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16 results for “sexual trait variation”
Fig. 3 in Sexual Size Dimorphism in Ground Beetle Carabus cumanus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and its Variation in Different Traits
Fig. 3. Results of RMA regression in C. cumanus traits: a - elytra length, b - elytra width, c - pronotum length, d - pronotum width, e - head length, f - distance between eyes (1 - steppe biotope, 2 - forest biotope. Circles and triangles denote individuals measured in forest and steppe biotopes respectively. Black dotted line denotes isometry)
Fig. 4 in Sexual Size Dimorphism in Ground Beetle Carabus cumanus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and its Variation in Different Traits
Fig. 4. Values of SSD in different traits in C. cumanus. Significant values of SSD (due to Fig. 3, where deviation from isometric curve were significant) are marked by asterisks (A - elytra length, B - elytra width, V - pronotum length, G - pronotum width, D - head length, E - distance between eyes)
Genomic evidence that a sexually selected trait captures genome-wide variation and facilitates the purging of genetic load
<p><span>The evolution of costly traits like deer antlers and peacock trains, which drove the formation of Darwinian sexual selection theory, has been hypothesised to both reflect and affect patterns of genetic variance across the genome, but direct tests are missing. Here, we used an evolve and re-sequence approach to reveal patterns of genome-wide diversity associated with the expression of a sexually-selected weapon that is dimorphic among males of the bulb mite,</span> <em>Rhizoglyphus robini</em><span>. Populations selected for the weapon </span>showed reduced genome-wide diversity compared to populations selected against the weapon, particularly in terms of the number of segregating non-synonymous positions, indicating enhanced purifying selection. <span>This increased purifying selection reduced inbreeding depression, but outbred female fitness did not improve, possibly because any benefits were offset by increased sexual antagonism. </span>The majority of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that consistently diverged in response to selection were initially rare and overrepresented in exons, and enriched in regions under balancing or relaxed selection, suggesting they are likely moderately deleterious variants. These diverged SNPs were scattered across the genome, <span>further demonstrating that selection for or against the weapon and the associated changes to the mating system can both capture and influence genome-wide variation. </span></p>
Genomic evidence that a sexually selected trait captures genome-wide variation and facilitates the purging of genetic load
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Data from: Contemporary sexual selection does not explain variation in male display traits among populations
Sexual selection is widely hypothesized to facilitate the evolution of reproductive isolation through divergence in sexual traits and sexual trait preferences. However, direct evidence of divergent sexual selection causing intraspecific trait divergence remains limited. Using the wolf spider Schizocosa crassipes, we characterized patterns of female mate choice within and among geographic locations and related those patterns to geographic variation in male display traits to test whether divergent sexual selection caused by mate choice explains intraspecific trait variation. We found evidence of phenotypic selection on male behavior arising from female mate choice, but no evidence that selection varied among locations. Only those suites of morphological and behavioral traits that did not influence mate choice varied geographically. These results are inconsistent with ongoing divergent sexual selection underlying the observed intraspecific divergence in male display traits. These findings align with theory on the potentially restrictive conditions under which divergent sexual selection may persist, and suggest that long-term studies capable of detecting periodic or transient divergent sexual selection will be critical to rigorously assess the relative importance of divergent sexual selection in intraspecific trait divergence.
Data from: Latitudinal variation and coevolutionary diversification of sexually dimorphic traits in the false blister beetle Oedemera sexualis
Sexual traits are subject to evolutionary forces that maximize reproductive benefits and minimize survival costs, both of which can depend on environmental conditions. Latitude explains substantial variation in environmental conditions. However, little is known about the relationship between sexual trait variation and latitude, although body size often correlates with latitude. We examined latitudinal variation in male and female sexual traits in 22 populations of the false blister beetle Oedemera sexualis in the Japanese Archipelago. Males possess massive hind legs that function as a female‐grasping apparatus, while females possess slender hind legs that are used to dislodge mounting males. Morphometric analyses revealed that male and female body size (elytron length), length and width of the hind femur and tibia, and allometric slopes of these four hind leg dimensions differed significantly among populations. Of these, three traits showed latitudinal variation, namely, male hind femur was stouter; female hind tibia was slenderer, and female body was smaller at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. Hind leg sizes and shapes, as measured by principal component analysis of these four hind leg dimensions in each sex, covaried significantly between sexes, suggesting coevolutionary diversification in sexual traits. Covariation between sexes was weaker when variation in these traits with latitude was removed. These results suggest that coevolutionary diversification between male and female sexual traits is mediated by environmental conditions that vary with latitude.
Genetic variation for sexual dimorphism in developmental traits in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Sexual dimorphism in traits of insects during the developmental stages could potentially be the direct or indirect result of sex-specific selection provided that genetic variation for sexual dimorphism is present. We investigated genetic variation in sexual dimorphism in a set of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> inbred lines for two traits: egg to adult development time and pupation site preference. We observed considerable genetic variation in sexual dimorphism among lines in both traits. The sexual dimorphic patterns remained relatively consistent across multiple trials, despite both traits being sensitive to environmental conditions. Additionally, we measured two sexually dimorphic adult morphological traits in six sampled lines and investigated correlations in the sexual dimorphism patterns with the two developmental traits. The abundance of genetic variation in sexual dimorphism for <em>D. melanogaster </em>developmental traits demonstrated in this study provides evidence for a high degree of evolvability of sex differences in pre-adult traits in natural populations.</p>
Data from: Latitudinal variation and coevolutionary diversification of sexually dimorphic traits in the false blister beetle Oedemera sexualis
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Does breeding season variation affect evolution of a sexual signaling trait in a tropical lizard clade?
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Data from: Contemporary sexual selection does not explain variation in male display traits among populations
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Genetic variation for sexual dimorphism in developmental traits in Drosophila melanogaster
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Fig. 2 in Sexual Size Dimorphism in Ground Beetle Carabus cumanus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and its Variation in Different Traits
Fig. 2. Descriptive statistics of morphometric traits in C. cumanus: a - elytra length, b - elytra width, c - pronotum length, d - pronotum width, e - head length, f - distance between eyes (Mean, Mean±2*SE, Mean±SD, - Outliers, * Extremes, f - females, m - males, 1 - steppe slope, 2 - flood plain forest)
Fig. 1 in Sexual Size Dimorphism in Ground Beetle Carabus cumanus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and its Variation in Different Traits
Fig. 1. Studied morphometric characteristics in C. cumanus (A – elytra length, B – elytra width, V – pronotum length, G – pronotum width, D – head length, E – distance between eyes)
Data from: Variation and correlations between sexual, asexual and natural enemy resistance life-history traits in a natural plant pathogen population
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Data from: Variation in the condition-dependence of individual sexual traits in male eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki
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Data from: Male-female genotype interactions maintain variation in traits important for sexual interactions and reproductive isolation
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