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5 results for “silicon dioxide”
Thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide at various temperatures
<p><strong>Thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide at various temperatures</strong></p> <p>Junjie Chen</p> <p>Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China</p> <p> </p> <p>Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product. Notable examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, silica gel, opal and aerogels. It is used in structural materials, and microelectronics. Because silicon dioxide is a native oxide of silicon it is more widely used compared to other semiconductors like Gallium arsenide or Indium phosphide. Silicon dioxide could be grown on a silicon semiconductor surface. Silicon oxide layers could protect silicon surfaces during diffusion processes, and could be used for diffusion masking. The process of silicon surface passivation by thermal oxidation is critical to the semiconductor industry. It is commonly used to manufacture metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors and silicon integrated circuit chips.</p> <p> </p> <p>Thermodynamic temperature (degrees kelvin), Thermal conductivity (watts per meter-kelvin)</p> <p>300 12, 6.80</p> <p>311 11.1, 5.88</p> <p>366 9.34, 5.19</p> <p>422 8.68, 4.50</p> <p>500 6.00, 3.90</p> <p>600 5.00, 3.41</p> <p>700 4.47, 3.12</p> <p>800 4.19, 3.04</p>
Data from: Increased root herbivory under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is reversed by silicon-based plant defences
Predicted increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 may alter the susceptibility of many plants to insect herbivores due to changes in plant nutrition and defences. Silicon plays a critical role in plant defence against herbivores, so increasing such silicon-based defences in plants may help remediate situations where plants become more susceptible to herbivores. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) were subjected to fully factorial treatment combinations of ambient (aCO2) or elevated (eCO2) atmospheric CO2 concentrations; ambient silicon or silicon supplementation; insect-free or subject to root herbivory by greyback canegrub (Dermolepida albohirtum). A glasshouse study was used to determine how these factors affected rates of photosynthesis, growth, chemistry (concentrations of silicon, carbon, nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates). Changes in canegrub mass were determined in the glasshouse pot study, together with more detailed assessment of how eCO2 and silicon supplementation affected performance and feeding behaviour (relative growth rate and relative consumption) in a 24-hour feeding efficiency assay. eCO2 and silicon supplementation increased rates of photosynthesis (+32% and 14%, respectively) sugarcane biomass (+45% and 69%, respectively). Silicon supplementation increased silicon concentrations in both leaves and roots by 54% and 75%, respectively. eCO2 caused root C:N to increase by 12%. Canegrub performance and consumption increased under eCO2; relative growth rate (RGR) increased by 116% and consumed 57% more root material (suggestive of compensatory feeding). Silicon application reversed these effects, with large decreases in mass change, RGR and root consumption (65% less root mass consumed). Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations could lead to increased crop damage by a below-ground herbivore. Increasing bioavailable silicon in soil stimulated silicon-based defences which dramatically decreased herbivory and herbivore performance. Our findings suggest future pest management strategies could benefit from characterising deficiencies in bioavailable silicon in agricultural soils and targeted application of silicon fertilisers. Moreover, future breeding programmes should exploit variation in silicon uptake between cultivars to enhance silicon uptake in new crop varieties. Silicon-based plant defence proved to be highly beneficial for remediating the negative effects of atmospheric change on sugarcane susceptibility to herbivory and could be applicable in other crops.
Data from: Increased root herbivory under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is reversed by silicon-based plant defences
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RNASeq of C. elegans exposed to silver (Ag) or silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles
GEO Series GSE122728. Caenorhabditis elegans. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Efficacy of the Administration of Colloidal Silicon Dioxide in Tablet Dosage Form in Patients With Acute Diarrhea
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03633344. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
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