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10 results for “shell colour”
Shell colour diversification induced by ecological release: a shift in natural selection after a migration event
<p><span>Ecological release is often attributed to the rapid adaptive diversification of phenotypic traits. However, it is not well understood how natural selection changes its strength and direction through the process of ecological release. Herein, we demonstrated how shell colour of the Japanese land snail <i>Euhadra peliomphala simodae</i> has diversified via a shift in natural selection due to ecological release after migration from the mainland to an island<i>. </i>This snail's shell colour diversified on the island due to disruptive selection after migration from the mainland. We used trail-camera traps to identify the cause of natural selection on both the mainland and island. We then conducted a mark-recapture experiment while collecting microhabitat use data. In total, we captured and marked around 1700 snails on the mainland, some of which were preyed upon by an unknown predator. The trail-camera traps showed that the predator is the large Japanese field mouse <i>Apodemus speciosus, </i>and the predatory frequency was higher on the mainland than on the island. However, this predation did not correlate with shell colour. Microhabitat use on the island was more extensive than on the mainland, with snails on the island using both ground and arboreal microhabitats. A Bayesian estimation showed that the stabilising selection on shell colour came from factors other than predation. Our results suggest that the course of natural selection was modified due to ecological release after migration from the mainland, explaining one cause of the phenotypic diversification.</span></p>
Evolutionary history of inshore oceanic island land snails diversified in shell colour
<p><strong><span>Aim: </span></strong><span>Oceanic islands provide an excellent opportunity to study the mode and tempo of phenotypic evolution of terrestrial organisms. Many studies have focused on oceanic islands far from the mainland. Oceanic islands near the mainland may provide distinct perspectives on phenotypic evolution, but a comprehensive understanding is still lacking. To address this gap, this study aimed to reveal when a land snail species inhabiting a volcanic archipelago within 40 km of the mainland diverged and how their</span> <span>shell colours evolved.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location:</span></strong><span> Southern Izu Peninsula and five Izu Islands (Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Shikine, and Kozu), Japan.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Taxon:</span></strong><span> <em>Euhadra peliomphala simodae</em></span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> Double-digest restricted-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) was conducted using 117 individual snails. Molecular phylogenetic and population genomic analyses were performed, including Approximation Bayesian computation (ABC). We then examined whether the island area, elevation</span>, <span>distance from the surrounding landmasses and historical event (bottleneck) explain the shell colour diversity on each island using a phylogenetic generalised linear </span>mixed<span> model (PGLMM).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Snails could be genetically categorised according to the island they inhabited, and on Niijima, their genetic structure was further divided within the island. The divergence times among the extant populations of the snail dated back to 2.1 million years ago (Ma), which is older than that of other animals occurring in this region. Additionally, island elevation positively affected shell colour diversity, and populations with similar shell colour profiles were phylogenetically different.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Main conclusions: </span></strong><span>Island land snails diversified early in the ecosystem of the Izu Islands. This suggests that proximity to the mainland, immobility and the physiological tolerance of passive dispersal in land snails were the main causes of early diversification. Moreover, our study proposes that environments covarying with elevation would determine shell colour diversity on each island through natural selection.</span></p>
Shell colouration is associated with sex, boldness, and innate immunity in wild adult eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)
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Evolutionary history of inshore oceanic island land snails diversified in shell colour
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Data from: Continuous variation in the shell colour of the snail <em>Cepaea nemoralis</em> is associated with the colour locus of the supergene
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Shell colour diversification induced by ecological release: a shift in natural selection after a migration event
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Disruptive selection of shell colour in land snails: a mark–recapture study of Euhadra peliomphala simodae
<p>Many theoretical studies have suggested that disruptive selection plays an important role in phenotypic divergence, but few studies have determined the action of disruptive selection on phenotypic divergence via field studies. This study investigated the effect of disruptive selection on shell colour polymorphism in the Japanese land snail <i>Euhadra peliomphala simodae</i> to determine whether extreme phenotypes of snail shell colour are favored over intermediate phenotypes<i>.</i> We conducted field surveys on an oceanic island with black, yellow, and intermediate-coloured <i>E. p. simodae</i>snails, capturing and marking approximately 1,800 individual snail and monitoring their survival over 18 months. We quantified their shell colours against images and examined the frequency distribution of shell colour variation. The variation exhibited a bimodal distribution with a far lower frequency of intermediate-coloured snails than of black oryellow snails. The population sizes of the three snail groups fluctuated synchronously with the changing seasons. Bayesian estimates showed lower survival rates for the juvenile intermediate-coloured snails than for juvenile black and yellow snails, implying there was disruptive selection associated with shell colour. We suggest this disruptive selection may have resulted in the evolutionary divergence of the snail's shell colour within the lineage having high shell colour variations.</p>
Data from: Snail shell colour evolution in urban heat islands detected via citizen science
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Disruptive selection of shell colour in land snails: a mark–recapture study of Euhadra peliomphala simodae
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Data from: RAD-Seq derived markers flank the shell colour and banding loci of the Cepaea nemoralis supergene
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