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16 results for “silkmoth”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Records of Giant Silkmoths (Saturniinae) from Vermont Collections and 2002-2007.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Records of Giant Silkmoths (Saturniinae) from Vermont Collections and 2002-2007". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/2e4f4ed1-77d0-4ee2-a895-6f894d3fcc13">https://bionomia.net/dataset/2e4f4ed1-77d0-4ee2-a895-6f894d3fcc13</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/2e4f4ed1-77d0-4ee2-a895-6f894d3fcc13">https://gbif.org/dataset/2e4f4ed1-77d0-4ee2-a895-6f894d3fcc13</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data and code from: Body oscillations couple with wing flapping to reduce aerodynamic power in wild silkmoth flight
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Evolution of body size and wing shape trade-offs in arsenurine silkmoths
<p>One of the key objectives in biological research is understanding how evolutionary processes have produced Earth's diversity. A critical step towards revealing these processes is an investigation of evolutionary tradeoffs – that is, the opposing pressures of multiple selective forces. For millennia, nocturnal moths have had to balance successful flight, as they search for mates or host plants, with evading bat predators. However, the potential for evolutionary trade-offs between wing shape and body size are poorly understood. In this study, we used phylogenomics and geometric morphometrics to examine the evolution of wing shape in the wild silkmoth subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae) and evaluate potential evolutionary relationships between body size and wing shape. The phylogeny was inferred based on 782 loci from target capture data of 42 arsenurine species representing all 10 recognized genera. After detecting in our data one of the most vexing problems in phylogenetic inference – a region of a tree that possesses short branches and no "support" for relationships (i.e., a polytomy), we looked for hidden phylogenomic signal (i.e., inspecting differing phylogenetic inferences, alternative support values, quartets, and phylogenetic networks) to better illuminate the most probable generic relationships within the subfamily.</p> <p>We found there are putative evolutionary trade-offs between wing shape, body size, and the interaction of fore- and hindwing shape. Namely, body size tends to decrease with increasing hindwing length but increases as forewing shape becomes more complex. Additionally, the type of hindwing (i.e., tail or no tail) a lineage possesses has a significant effect on the complexity of forewing shape. We outline possible selective forces driving the complex hindwing shapes that make Arsenurinae, and silkmoths as a whole, so charismatic.</p>
Evolution of body size and wing shape trade-offs in arsenurine silkmoths
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FIGURE 1 in The Wild Silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Saturniidae) of Colombia: a database of occurrence points and taxonomic checklist
FIGURE 1. Distribution records for Saturniidae moths in Colombia. Warm colours indicate areas with higher densities of occurrences records, while colder colours and white areas represent a lower number of records and lack thereof, respectively.
Supplementary material 2 from: Liu Z (2023) An "American" silkmoth endemic to Himalayas, part I: life history and natural distribution of Antheraea compta Rothschild, 1899 (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70(2): 261-282. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.102952
Light sensitivity (the darker side = ca. 544-1185 Lux, the brighter side = ca. 9300-13600 Lux) of Antheraea compta L6 (speed × 12)
Data from: Positive selection drives faster-Z evolution in silkmoths
Genes linked to X or Z chromosomes, which are hemizygous in the heterogametic sex, are predicted to evolve at different rates than those on autosomes. This "faster-X effect" can arise either as a consequence of hemizygosity, which leads to more efficient selection for recessive beneficial mutations in the heterogametic sex, or as a consequence of reduced effective population size of the hemizygous chromosome, which leads to increased fixation of weakly deleterious mutations due to genetic drift. Empirical results to date suggest that, while the overall pattern across taxa is complicated, systems with male-heterogamy show a faster-X effect attributable to more efficient selection, while the faster-Z effect in female-heterogametic taxa is attributable to increased drift. To test the generality of the faster-Z pattern seen in birds and snakes, we sequenced the genome of the Lepidopteran silkmoth Bombyx huttoni. We show that silkmoths experience faster-Z evolution, but unlike in birds and snakes, the faster-Z effect appears to be attributable to more efficient positive selection. These results suggest that female-heterogamy alone is unlikely to explain the reduced efficacy of selection on the bird Z chromosome. It is likely that many factors, including differences in overall effective population size, influence Z chromosome evolution.
Virtual reality system data of silkmoths
<p>Dataset for experimental odor source searching of silkmoths measured by VR.</p>
Data for: Phylogeography of an endemic California silkmoth genus suggests the importance of an unheralded central California province in generating regional endemic biodiversity
<p>The California Floristic province is a biodiversity hotspot. Understanding the phylogeographic patterns that exist in this diverse region is essential to understanding its evolution and for guiding conservation efforts. <i>Calosaturnia</i> is a charismatic silkmoth genus endemic to large portions of the region with three described species, <i>C. mendocino</i>, <i>C. walterorum</i>, and <i>C. albofasciata</i>. We sampled all three species from across their ranges, sequenced 1463 bp of mitochondrial COI and 1941 bp of nuclear DNA from three genes, and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships and estimated divergence times within the lineages. All three species show pronounced evidence of isolation and, in two cases, secondary reconnection. An unexpected monophyletic mtDNA lineage was found in the Central Coast region, in a region thought to represent an intergrade between <i>C. mendocino</i> and <i>C. walterorum</i>. Our genetic data also significantly revise previous hypotheses as to which species occur in which regions, suggesting that historical ecological changes around four Ma ago isolated some lineages, and a secondary isolation event two Ma ago led to isolation of populations both in the Central Coast region and the southern Sierra Nevada. <span>Our results add to a currently under appreciated pattern suggesting that coastal Central California is not a transition zone between Northern and Southern California Floristic Province faunas but rather its own unique, periodically isolated, biogeographic region. </span>They also suggest cryptic diversity may be present in many other currently unrecognized groups. Additional research should focus on this central California region because many species may be highly restricted in range and in need of conservation attention.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Liu Z (2023) An "American" silkmoth endemic to Himalayas, part I: life history and natural distribution of Antheraea compta Rothschild, 1899 (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70(2): 261-282. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.102952
Feeding schedule of Antheraea compta L6
Supplementary material 3 from: Liu Z (2023) An "American" silkmoth endemic to Himalayas, part I: life history and natural distribution of Antheraea compta Rothschild, 1899 (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70(2): 261-282. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.102952
Defensive behavior of Antheraea compta L6
Data from: Positive selection drives faster-Z evolution in silkmoths
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Data for: Phylogeography of an endemic California silkmoth genus suggests the importance of an unheralded central California province in generating regional endemic biodiversity
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Data from: The fate of W chromosomes in hybrids between wild silkmoths, Samia cynthia ssp.: no role in sex determination and reproduction
Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) have sex chromosome systems with female heterogamety (WZ/ZZ or derived variants). The maternally inherited W chromosome is known to determine female sex in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. However, little is known about the role of W chromosome in other lepidopteran species. Here we describe two forms of the W chromosome, W and neo-W, that are transmitted to both sexes in offspring of hybrids from reciprocal crosses between subspecies of wild silkmoths, Samia cynthia. We performed crosses between S. c. pryeri (2n=28, WZ/ZZ) and S. c. walkeri (2n=26, neo-Wneo-Z/neo-Zneo-Z) and examined fitness and sex chromosome constitution in their hybrids. The F1 hybrids of both reciprocal crosses had reduced fertility. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed not only the expected sex chromosome constitutions in the backcross and F2 hybrids of both sexes but also females without the W (or neo-W) chromosome and males carrying the W (or neo-W) chromosome. Furthermore, crosses between the F2 hybrids revealed no association between the presence or absence of W (or neo-W) chromosome and variations in the hatchability of their eggs. Our results clearly suggest that the W (or neo-W) chromosome of S. cynthia ssp. plays no role in sex determination and reproduction, and thus does not contribute to the formation of reproductive barriers between different subspecies.
Data from: The fate of W chromosomes in hybrids between wild silkmoths, Samia cynthia ssp.: no role in sex determination and reproduction
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FIGURE 2 in The Wild Silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Saturniidae) of Colombia: a database of occurrence points and taxonomic checklist
FIGURE 2. Distribution of surveyed Colombian Saturniidae voucher specimens, including type specimens (i.e., holotypes, paratypes, and lectotypes), in 13 national (grey) and 18 international (black) biological collections examined in this study (Table S1).
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