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106 results for “signal evolution”
Data from: Interactions between sexual signaling, thermoregulation and body size drive ecology and evolution of wing colors in Odonata
<p>This dataset consists of images of the fore and hind wings (and associated metadata) of 4091 individual odonate specimens, and thus over 8000 wings, imaged on a commercially-available Epson desktop flatbed scanner and color-calibrated using a color-checker, comprising the Targeted Odonata Wing Digitization dataset (TOWD; <a href="https://digitizingdragonflies.org/">https://digitizingdragonflies.org/</a>) The odonates imaged are all from the Nearctic, and represent 343 species. </p> <p>In this dataset, 47% of images come from the Alabama Museum of Natural History (ALMNH), 19% from the PhD thesis collection of William Kuhn (now housed at the American Museum of Natural History, AMNH), 19% from the collection of the late Michael L. May, and 13% from Jessica Ware’s Rutgers-University Newark collection (now housed at the AMNH). </p> <p>Files are individual PNGs where transparency is the background. </p> <p>Metadata includes species, sex, and county. </p>
Data from: Simulated evolution of mating signal diversification in a primate radiation
<p>Divergence in allopatry and subsequent diversification of mating signals on secondary contact (reinforcement) is a major driver of phenotypic diversity. Observing this evolutionary process directly is often impossible, but simulated evolution can pinpoint key drivers of phenotypic variation. We developed evolutionary simulations in which mating signals, modelled as points in phenotype space, evolve across time under varying evolutionary scenarios. We model mate recognition signals in guenons, a primate radiation exhibiting colourful and diverse face patterns hypothesized to maintain reproductive isolation via mate choice. We simulate face pattern evolution across periods of allopatry and sympatry, identifying the role of key parameters in driving evolutionary endpoints. Results show that diversification in allopatry and assortative mate choice on secondary contact can induce rapid phenotypic diversification, resulting in distinctive (between species) and stereotyped (within species) face patterns, similar to extant guenons. Strong selection against hybrids is key to diversification, with even low levels of hybrid fitness often resulting in merged populations on secondary contact. Our results support a key role for reinforcement by assortative mating in the maintenance of species diversity and support the long-proposed prehistorical scenario for how such striking diversity was produced and maintained in perhaps the most colourful of all mammalian clades.</p>
Data from: The evolution of sex similarities in social signals: Climatic seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism and greater elaboration of female and male signals in antbirds (Thamnophilidae)
<p>Selection on signals that mediate social competition varies with resource availability. Climate regulates resource availability, which may affect the strength of competition and selection on signals. Traditionally, this meant that more seasonal, colder, or dryer – overall harsher – environments should favor the elaboration of male signals under stronger male-male competition, increasing sexual dimorphism. However, females also use signals to compete; thus, harsher environments could strengthen competition and favor elaboration of signals in both sexes, decreasing sexual dimorphism. Alternatively, harsher environments could decrease sexual dimorphism due to scarcer resources to invest in signal elaboration in both sexes. We evaluated these contrasting hypotheses in antbirds, a family of Neotropical passerines that varies in female and male signals and occurs across diverse climatic regimes. We tested the association of sexual dimorphism of plumage coloration and songs with temperature, precipitation and their seasonality. We found that greater seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism in plumage coloration and greater elaboration of visual signals in both sexes, but not acoustic signals. Our results suggest that greater seasonality may be associated with convergent elaboration of female and male visual signals, highlighting the role of signals of both sexes in the evolution of sexual dimorphism.</p>
Data for: Outcomes of multifarious selection on the evolution of visual signals
<p><span>Multifarious sources of selection shape visual signals and can produce phenotypic divergence. Theory predicts variance in warning signals should be minimal due to purifying selection, yet polymorphism is abundant. While in some instances divergent signals can evolve into discrete morphs, continuously variable phenotypes are also encountered in natural populations. Notwithstanding, we currently have an incomplete understanding of how combinations of selection shape fitness landscapes, particularly those which produce polymorphism. We modeled how combinations of natural and sexual selection act on aposematic traits within a single population to gain insights into what combinations of selection favor the evolution and maintenance of phenotypic variation. With a rich foundation of studies on selection and phenotypic divergence, we reference the poison frog genus <em>Oophaga</em> to model signal evolution. </span><span>Multifarious selection on aposematic traits created the topology of our model's fitness landscape by approximating different scenarios found in natural populations. </span><span>Combined, the model produced all types of phenotypic variation found in frog populations, namely monomorphism, continuous variation, and discrete polymorphism. </span><span>Our results afford advances into how multifarious selection shapes phenotypic divergence, which, along with additional modelling enhancements, will allow us to further our understanding of visual signal evolution.</span></p>
Data from: The role of between-group signalling in the evolution of primate ornamentation
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Data from: Experimental evolution of a pheromone signal
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Data for: Outcomes of multifarious selection on the evolution of visual signals
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Data from: Simulated evolution of mating signal diversification in a primate radiation
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Data from: The evolution of sex similarities in social signals: Climatic seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism and greater elaboration of female and male signals in antbirds (Thamnophilidae)
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Signals interpreted as archaic introgression are driven primarily by accelerated evolution in Africa
<p>Non-African humans appear to carry a few percent archaic DNA due to ancient inter-breeding. This modest legacy and its likely recent timing imply that most introgressed fragments will be rare and hence will occur mainly in the heterozygous state. I tested this prediction by calculating D statistics, a measure of legacy size, for pairs of humans where one of the pair was conditioned always to be either homozygous or heterozygous. Using coalescent simulations, I confirmed that conditioning the non-African to be heterozygous increased D while conditioning the non-African to be homozygous reduced D to zero. Repeating with real data reveals the exact opposite pattern. In African – non-African comparisons, D is near-zero if the African individual is held homozygous. Conditioning one of two Africans to be either homozygous or heterozygous invariably generates large values of D, even when both individuals are drawn from the same population. Invariably, the African with more heterozygous sites (conditioned heterozygous > unconditioned > conditioned homozygous) appears less related to the archaic. In contrast, the same analysis applied to pairs of non-Africans always yields near-zero D, showing that conditioning does not create large D without an underlying signal to expose. Large D values in humans are therefore driven almost entirely by heterozygous sites in Africans acting to increase divergence from related taxa such as Neanderthals. In comparison with heterozygous Africans, individuals that lack African heterozygous sites, whether non-African or conditioned homozygous African, always appear more similar to archaic outgroups, a signal previously interpreted as evidence for introgression. I hope these analyses will encourage others to consider increased divergence as well as increased similarity to archaics as mechanisms capable of driving asymmetrical base-sharing.</p>
Data from: Distinct genomic signals of lifespan and life history evolution in response to postponed reproduction and larval diet in Drosophila
Reproduction and diet are two major factors controlling the physiology of aging and life history, but how they interact to affect the evolution of longevity is unknown. Moreover, while studies of large-effect mutants suggest an important role of nutrient sensing pathways in regulating aging, the genetic basis of evolutionary changes in lifespan remains poorly understood. To address these questions, we analyzed the genomes of experimentally evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations subjected to a factorial combination of two selection regimes: reproductive age (early versus postponed), and diet during the larval stage ('low', 'control', 'high'), resulting in six treatment combinations with four replicate populations each. Selection on reproductive age consistently affected lifespan, with flies from the postponed reproduction regime having evolved a longer lifespan. In contrast, larval diet affected lifespan only in early-reproducing populations: flies adapted to the 'low' diet lived longer than those adapted to control diet. Here we find genomic evidence for strong independent evolutionary responses to either selection regime, as well as loci that diverged in response to both regimes, thus representing genomic interactions between the two. Overall, we find that the genomic basis of longevity is largely independent of dietary adaptation. Differentiated loci were not enriched for 'canonical' longevity genes, suggesting that naturally occurring genic targets of selection for longevity differ qualitatively from variants found in mutant screens. Comparing our candidate loci to those from other 'evolve-and-resequence' studies of longevity demonstrated significant overlap among independent experiments. This suggests that the evolution of longevity, despite its presumed complex and polygenic nature, might be to some extent convergent and predictable.
Environmental and morphological constraints interact to drive the evolution of communication signals in frogs
Animals show a rich diversity of signals and displays. Among the many selective forces driving the evolution of communication between individuals, one widely recognized factor is the structure of the environment in which signals are produced, transmitted and received. In particular, animals communicating by sounds often emit acoustic signals from specific locations, such as high up in the air, from the ground or in the water. The properties of these different display sites will impose different constraints on sound production and transmission and may therefore drive signal evolution. Here, we used comparative phylogenetic analyses to assess the relationship between the display site properties and the structure of reproductive calls from 161 frog species from the frog families Ranidae, Leptodactylidae and Hylidae. Specifically, we compared the dominant frequency of species that vocalize from aquatic versus non-aquatic sites, and its relation with body size. We found that the dominant frequency of frogs calling from the water was lower than that of species calling outside of the water, a trend that was consistent across the three families studied. Furthermore, phylogenetic path analysis revealed that the call site had both direct and indirect effects on the dominant frequency. Indirect effects were mediated by call site influencing male body size, which in turn was negatively associated to call dominant frequency. Our results suggest that properties of display sites can drive signal evolution, most likely through morphological constraints, in particular the ones imposed on the sound production mechanism. Also, variation in body size between calling sites explained some of the differences we found in call frequency, highlighting the relevance of the interplay between morphological adaptation and signal evolution. Changes of display site may therefore have important evolutionary consequences, as it may influence sexual selection processes and ultimately may even promote speciation.
Data from: Phenotypic evolution shaped by current enzyme function in the bioluminescent courtship signals of sea fireflies
Mating behaviours are diverse and noteworthy, especially within species radiations where they may contribute to speciation. Studying how differences in mating behaviours arise between species can help us understand how diversity is generated at multiple biological levels. The bioluminescent courtship displays of cypridinid ostracods (or sea fireflies) are an excellent system for this since amazing variety evolves while using a conserved biochemical mechanism. We find that the evolution of one aspect in this behavioural phenotype - the duration of bioluminescent courtship pulses - is shaped by biochemical function. First, by measuring light production from induced bioluminescence in 38 species, we discovered differences between species in their biochemical reactions. Then, for 16 species of which biochemical, phylogenetic, and behavioral data are all available, we used phylogenetic comparative models to show that differences in biochemical reaction are nonlinearly correlated with the duration of courtship pulses. This relationship indicates that changes to both enzyme (c-luciferase) function and usage have shaped the evolution of courtship displays, but that they differentially contribute to these phenotypic changes. This nonlinear dynamic may have consequences for the disparity of signaling phenotypes observed across species, and demonstrates how unappreciated diversity at the biochemical level can lead to inferences about behavioural evolution.
The impact of life stage and pigment source on the evolution of novel warning signal traits
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Our understanding of how novel warning color traits evolve in natural populations is largely based on studies of reproductive stages and organisms with endogenously produced pigmentation. In these systems, genetic drift is often required for novel alleles to overcome strong purifying selection stemming from frequency-dependent predation and positive assortative mating. Here, we integrate data from field surveys, predation experiments, population genomics, and phenotypic correlations to explain the origin and maintenance of geographic variation in a diet-based larval pigmentation trait in the redheaded pine sawfly (<i>Neodiprion lecontei</i>), a pine-feeding hymenopteran. Although our experiments confirm that <i>N. lecontei</i><i> </i>larvae are indeed aposematic—and therefore likely to experience frequency-dependent predation—our genomic data do not support a historical demographic scenario that would have facilitated the spread of an initially deleterious allele via drift. Additionally, significantly elevated differentiation at a known color locus suggests that geographic variation in larval color is currently maintained by selection. Together, these data suggest that the novel white morph likely spread via selection. However, white body color does not enhance aposematic displays, nor is it correlated with enhanced chemical defense or immune function. Instead, the derived white-bodied morph is disproportionately abundant on a pine species with a reduced carotenoid content relative to other pine hosts, suggesting that bottom-up selection via host plants may have driven divergence among populations. Overall, our results suggest that life stage and pigment source can have a substantial impact the evolution of novel warning signals, highlighting the need to investigate diverse aposematic taxa to develop a comprehensive understanding of color variation in nature.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Varied female and male courtship behavior facilitated the evolution of a novel sexual signal
<p><span><span>Sexual selection can contribute to speciation when signals and preferences expressed during mate choice are coupled within groups, but come to differ across groups (generating assortative mating). When new sexual signals evolve, it is important to investigate their roles in both mate location and courtship contexts, as both signaling functions are critical in mate choice. In previous work, researchers identified two new male morphs (silent and purring) in Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket, </span><span>Teleogryllus oceanicus.</span><span> These morphs likely evolved because they protect males from an acoustically orienting parasitoid, yet still obtain some reproductive success. But, it remains unknown how purring morphs function in close courtship encounters. We compared the relative success of the very recently evolved purring morph to that of the ancestral and silent morphs during courtship encounters. Purring males produce a novel courtship song and were not as successful in courtship as the ancestral type, but were mounted by females as often and as quickly as the obligately silent morph that arose and spread ~20 years ago. Purring males initiate courtship more quickly than other morphs, and females from populations where purring is common exhibit higher overall mounting rates. Thus, differences in the behavior of purring males and of females from populations where purring is common may have facilitated the origin of this novel sexual signal. We found no assortative mating between males of a given morph and females from their own population, and so we hypothesize that multiple male types will be maintained within the species because each achieves fitness in different ways. </span></span></p>
The evolution of conspicuousness in frogs: when to signal toxicity?
<p><span>Many organisms use conspicuous color patterns to advertise their toxicity or unpalatability, a strategy known as aposematism. Despite the recognized benefits of this anti</span><span>predator tactic, not all chemically defended species exhibit warning coloration. Here, we use a comparative approach to investigate which factors predict the evolution of conspicuousness in frogs, a group in which conspicuous coloration and toxicity have evolved multiple times. We extracted color information from dorsal and ventral photos of 594 frog species for which chemical defense information was available. Our results show that chemically defended and diurnal species have higher internal chromatic contrast, both ventrally and dorsally, than chemically undefended and/or nocturnal species. Among species that are chemically defended, conspicuous coloration is more likely to occur if species are diurnal. Our results also suggest that the evolution of conspicuous color is more likely to occur in chemically defended prey with smaller body size. We discuss potential explanations for this association and suggest that prey profitability (related to body size) could be an important force driving the macroevolution of warning signals.</span></p>
Supplementary Dataset for Trenner et al. 2022: Evolution and Functions of Plant U-box proteins (PUBs): From protein quality control to signalling
<p>This record contains additional information and a supplementary dataset of sequence alignment files and phylograms that support the publication:</p> <p>Trenner J, Monaghan J, Saeed B, Quint M, Shabek N, Trujillo M. 2022. Evolution and Functions of Plant U-box proteins (PUBs): From protein quality control to signalling. (submitted to Annual Review of Plant Biology)</p> <p>Included files:</p> <p><em>Additional information.pdf</em></p> <p>This file contains Supplementary Methods and References.</p> <p><br> <em>Supp_Fig1_Ubox_full_protein_maximum_likelihood_phylogram_linear.pdf</em></p> <p>A multiple protein sequence alignment by MAFFT of 1121 U-box protein sequences from 21 species and four outgroup sequences containing a RING finger domain (<em>A. thaliana</em> RBX1, <em>A. thaliana</em> RMA1, <em>S. cerevisiae</em> RAD18, <em>Homo sapiens</em> TRAF6 ) was used to infer a phylogenetic tree by maximum likelihood with IQ-TREE. The implemented ultrafast bootstrap approximation, set to 2000 bootstrap samples, was used for branch support. The consensus tree was annotated using iTOL.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Supp_Fig2_Ubox_domain_maximum_likelihood_phylogram_linear.pdf</em></p> <p>In order to analyse specifically the evolution of the U-box domain, the U-box domain of the final 1121 U-box protein sequences as well as the RING finger domain of the four outgroup sequences were isolated and aligned by MAFFT. The U-box domain alignment was then used to infer a phylogenetic tree by maximum likelihood with IQ-TREE. The implemented ultrafast bootstrap approximation, set to 2000 bootstrap samples, was used for branch support. The consensus tree was annotated using iTOL. This tree was used to interpret the evolutionary history of U-box proteins in the main text.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>MAFFT_alignment _1121seqs_Ubox_full_protein_plus_4seqs_RING_outgroup.fasta</em></p> <p>Multiple protein sequences alignment by MAFFT of 1121 U-box full length protein sequences and four RING finger protein sequences, FASTA formatted.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>MAFFT_alignment _1121seqs_Ubox_domain_plus_4seqs_RING_outgroup.fasta</em></p> <p>Multiple protein sequences alignment by MAFFT of U-box domain sequences of 1121 U-box protein and four RING finger domain sequences of outgroup sequences, FASTA formatted.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Ubox_protein_sequences_information.xlsx</em></p> <p>Spreadsheet with sequence ID information and source databases.</p>
Data from: Phenotypic evolution shaped by current enzyme function in the bioluminescent courtship signals of sea fireflies
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Signals interpreted as archaic introgression are driven primarily by accelerated evolution in Africa
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Environmental and morphological constraints interact to drive the evolution of communication signals in frogs
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.