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3 results for “siblicide”
Data from: Parental overproduction allows siblicidal bird to adjust brood size to climate-driven prey variation
<p>Parental overproduction is hypothesized to hedge against uncertainty over food availability and stochastic death of offspring and to improve brood fitness. Understanding the evolution of overproduction requires quantifying its benefits to parents across a wide range of ecological conditions, which has rarely been done. Using a multiple hypotheses approach and 30 years of data, we evaluated the benefits of overproduction in the Blue-footed booby, a seabird that lays up to three eggs asynchronously, resulting in an aggressive brood hierarchy that facilitates the death of last-hatched chicks under low food abundance. Results support the resource-tracking hypothesis, as low prey abundance (estimated from sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration) led to rapid brood reduction. The insurance hypothesis was supported in broods of three, where last-hatched chicks' survival increased after a sibling's death. Conversely, in broods of two, results suggested that parents abandoned last-hatched chicks following first-hatched chicks' deaths. No direct evidence supported the facilitation hypothesis: the presence of a last-hatched chick during development did not enhance its sibling's fitness in the short or long term. The value of last-hatched offspring to parents, as "extra" or "insurance" varied with indices of food abundance, brood size, and parental age. Ninety percent of overproduction benefits came from enabling parents to capitalize on favorable conditions by fledging additional offspring. Our study provides insight into the forces driving overproduction, explaining the adaptiveness of this apparently wasteful behavior and allowing us to better predict how overproduction's benefits might be modified by ocean warming.</p>
Data from: Parental overproduction allows siblicidal bird to adjust brood size to climate-driven prey variation
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Figure 1 from: Hervet VAD, Laird RA, Floate KD (2018) Siblicidal behaviour by larvae of the gregarious parasitoid Cotesia vanessae. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 67: 55-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.67.28978
Figure 1 Immature stages of Cotesiavanessae in caterpillars of three lepidopteran species. A Egg (parts of adjacent eggs visible on left and top sides), with visible extraembryonic membrane made of large cells that will become teratocytes (within Trichoplusiani, five days post-oviposition) B Neonate larva with teratocytes (t) (within T.ni, five days post-oviposition). Head on the left, anal vesicle (av) on the right, thoracic and first 7 abdominal segments each partly surrounded on their dorsal and lateral sides by a row of cuticular spines projecting backward C Egg becoming encapsulated by hemocytes (within Helicoverpazea, four days post-oviposition) D Encapsulated first-instar larva (within H.zea, eleven days post-oviposition) E Front of head (within T.ni, eight days post-oviposition). Microscope focused on mandibles (m) F First-instar larva (on its side), with four pieces of bisected larvae (bl) nearby (within Mythimnaunipuncta, seven days post-parasitism) G Larva biting a sibling, with fore-half of bisected larva nearby (centre right) (within M.unipuncta, seven days post-oviposition). (Photo credit: Photo B by S. Harris, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK; all other photos by V.A.D. Hervet.)
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