into sexual maturity and evolution of bird-like intersexual display
<p>Intraspecific aggression, or agonism, is a widespread intrasexual selective behavior important to understanding animal behavioral ecology and reproductive systems. Such behavior can be studied either by direct observation or inferred from wound/scar frequency in extant species, but is difficult to document in extinct taxa, limiting understanding of its evolution. Among extant archosaurs, crocodylians display extensive intrasexual aggression, whereas birds show extreme visual/vocal intersexual display. The evolutionary origin of this behavioral divergence, and pattern in non-avian dinosaurs, is unknown. Here we document the morphology, frequency, and ontogeny of intraspecific facial bite lesions (324 lesions) in a large sample of tyrannosaurids (202 specimens, 528 elements) to infer patterns of intraspecific aggression in non-avian theropods. Facial scars are consistent in position and orientation across tyrannosaurid species, suggesting bites were inflicted due to repeated/postured behavior. Facial scars are absent in young tyrannosaurids, first appear in immature animals (~50% adult skull length), are present in ~60% of the adult-sized specimens, and show aggressor:victim size isometry. The ontogenetic distribution of bite scars suggests agonistic behavior is associated with the onset of sexual maturity, and scar presence in approximately half the specimens may relate to a sexual pattern. Considered in a phylogenetic context, intraspecific bite marks are consistent and widely distributed in fossil and extant crocodyliforms and non-maniraptoriform theropods, suggesting a potential plesiomorphic behavior in archosaurs. Their absence in maniraptoriform theropods, including birds, may reflect a transition from boney cranial ornamentation and crocodylian-like intrasexual aggression to avian-like intersexual display with the evolution of pennaceous feathers.</p>
Data from: Risky ripples allow bats and frogs to eavesdrop on a multisensory sexual display
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Data from: Stronger convex (stabilizing) selection on homologous sexual display traits in females than in males: a multipopulation comparison in Drosophila serrata
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Data from: Visual effects in great bowerbird sexual displays and their implications for signal design
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Data from: Contemporary sexual selection does not explain variation in male display traits among populations
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Data from: Within-individual variation in sexual displays: signal or noise?
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Supplemental data from: Intraspecific facial bite marks in tyrannosaurids provide insight into sexual maturity and evolution of bird-like intersexual display
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Data from: Sexual selection across sensory modalities: female choice of male behavioral and gustatory displays
The role of cuticular hydrocarbons in sexual displays has received considerable interest over the last two decades. For example, multiple studies have documented significant directional and nonlinear sexual selection acting on the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of both male and female insects. The majority of these studies have excluded other sensory modalities that may influence attractiveness, and measured selection using laboratory raised individuals. Furthermore, much of this work has been conducted using drosophilid fruit flies and crickets, and investigations using different taxa are necessary to improve our understanding of broader taxonomic trends. Here we extend our understanding of sexual selection on cuticular hydrocarbons by measuring selection imposed by female mate choice on male bull-horned dung beetles, Onthophagus taurus. Both male and female beetles used in our study were collected from the field, ensuring that our estimates of selection incorporated some degree of naturally occurring variation in both cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and female mate preferences. Consistent with previous studies on this species, we found significant directional selection on male courtship displays. We also found significant nonlinear selection on the male cuticular hydrocarbon profile acting independently of the influence of behavioral courtship. Our data are consistent with a role for cuticular hydrocarbons in the mating system of this species and suggest that female O. taurus use multiple sensory modalities to assess different aspects of male quality.
Data from: Reduced genetic variance among high fitness individuals: inferring stabilizing selection on male sexual displays in D. serrata
Directional selection is prevalent in nature yet phenotypes tend to remain relatively constant, suggesting a limit to trait evolution. However, the genetic basis of this limit is unresolved. Given widespread pleiotropy, opposing selection on a trait may arise from the effects of the underlying alleles on other traits under selection, generating net stabilizing selection on trait genetic variance. These pleiotropic costs of trait exaggeration may arise through any number of other traits, making them hard to detect in phenotypic analyses. Stabilizing selection can be inferred, however, if genetic variance is greater among low compared to high fitness individuals. We extend a recently suggested approach to provide a direct test of a difference in genetic variance for a suite of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in Drosophila serrata. Despite strong directional sexual selection on these traits, genetic variance differed between high and low fitness individuals and was greater among the low fitness males for seven of eight CHCs, significantly more than expected by chance. Univariate tests of a difference in genetic variance were non-significant but likely have low power. Our results suggest that further CHC exaggeration in D. serrata in response to sexual selection is limited by pleiotropic costs mediated through other traits.
Data from: Condition dependence of a multicomponent sexual display trait in Drosophila serrata
Theory predicts that costly sexual displays should evolve condition dependence if the marginal fitness gain from trait exaggeration is greater for high- than for low-condition individuals and that the strength of condition dependence should increase with the strength of directional selection. While there is substantial support for the first prediction, evidence for the latter is much weaker. We undertook a quantitative test of this prediction for a multivariate sexual display consisting of a suite of contact pheromones termed "cuticular hydrocarbons" (CHCs) in Drosophila serrata. We performed a dietary manipulation of condition (i.e., the pool of metabolic resources available for allocation to fitness-enhancing traits) within a half-sibling breeding design, thereby also providing insight into the genetic basis of condition dependence. As predicted, the linear combination of CHCs under the strongest sexual selection from female mate preferences was unusually condition dependent relative to other CHC combinations within the population (P = .049). A significant positive correlation also existed between the strengths of condition dependence and sexual selection among different CHC blends (r = 0.482, P < .001). Finally, sires varied in their response to the dietary manipulation, demonstrating significant genetic variance in condition dependence. Our results are consistent with the evolution of heightened condition dependence of sexual displays in response to persistent sexual selection.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.