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3 results for “shoot length”
Genetic Relationships Between Terminal Shoot Length, Number of Flushes and Height in a Four-Year-old Progeny Test of Pinus brutia Ten.
<p><strong>Description of the data</strong></p> <p>A total of 188 plus trees were selected from eight natural seed stands of <em>Pinus brutia</em> in the Aegean region of Turkey. The number of trees selected per seed stand (provenance) varied between 7 to 53 trees. Open-pollinated seeds were collected from plus trees in 1998 and in 1999. In addition, six checklots consisting of bulk seeds from natural seed stands were included in the study to estimate genetic gain and link the progeny tests across different breeding zones in the Aegean region.</p> <p>Open-pollinated progeny tests were established at three locations in the Aegean region of Turkey (Hisaronu, Izmir, and Kinik) in March 2000. One-year-old bare-root seedlings were used in the study. Randomized complete block design with four-tree row plots was used in all sites. For each plus tree (female parent), about 72 half-sib progenies were planted across three test sites. The Hisaronu site had four blocks, while two other sites had seven blocks each. Each parent tree was represented by 16 half-sib progenies at the Hisaronu site and 28 progenies in the other two sites when the trials were planted. The spacing among seedlings was 2 x 3 m at each site. Each block was split into four sets (sets in replications) to accommodate a large number of trees, with checklots included in every set. In total, about 166 half-sib progenies and checklots were planted in each block.</p> <p>At the end of the first growing year after planting, survival was assessed. It was about 52% at the Hisaronu site. Dead seedlings at the Hisaronu site were replaced with 1083 two-year-old seedlings of the same families, which were grown in a nursery near Marmaris in the Aegean region. The other two sites had 91% (İzmir) and 94% (Kinik) survival. At age four after planting (2004), tree height (cm), terminal shoot length (cm), and the number of flushes were measured. In total, approximately 12100 trees were assessed across the three locations. </p>
Scaling the leaf length-times-width equation to predict total leaf area of shoots
<p><strong>Background and Aims:</strong> An individual plant consists of different-sized shoots, each of which consists of different-sized leaves. To predict plant-level physiological responses from the responses of individual leaves, modelling this within-shoot leaf size variation is necessary. Within-plant leaf trait variation has been well investigated in canopy photosynthesis models but less so in plant allometry. Therefore, integration of these two different approaches is needed.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We focused on an established leaf-level relationship that the area of an individual leaf lamina is proportional to the product of its length and width. The geometric interpretation of this equation is that different-sized leaf laminas from a single species share the same basic form. Based on this shared basic form, we synthesized a new length-times-width equation predicting total shoot leaf area from the collective dimensions of leaves that comprise a shoot. Furthermore, we showed that several previously established empirical relationships, including the allometric relationships between total shoot leaf area, maximum individual leaf length within the shoot and total leaf number of the shoot, can be unified under the same geometric argument. We tested the model predictions using five species, all of which have simple leaves, selected from diverse taxa (Magnoliids, monocots and eudicots) and from different growth forms (trees, erect herbs and rosette herbs).</p> <p><strong>Key Results:</strong> For all five species, the length-times-width equation explained within-species variation of total leaf area of a shoot with high accuracy (R2 &gt; 0.994). These strong relationships existed despite leaf dimensions scaling very differently between species. We also found good support for all derived predictions from the model (R2 &gt; 0.85).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our model can be incorporated to improve previous models of allometry that do not consider within-shoot size variation of individual leaves, providing a cross-scale linkage between individual leaf-size variation and shoot-size variation.</p>
Scaling the leaf length-times-width equation to predict total leaf area of shoots
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