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Dataset for the published article "ITER relevant multi-emissive sheaths at normal magnetic field inclination"
<p>The data contained in the zip files constitute the main research data of the publication entitled as "<a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-4326/acaabd">ITER relevant multi-emissive sheaths at normal magnetic field inclination</a>" [1]. All the datasets constitute post-processed output from the 2D3V SPICE2 Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code. All the PIC simulations have been performed by M. Komm and A. Podolnik. The input is specified by the plasma density, the electron temperature and the surface temperature. The plasma parameters are relevant to partially mitigated ITER edge-localized modes (ELMs). The output concerns the incident plasma current densities, the emitted electron current densities and their standard deviation, the normal wall electrostatic field, the average electron incident energy, the average electron incident angle with respect to the wall normal and the virtual cathode depth. </p> <p>The assumptions below are followed in all simulations: (i) The Bohm pre-sheath structure is unaltered by the escaping emitted electrons, since the ions are injected at the plasma boundary with a speed distribution satisfying the Bohm criterion. (ii) Irrespective of the emission, the wall is biased with respect to the plasma boundary with a magnitude fixed by the ambipolarity of the plasma fluxes. (iii) The sheath is collisionless. (iv) The wall is perfectly planar. (v) A homogeneous quasi-neutral plasma boundary and an infinite emitting wall with a homogeneous prescribed surface temperature are considered.</p> <p>Sheaths that form between plasma-facing components (PFCs) and standard scrape-off-layer plasmas can be described by the classical model of one-dimensional magnetized multi-positive ion sheaths. There are various conditions that need to be satisfied for this model to be valid such as negligible cross-field drifts, low collisionality and weak electron emission.</p> <p>In contemporary metallic tokamaks, the weak emission condition is violated in the divertor region during intra-ELM as well as inter-ELM periods; thermionic emission being an effective electron emission mechanism from hot tungsten PFCs. As a result of the localized ELM-wetted area, the incident plasma currents can be assumed to remain nearly ambipolar and thus the non-ambipolar current should be equal to the emitted current that escapes to the Bohm pre-sheath. This escaping current density generates a strong volumetric Lorentz force that drives melt layer motion leading to macroscopic PFC erosion. At very elevated surface temperatures, the nominal thermionic current densities are so large that they become incompatible with the classical Bohm pre-sheath structure. As a consequence, space charge accumulation in the sheath leads to the formation of a virtual cathode that limits the escaping thermionic current to a constant value causing the recapture of a fraction of the thermo-electrons. Thus, there is a transition from a monotonic to a non-monotonic potential profile, with the latter known as the space-charge limited (SCL) regime of the emissive sheath. In the case of oblique magnetic field inclination angles, the SCL transition is still realized, but further complications arise due to the suppression of the nominal thermionic current by recapture during Larmor gyration. In contemporary tokamaks, this transition generally occurs at temperatures below the tungsten melting point, thus particular attention has been paid to the SCL sheaths, since they nearly exclusively surround the molten tungsten PFCs. The thermionic emissive sheath in the SCL regime has been thoroughly investigated in our previous works, where an accurate semi-empirical expression for the limited value of the escaping thermionic current as function of the plasma conditions and magnetic field inclination angle was constructed on the basis of systematic PIC simulations [2-4].</p> <p>On the other hand, during ITER intra-ELM periods, the predicted elevated electron temperatures and high plasma densities of the pre-sheath edge should have a strong impact on the emissive sheath established above hot tungsten PFCs. In particular, the high plasma electron temperatures could enable significant contributions from electron-induced electron emission (secondary electron emission and electron backscattering), the intense normal surface electrostatic fields indicate that thermionic emission is coupled with field emission (in the Schottky regime) and the strong plasma currents suggest that virtual cathodes are formed at much higher surface temperatures (so that the monotonic potential profile regime is of primary interest for melt motion). In order to explore this novel multi-emissive sheath regime, a a comprehensive tungsten electron emission model has been implemented that features accurate analytical descriptions of the yields, energy and angular distributions for the processes of field-assisted thermionic emission, secondary electron emission and electron backscattering [5]. In the present publication [1], at normal magnetic field inclinations, highly accurate analytical semi-empirical expressions are provided for the secondary electron emission current, electron backscattering current and thermionic current in the monotonic regime as well as for the total escaping current in the SCL regime. These semi-empirical expressions have been benchmarked against comprehensive PIC simulations, whose primary post-processed data are provided herein.</p> <p>[1] P. Tolias, M. Komm, S. Ratynskaia and A. Podolnik, "ITER relevant multi-emissive sheaths at normal magnetic field inclination", Nucl. Fusion 63 (2023) 026007.<br> [2] M. Komm, S. Ratynskaia, P. Tolias, J. Cavalier, R. Dejarnac, J. P. Gunn and A. Podolnik, "On thermionic emission from plasma-facing components in tokamak-relevant conditions", Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 (2017) 094002.<br> [3] M. Komm, P. Tolias, S. Ratynskaia, R. Dejarnac, J. P. Gunn, K. Krieger, A. Podolnik, R. A. Pitts and R. Panek, "Simulations of thermionic suppression during tungsten transient melting experiments", Phys. Scr. T170 (2017) 014069.<br> [4] M. Komm, S. Ratynskaia, P. Tolias and A. Podolnik, "Space-charge limited thermionic sheaths in magnetized fusion plasmas", Nucl. Fusion 60 (2020) 054002.<br> [5] P. Tolias, M. Komm, S. Ratynskaia and A. Podolnik, "Origin and nature of the emissive sheath surrounding hot tungsten tokamak surfaces", Nucl. Mater. Energy 25 (2020) 100818.</p> <p> </p>
Effect of net direct current on the properties of radio frequency sheaths: simulation and cross-code comparison
<p>The accompanying files contain digital data for figures in the article "Effect of net direct current on the properties of radio frequency sheaths: simulation and cross-code comparison" by J. R. Myra, M.T. Elias, D. Curreli, and T. G. Jenkins, submitted to the journal Nucl. Fusion.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>In order to understand, predict and control ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) interactions with tokamak scrape-off layer plasmas, computational tools which can model radio frequency (RF) sheaths are needed. In particular, models for the effective surface impedance and DC rectified sheath potentials may be coupled with full wave RF simulation codes to predict self-consistent wave fields near surfaces and the resulting power dissipation and plasma-material interactions from ion sputtering. In this study, previous work assuming zero net DC current flow through the sheath is generalized to allow the surface to collect net positive or negative current, as is often observed in experiments. The waveforms, DC potential and RF admittance are investigated by means of analytical theory, nonlinear fluid and particle-in-cell (PIC) codes. Cross-code comparisons provide detailed model verification and elucidate the roles of ion and electron kinetics. When the sheath draws negative (positive) DC current, the voltage rectification is reduced (increased) compared with the zero-current case, and both the real and imaginary parts of the admittance are increased (reduced). A previous four-input parametrization of the sheath rectification and admittance properties is generalized to include a fifth parameter describing the DC sheath current. </p>
Physics-based parametrization of the surface impedance for radio frequency sheaths
<p>The accompanying files contain digital data for the figures in the article "Physics-based parametrization of the surface impedance for radio frequency sheaths" by J.R. Myra, Physics of Plasmas 24, 072507 (2017).</p> <p>Filenames correspond to the figures or parts thereof. All data is given as ascii text in csv format. The files may be open and plotted by common spreadsheet programs and may be easily read by procedural programs. The first row gives the column headers. These correspond to the labels on the x and y axes of the figures (as represented by ascii text). Most headers are self-explanatory. Exceptional cases are noted below.</p> <p>Fig. 2<br> w = frequency omega<br> yir20 = real part of ion impedance Re[yi] for Vrf = 20<br> yii20 = imaginary part of ion impedance Im[yi] for Vrf = 20<br> yir10 = real part of ion impedance Re[yi] for Vrf = 10<br> yii10 = imaginary part of ion impedance Im[yi] for Vrf = 10<br> yir5 = real part of ion impedance Re[yi] for Vrf = 5<br> yii5 = imaginary part of ion impedance Im[yi] for Vrf = 5<br> yir0 = real part of ion impedance Re[yi] for Vrf = 0<br> yii0 = imaginary part of ion impedance Im[yi] for Vrf = 0</p> <p>The diagonal blue lines in the published figures for Figs. 3 - 8 indicate the line y = x and are not explicilty tabulated here.</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>The properties of sheaths near conducting surfaces are studied for the case where both magnetized plasma and intense radio frequency (rf) waves coexist. The work is motivated primarily by the need to understand, predict and control ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) interactions with tokamak scrape-off layer plasmas, and is expected to be useful in modeling rf sheath interactions in global ICRF codes. Employing a previously developed model for oblique angle magnetized rf sheaths [J. R. Myra and D. A. D’Ippolito, Phys. Plasmas 22, 062507 (2015)], an investigation of the four-dimensional parameter space governing these sheath is carried out. By combining numerical and analytical results, a parametrization of the surface impedance and voltage rectification for rf sheaths in the entire four-dimensional space is obtained.</p>
Correlation Between Insulation Resistance and Temperature Measurement Error in Type K and Type N Mineral Insulated, Metal Sheathed Thermocouples
<p>Mineral insulated, metal sheathed (MI) Type K and Type N thermocouples are<br> widely used in industry for process monitoring and control. One factor that limits<br> their accuracy is the dramatic decrease in the insulation resistance at temperatures<br> above about 600 °C which results in temperature measurement errors due to electrical<br> shunting. In this work the insulation resistance of a cohort of representative MI<br> thermocouples was characterised at temperatures up to 1160 °C, with simultaneous<br> measurements of the error in indicated temperature by in situ comparison with a reference<br> Type R thermocouple. Intriguingly, there appears to be a systematic relationship<br> between the insulation resistance and the error in the indicated temperature. At<br> a given temperature, as the insulation resistance decreases, there is a corresponding<br> increasingly negative error in the temperature measurement. Although the measurements<br> have a relatively large uncertainty (up to about 1 °C in temperature error and<br> up to about 10 % in insulation resistance measurement), the trend is apparent at all<br> temperatures above 600 °C, which suggests that it is real. Furthermore, the correlation<br> disappears at temperatures below about 600 °C, which is consistent with the<br> well-established diminution of insulation resistance breakdown effects below that<br> temperature. This raises the intriguing possibility of using the as-new MI thermocouple<br> calibration as an indicator of insulation resistance breakdown: large deviations<br> of the electromotive force (emf) in the negative direction could indicate a correspondingly<br> low insulation resistance.</p>
Figures 501-510. Prosternal horns. 501-506, horn sheath. 501 in Morphology of Baridinae and related groups (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Figures 501-510. Prosternal horns. 501-506, horn sheath. 501, Demoda vittata, bifurcate sheath; 502, Orissus christophori, monofurcate sheath; 503-504, Orissus meigenii, monofurcate sheath. 503, lateral view; 504, posterior view; 505, Pseudotorcus rufipes, bifurcate sheath; 506, Anavallius ruficornis, monofurcate sheath. 507-510, horn SEMs. 507, Centrinopus alternatus, lateral aspect; 508, Pycnogeraeus modestus, lateral aspect; 509, Geraeus lineellus, lateral aspect; 510, Demoda vittata, ventral view.
Plate VII (Figures 55–64). Streblocera (Eutanycerus) sharifi Shamim, sp. nov. Figure 55. Head dorsal view. Figure 60. Metasoma showing ovipositor and ovipositor sheath. Figure 56. Head ventral view. Figure 61. Forewing. Figure 57. Pronotal side. Figure 62. Hind leg. Figure 58. Mesosoma in dorsal view. Figure 63. Part of hindwing. Figure 59. First metasomal tergite. Figure 64. Antenna. in The genus Streblocera Westwood (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) from India, with descriptions of 9 new species
Plate VII (Figures 55–64). Streblocera (Eutanycerus) sharifi Shamim, sp. nov. Figure 55. Head dorsal view. Figure 60. Metasoma showing ovipositor and ovipositor sheath. Figure 56. Head ventral view. Figure 61. Forewing. Figure 57. Pronotal side. Figure 62. Hind leg. Figure 58. Mesosoma in dorsal view. Figure 63. Part of hindwing. Figure 59. First metasomal tergite. Figure 64. Antenna.
Plate VIII (Figures 65–70). Streblocera (Eutanycerus) shawi Shamim, sp. nov. Figure 65. Head dorsal view. Figure 68. First metasomal tergite. Figure 66. Part of mesoscutum showing notauli. Figure 69. Mesoscutum showing mesopleuron. Figure 67. Mesoscutum showing propodeum. Figure 70. Metasoma showing ovipositor and ovipositor sheath. in The genus Streblocera Westwood (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) from India, with descriptions of 9 new species
Plate VIII (Figures 65–70). Streblocera (Eutanycerus) shawi Shamim, sp. nov. Figure 65. Head dorsal view. Figure 68. First metasomal tergite. Figure 66. Part of mesoscutum showing notauli. Figure 69. Mesoscutum showing mesopleuron. Figure 67. Mesoscutum showing propodeum. Figure 70. Metasoma showing ovipositor and ovipositor sheath.
Plate III (Figures 17–24): Streblocera (Eutanycerus) etawahiana Shamim, sp. nov. Figure 17. Head dorsal view. Figure 21. Metasoma showing ovipositor and ovipositor sheath. Figure 18. Head ventral view. Figure 22. Antenna. Figure 19. Propodeum. Figure 23. Forewing. Figure 20. First metasomal tergite. Figure 24. Hindwing. in The genus Streblocera Westwood (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) from India, with descriptions of 9 new species
Plate III (Figures 17–24): Streblocera (Eutanycerus) etawahiana Shamim, sp. nov. Figure 17. Head dorsal view. Figure 21. Metasoma showing ovipositor and ovipositor sheath. Figure 18. Head ventral view. Figure 22. Antenna. Figure 19. Propodeum. Figure 23. Forewing. Figure 20. First metasomal tergite. Figure 24. Hindwing.
Text-fig. 2. Celtis popsii sp. nov., UF 279-34460. a: Growth ring with earlywood of multiple rows of vessels solitary and in radial multiples; latewood vessels in wavy tangential bands, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, latewood vessels in multiples with axial parenchyma confluent, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits to right of VRP, oval in outline, with slightly reduced borders, RLS. e: Rays tending to two sizes, some multiseriate rays with distinct sheath cells, multiseriate rays usually with 1 marginal row of square to upright cells, occasionally with 4 or more; uniseriate rays less than 10 cells high, TLS. f: Detail of multiseriate ray with distinct sheath cells, vessel element end walls, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, e; 100 µm in b; 50 µm in c, f; 20 µm in d. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 2. Celtis popsii sp. nov., UF 279-34460. a: Growth ring with earlywood of multiple rows of vessels solitary and in radial multiples; latewood vessels in wavy tangential bands, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, latewood vessels in multiples with axial parenchyma confluent, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits to right of VRP, oval in outline, with slightly reduced borders, RLS. e: Rays tending to two sizes, some multiseriate rays with distinct sheath cells, multiseriate rays usually with 1 marginal row of square to upright cells, occasionally with 4 or more; uniseriate rays less than 10 cells high, TLS. f: Detail of multiseriate ray with distinct sheath cells, vessel element end walls, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, e; 100 µm in b; 50 µm in c, f; 20 µm in d.
Data for: Solvent effects in hyperpolarization of 15N nuclei in [15N3]metronidazole and [15N3]nimorazole antibiotics via SABRE-SHEATH
<p>Raw 15N and 1H NMR spectra for the article which is under revision at the time posting this dataset.</p> <p>These results are also available as preprint at https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-6pg8b</p> <p>15N NMR spectra were acquired using SpinSolve Expert Software (Magritek)</p> <p>1H NMR spectra were acquired using TopSpin (Bruker)</p>
Figure 2 in A rapid assessment of cave occupancy for Pacific sheath-tailed bats (fanihin ganas, Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana swiftlets (chachaguak, Aerodramus bartschi) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands
Figure 2: Locations of caves surveyed for Pacific sheath-tailed bat and Mariana swiftlet occupancy by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife in 2021, with WorldView-2 satellite imagery (dated April 14, 2019) for reference. Surveyed caves are labeled: 1 – East Black Noddy Cave; 2 – Cliff Cave; 3 – Pillar Cave; 4 – Guano Cave; 5 – New Cave Complex; 6 – Southern Cave Complex; 7 – Crevice Cave
Figure 1 in A rapid assessment of cave occupancy for Pacific sheath-tailed bats (fanihin ganas, Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana swiftlets (chachaguak, Aerodramus bartschi) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands
Figure 1: Map depicting the location of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in relation to the Asia-Pacific region and the location of Aguiguan (blue circle) within the archipelago. Sources: Basemaps: Esri, The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geographic, DeLorme, HERE, Geonames.org, Garmin, United States Geological Survey, Earthstar Geographics.
Fig. 4. Finger flexor sheath and pulley system. A in Anatomical Study of the Right Forearm and Hand of One Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) for Comparison with Humans with Respect to Motions of the Thumb and Fingers
Fig. 4. Finger flexor sheath and pulley system. A. The entire sheath of the finger flexor of the ring finger is shown with the names of individual pulleys. The very thick and wide A2′ pulley (a white thick arrow) is located between A2 and C1; B. The inner surface of the sheath showing that A2′ pulley is twice as wide as A3.
Radio frequency wave interactions with a plasma sheath: the role of wave and plasma sheath impedances
<p>The accompanying files contain digital data for figures in the article "Radio frequency wave interactions with a plasma sheath: the role of wave and plasma sheath impedances" by J.R. Myra and H. Kohno, to be submitted to the journal Physics of Plasmas.</p> <p><br> Abstract:<br> RF sheaths form near surfaces where plasma and strong RF fields coexist. The effect of these RF sheaths on wave propagation near the boundary can be characterized by an effective sheath impedance that includes both resistive and capacitive contributions describing RF sheath rectification and RF power absorption in the sheath [J. R. Myra and D. A. D'Ippolito, Phys. Plasmas 22, 062507 (2015)]. Here we define a dimensionless parameter, the ratio of incoming wave impedance to the sheath impedance, which determines the characteristics of the interaction, ranging from quasi-conducting to quasi-insulating, or in the case of matched impedances, to a sheath-plasma resonance. A semi-analytical analysis is carried out for electrostatic slow waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF). For the propagating slow wave case, where the incident wave is partially reflected, the fraction of power dissipated in the sheath is calculated. For the evanescent slow wave case, which admits a sheath-plasma resonance, an amplification factor is calculated. Using the impedance ratio approach, RF sheath interactions are characterized for a range of RF wave and plasma parameters including plasma density, magnetic field angle with respect to the surface, wave frequency and wave-vector components tangent to the surface. For a particularly interesting example case, results are compared with the rfSOL code [H. Kohno and J. R. Myra, Comput. Phys. Commun. 220, 129 (2017)]. Finally electromagnetic effects, absent from the semi-analytical analysis, are assessed.</p>
Calculation of RF sheath properties from surface wave-fields: a post-processing method
<p>The accompanying files contain digital data for figures in the article "Calculation of RF sheath properties from surface wave-fields: a post-processing method" by J.R. Myra and H. Kohno, submitted to the journal Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion.</p> <p><br> Abstract:</p> <p>In ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) experiments in fusion research devices, radio frequency (RF) sheaths form where plasma, strong RF wave fields and material surfaces coexist. These RF sheaths affect plasma material interactions such as sputtering and localized power deposition, as well as the global RF wave fields themselves. RF sheaths may be modeled by employing a sheath boundary condition (BC) in place of the more customary conducting wall BC; however, there are still many ICRF computer codes that do not implement the sheath BC. In this paper we present a method for post-processing results obtained with the conducting wall BC. The post-processing method produces results that are equivalent to those that would have been obtained with the RF sheath BC, under certain assumptions. The post-processing method is also useful for verification of sheath BC implementations and as a guide to interpretation and understanding of the role of RF sheaths and their interactions with the waves that drive them.</p> <p> </p>
Subgenus Lestes (15-28). L. sponsa: 15. Left side of head of ♂ showing ridge behind antennal cavity; 16. pterostigma of right forewing; 17-18. anal appendages dorsally and from left; 19. prophallus; 20. terminal segments and ovipositor sheath and vulvar scale at its base (all Germany except prophallus from Japan). L. barbarus (Morocco): 21. right anal appendages from above; 22. prophallus. L. dryas (California): 23. anal appendages dorsally, 24. prophallus. L. macrostigma (Turkey): 25, 26. the same. L. virens (Germany): 27, 28. the same. f = flange, hd = hood, li = ligula, sc = scoop, sh = shelf. in A revision of African Lestidae (Odonata) (excerpt)
Subgenus Lestes (15-28). L. sponsa: 15. Left side of head of ♂ showing ridge behind antennal cavity; 16. pterostigma of right forewing; 17-18. anal appendages dorsally and from left; 19. prophallus; 20. terminal segments and ovipositor sheath and vulvar scale at its base (all Germany except prophallus from Japan). L. barbarus (Morocco): 21. right anal appendages from above; 22. prophallus. L. dryas (California): 23. anal appendages dorsally, 24. prophallus. L. macrostigma (Turkey): 25, 26. the same. L. virens (Germany): 27, 28. the same. f = flange, hd = hood, li = ligula, sc = scoop, sh = shelf.
Supplementary Material: Putative novel hydrogen- and iron-oxidizing sheath-producing Zetaproteobacteria thrive at the Fåvne deep-sea hydrothermal vent field
<p>This repository contains four Supplementary Material files related to the manuscript "<strong>Putative novel hydrogen- and iron-oxidizing sheath-producing Zetaproteobacteria thrive at the Fåvne deep-sea hydrothermal vent field</strong>".</p> <p>1) SupplementaryMaterial1_TableS1.pdf</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Material 1.</strong> Sampling locations.</p> <p>2) SupplementaryMaterial2.pdf</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Material 2.</strong> Supplementary Data and Figures.</p> <p>3) SupplementaryMaterial3.xlsx</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Material 3.</strong> Supplementary Tables.</p> <p>Supplementary Table S1. Viral populations in Fåvne black smoker iron microbial mat.<br> Supplementary Table S2. MAGs present in the black smoker iron microbial mat.<br> Supplementary Table S3. Coverage of Zetaproteobacteria MAGs in Fåvne samples.<br> Supplementary Table S4. Zetaproteobacteria MAGs used in this study.<br> Supplementary Table S5. Predicted gene expression based on codon usage.<br> Supplementary Table S6. Hydrogenase Hya included in the hya phylogenetic tree.<br> Supplementary Table S7. Cyc2 included in the cyc2 phylogenetic tree.<br> Supplementary Table S8. Results of proteomics analysis.<br> Supplementary Table S9. Heavy metal resistance genes identified using BacMet database.<br> Supplementary Table S10. Sequencing statistics for MinION Nanopore sequencing.<br> Supplementary Table S11. Sequencing statistics for Illumina NovaSeq sequencing. <br> Supplementary Table S12. Assembly statistics for comparison, based on MetaQUAST. <br> Supplementary Table S13. List of single-copy marker genes used for concatenated phylogeny.<br> Supplementary Table S14. Selected genes for metabolism annotation.</p> <p>4) SupplementaryMaterial4.mp4</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Material 4.</strong> Sampling video of black smoker iron microbial mats at Fåvne hydrothermal vent (North Tower vent site).</p>
Phase 3 Study of Pexidartinib for Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS) or Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath (GCT-TS)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02371369. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 12. Publications: 5.
Data from: Quantifying shape and ecology in avian pedal claws: the relationship between the bony core and keratinous sheath
Terrestrial tetrapods use their claws to interact with their environments in a plethora of ways. Birds in particular have developed a diversity of claw shapes since they are often not bound to terrestrial locomotion and have heterogeneous body masses ranging several orders of magnitude. Numerous previous studies have hypothesized a connection between pedal claw shape and ecological mode in birds, yet have generated conflicting results, spanning from clear ecological groupings based on claw shape to a complete overlap of ecological modes. The majority of these studies have relied on traditional morphometric arc measurements of keratinous sheaths and have variably accounted for likely confounding factors such as body mass and phylogenetic relatedness. To better address the hypothesized relationship between ecology and claw shape in birds, we collected 580 radiographs allowing visualization of the bony core and keratinous sheath shape in 21 avian orders. Geometric morphometrics was used to quantify bony core and keratinous sheath shape and was compared to results using traditional arc measurements. Neither approach significantly separates bird claws into coarse ecological categories after integrating body size and phylogenetic relatedness; however, some separation between ecological groups is evident and we find a gradual shift from the claw shape of ground-dwelling birds to those of predatory birds. Further, the bony claw core and keratinous sheath are significantly correlated, and the degree of functional integration does not differ across ecological groups. Therefore, it is likely possible to compare fossil bony cores with extant keratinous sheaths after applying corrections. Finally, traditional metrics and geometric morphometric shape are significantly, yet loosely correlated. Based on these results, future workers are encouraged to use geometric morphometric approaches to study claw geometry and account for confounding factors such as body size, phylogeny, and individual variation prior to predicting ecology in fossil taxa.
Figures 1–7. - Scolioneuravaccinii. 1 Dorsal 2 Lateral 3 Antenna 4 Head front 5 Head dorsal 6 Hind tarsus 7 Sheath, lateral.
Figures 1–7. - Scolioneuravaccinii. 1 Dorsal 2 Lateral 3 Antenna 4 Head front 5 Head dorsal 6 Hind tarsus 7 Sheath, lateral.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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OpenNeuro
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