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19 results for “silver fir”
Annotated checklist of the beetles of Abeti Soprani, a silver fir forest of Central Italy
<p>The checklist contains 179 species of beetles which belong to 48 families. The species were collected during a field study carried out in the years 2012 and 2013 and aimed at describing the beetles of the area. The collection methods consisted in window flight traps and emergence traps. The study area, named Abeti Soprani, is a silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) forest located in the Central Apennines.</p> <p>The checklist is annotated with information on the taxonomy of the species (order and family), number of individuals, geographic position, habitat type (following EUNIS habitat classification 2017), sampling protocol, collector name, specialist name, IUCN Red List categories of the saproxylic species (Carpaneto et al. 2015). </p> <p>The terms used for the dataset fields follows the Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2020. List of Darwin Core terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). <a href="https://dwc.tdwg.org/list/">https://dwc.tdwg.org/list/</a></p> <p>Investigations on spatial patterns and diversity have been based on this dataset and published (Parisi et al. 2016, 2020).</p> <p>The harmonization of the dataset to the point of view of taxa, authorship, LSID and the massive upgrading of the related identifiers in Zenodo record was performed by the use of R script using respectively dplyr, taxize (Chamberlain and Szöcs, 2013) and zen4r (Blondel and Barde, 2020) packages.</p>
Potential and realized distribution at 30m for Silver fir (Abies alba) in Europe for 2000 - 2020
<p>Probability and uncertainty maps showing the potential and realized distribution for the silver fir (<em>Abies alba, Mill.</em>) for Europe from the dataset prepared by <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5818021">Bonannella et al. (2022)</a> and predicted using Ensemble Machine Learning (EML). Potential distribution map cover the period 2018 - 2020; realized distribution cover the period 2000 - 2020, split in the following time periods:</p> <ul> <li>2000 - 2002,</li> <li>2002 - 2006,</li> <li>2006 - 2010,</li> <li>2010 - 2014,</li> <li>2014 - 2018,</li> <li>2018 - 2020.</li> </ul> <p>Files are named according to the following naming convention, e.g:</p> <ul> <li>veg_abies.alba_anv.eml_md_30m_0..0cm_2000..2002_eumap_epsg3035_v0.3</li> </ul> <p>with the following fields:</p> <ul> <li>theme: e.g. <strong>veg</strong>,</li> <li>species code: e.g. <strong>abies.alba</strong>,</li> <li>species distribution type: e.g. <strong>anv</strong> (= actual natural vegetation),</li> <li>species estimation method: e.g. <strong>eml</strong>,</li> <li>species estimation type: e.g. <strong>md</strong> ( = model deviation),</li> <li>resolution in meters e.g. <strong>30m</strong>,</li> <li>reference depths (vertical dimension): e.g. <strong>0..0cm</strong>,</li> <li>reference period begin end: e.g. <strong>2000..2002</strong>,</li> <li>reference area: e.g. <strong>eumap</strong>,</li> <li>coordinate system: e.g. <strong>epsg3035</strong>,</li> <li>data set version: e.g. <strong>v0.3</strong>.</li> </ul> <p>For each species is then easy to identify probability and uncertainty distribution maps:</p> <ul> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>anv</strong>.eml_<strong>md</strong>: model uncertainty for realized distribution</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>anv</strong>.eml_<strong>p</strong>: probability for realized distribution</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>pnv</strong>.eml_<strong>md</strong>: model uncertainty for potential distribution</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>pnv</strong>.eml_<strong>p</strong>: probability for potential distribution</li> </ul> <p>Files are provided as <a href="https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/cog.html">Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs</a> and projected in the Coordinate Reference System ETRS89 / LAEA Europe (= EPSG code 3035). Styling files are provided in both <em>SLD</em> and <em>QML</em> format.</p> <p>If you would like to know more about the creation of the maps and the modeling:</p> <ul> <li><strong>watch</strong> the talk at Open Data Science Workshop 2021 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5446/55256">TIB AV-PORTAL</a>)</li> <li><strong>access </strong>the repository with our R/Python scripts and follow the instructions (<a href="https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers/-/tree/master/veg_tree.species_anv.pnv.eml">GitLab</a>)</li> <li><strong>access </strong>the repository with the training dataset (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5818021">Zenodo</a>)</li> <li><strong>read </strong>the tutorial with executable code on our <a href="https://opengeohub.github.io/spatial-prediction-eml/spatiotemporal-ml.html#spatiotemporal-distribution-of-fagus-sylvatica">GitBook</a></li> </ul> <p>A publication describing, in detail, all processing steps, accuracy assessment and general analysis of species distribution maps is available on <a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13728">PeerJ</a>. To suggest any improvement/fix use <a href="https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers/-/issues">https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers/-/issues</a>.</p>
Data from: Recovery of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings from ungulate browsing mirrors soil nitrogen availability
<p><em>Abies alba</em> (Mill.) has a high potential for mitigating climate change in European mountain forests, yet, its natural regeneration is severely limited by ungulate browsing. Here, we simulated browsing in a common garden experiment to study growth and physiological traits, measured from bulk needles, using a randomized block design with two levels of browsing severity and seedlings originating from 19 populations across Switzerland. Genetic factors explained most variation in growth (on average, 51.5%) and physiological traits (10.2%) under control conditions, while heavy browsing considerably reduced the genetic effects on growth (to 30%), but doubled those on physiological traits related to C storage. While browsing reduced seedling height, it also lowered seedling water use efficiency (decreased δ<sup>13</sup>C) and increased their δ<sup>15</sup>N. Different populations reacted differently to browsing stress, and for seedling height, starch concentration and δ<sup>15</sup>N population differences appeared to be the result of natural selection. First, we found that populations originating from the warmest regions recovered the fastest from browsing stress, and they did so by mobilizing starch from their needles, which suggests a genetic underpinning for a growth-storage trade-off across populations. Second, we found that seedlings originating from mountain populations growing on steep slopes had a higher δ<sup>15</sup>N in the common garden than those originating from flat areas, indicating that they have been selected to grow on N poor, potentially drained, soils. This finding was corroborated by the fact that N concentration in adult needles was lower on steep slopes than on flat ground, strongly indicating that steep slopes are the most N poor environments. These results suggest that populations adapted to these N poor environments have a genetically based high N use efficiency, which could be necessary for their recover from ungulate browsing.</p>
Adaptation to drought is coupled with slow growth, but independent from phenology in marginal silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations
Drought is one of the most important selection pressures for forest trees in the context of climate change. Yet, the different evolutionary mechanisms, and their environmental drivers, by which certain populations become more drought tolerant than others is still little understood. We studied adaptation to drought in 16 silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.) populations from the French Mediterranean Alps by combining observations on seedlings from a large scale greenhouse experiment (N=8199) and on adult tress in situ (N=315). In the greenhouse, we followed half-sib families for four growing seasons for growth traits and bud break phenology, and tested their water stress response in a "drought until death" experiment. Adult trees in the field were assessed for δ<sup>13</sup>C, a proxy for water use efficiency and genotyped at 357 SNP loci. SNP data was used to generate a null expectation for trait divergence between populations to detect the signature of selection, and 31 environmental variables to identify the selective environment. We found that seedlings originating from populations with low soil water capacity grew more slowly, attained a smaller stature, and resisted the water stress treatment for a longer period of time in the greenhouse. Additionally, adult trees of these populations exhibited a higher water use efficiency as evidenced by δ<sup>13</sup>C. These results suggest a correlated evolution of the growth-drought tolerance trait complex. Population divergence in bud break phenology was adaptive only in the second growing season, and evolved independently from the growth-drought tolerance trait complex. Adaptive divergence in bud break phenology was principally driven by the inter- and intra-annual variation in temperature at the geographic origin of the population. Our results illustrate the different evolutionary strategies used by populations to cope with drought stress at the range limits across a highly heterogeneous landscape, and can be used to inform assisted migration programs.
Adaptation to drought is coupled with slow growth, but independent from phenology in marginal silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations
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Wind River Experimental Forest site, station Wind River Experimental Forest MUNA plots, study of diameter at breast height of Abies amabilis (pacific silver fir) in units of centimeter on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Wind River Experimental Forest (WIN) contains diameter at breast height of Abies amabilis (pacific silver fir) measurements in centimeter units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Data from: The past ecology of Abies alba provides new perspectives on future responses of silver fir forests to global warming
Paleoecology can provide valuable insights into the ecology of species that complement observation and experiment-based assessments of climate-impact dynamics. New paleoecological records (e.g. pollen, macrofossils) from the Italian Peninsula suggest a much wider climatic niche of the important European tree species Abies alba (silver fir) than observed in its present spatial range. To explore this discrepancy between current and past distribution we analyse climatic data (e.g. temperature, precipitation, frost, humidity, sunshine) and vegetation-independent paleoclimatic reconstructions (e.g. lake levels, chironomids) and use global coupled carbon-cycle climate (NCAR CSM1.4) and dynamic vegetation (LANDCLIM) modelling. The combined evidence suggests that during the mid-Holocene (ca. 6000 years ago), prior to humanization of vegetation, A. alba formed forests under conditions that exceeded modern (1961-1990) upper temperature limit of the species by ca. 5-7 {degree sign}C (July means). Annual precipitation during this natural period was comparable to today (>700-800 mm), with drier summers and wetter winters. In the meso-mediterranean to sub-mediterranean forests A. alba co-occurred with thermophilous taxa such as Quercus ilex, Q. pubescens, Olea europaea, Phillyrea, Arbutus, Cistus, Tilia, Ulmus, Acer, Hedera helix, Ilex aquifolium, Taxus, and Vitis. Results from the last interglacial (ca. 130,000-115,000 BP), when human impact was negligible, corroborate the Holocene evidence. Thermophilous Mediterranean A. alba stands became extinct during the last 5000 years when land-use pressure and specifically excessive anthropogenic fire and browsing disturbance increased. Our results imply that the ecology of this key European tree species is not yet well understood. On the basis of the reconstructed realized climatic niche of the species, we anticipate that the future geographic range of A. alba may not contract regardless of migration success, even if climate should become significantly warmer than today with summer temperatures increasing by up to 5-7{degree sign}C, as long as precipitation does not fall below 700-800 mm/year, and disturbance (e.g. fire, browsing) does not become excessive. Our finding contradicts recent studies that projected range contractions under global-warming scenarios, but did not factor how millennia of human impacts reduced the realized climatic niche of A. alba.
Data from: Functional diversity enhances silver fir growth resilience to an extreme drought
It is expected that extreme climate events such as droughts will increase both in severity and intensity as a consequence of forecasted climate change. Complementarity among tree species in resource acquisition strategy may reduce interspecific competition and increase the occurrence of facilitative interactions, resulting in an improved tree growth and resilience to extreme climatic events. However, the response of individual trees growing in more functionally diverse stands to extreme events is still under debate. We investigate the growth response of silver fir (Abies alba) to an extreme drought event which occurred in 1985-1986 in the central Spanish Pyrenees, and how the growth and resilience of trees relate to their neighbourhood functional diversity, stand heterogeneity, and to intraspecific and interspecific competition. Dendroecological methods were used to reconstruct radial growth. We recorded all tree species living around each sampled tree and calculated indices of intra- and interspecific competition among coexisting trees. Functional diversity around each focal tree was calculated by using the Rao quadratic entropy. Silver fir growth decreased significantly in response to the drought in the vast majority of trees, but most of them showed a growth recovery three years later. Despite most trees showed negative growth trends following the drought event (70%), those trees growing in more functionally diverse stands were more resilient, recovered more quickly and displayed greater growth and growth trends. Synthesis: The presented findings support the growing body of evidence that shows a positive impact of diversity on forest function. In addition, we provide a direct linkage between tree growth response to climate at the individual tree scale and a direct quantification of neighbourhood functional diversity and competition. An enhanced functional diversity facilitating a more efficient use of resources at the interspecific level and potentially increasing facilitative interactions contributes to lessening the negative impacts of extreme events as droughts on forest growth.
Data from: Adaptation to local climate in a multi-trait space: evidence from silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations across a heterogeneous environment
Heterogeneous environments, such as mountainous landscapes, create spatially varying selection pressure that potentially affects several traits simultaneously across different life stages, yet little is known about the general patterns and drivers of adaptation in such complex settings. We studied silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations across Switzerland and characterized their mountainous landscape using downscaled historical climate data. We sampled 387 trees from 19 populations and genotyped them at 374 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to estimate their demographic distances. Seedling morphology, growth and phenology traits were recorded in a common garden, and a proxy for water use efficiency was estimated for adult trees. We tested whether populations have more strongly diverged at quantitative traits than expected based on genetic drift alone in a multi-trait framework, and identified potential environmental drivers of selection. We found two main responses to selection: (i) populations from warmer and more thermally stable locations have evolved towards a taller stature, and (ii) the growth timing of populations evolved towards two extreme strategies, "start early and grow slowly" or "start late and grow fast", driven by precipitation seasonality. Populations following the "start early and grow slowly" strategy had higher water use efficiency and came from inner Alpine valleys characterized by pronounced summer droughts. Our results suggest that contrasting adaptive life-history strategies exist in silver fir across different life stages (seedling to adult), and that some of the characterized populations may provide suitable seed sources for tree growth under future climatic conditions.
Data from: The role of nutritional impairment in carbon-water balance of silver fir drought-induced dieback
<p><span>Rear-edge populations at the xeric distribution limit of tree species are particularly vulnerable to forest dieback triggered by drought. This is the case of silver fir (Abies alba) forests located in the southwestern of Europe. While silver fir drought-induced dieback patterns have been previously explored, information on the role played by nutritional impairment is lacking despite its potential interactions with tree carbon-water balances. We performed a comparative analysis of radial growth, intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), oxygen isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O) and nutrient concentrations in leaves of declining (DD) and non-declining (ND) trees in silver fir in four forests in the Spanish Pyrenees. We also evaluated the relationships among dieback predisposition, intraspecific trait variation (wood density and leaf traits) and rhizosphere soil physical – chemical properties. The onset of growth decline in DD trees occurred more than two decades ago, and they subsequently showed low growth resilience against droughts. The DD trees presented consistently lower foliar concentrations of nutrients such as P, K, Cu and Ni than ND trees. The strong effects of foliar nutrient status on growth resilience indices support the key role played by mineral nutrition in tree functioning and growth before, during and after drought. In contrast, variability in wood density and leaf morphological traits, as well as soil properties, showed weak relationships with tree nutritional status and drought performance. At the low elevation, warmer sites, DD trees showed stronger climate – growth relationships and lower δ<sup>18</sup>O than ND trees. The uncoupling between iWUE and δ<sup>18</sup>O, together with the positive correlations between P and K leaf concentrations and δ<sup>18</sup>O, point to deeper soil/bedrock water sources and vertical decoupling between nutrient and water uptake in DD trees. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms driving silver fir dieback and highlights the need to incorporate tree nutrition into forest dieback studies.</span></p>
Data from: The role of nutritional impairment in carbon-water balance of silver fir drought-induced dieback
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Data from: Functional diversity enhances silver fir growth resilience to an extreme drought
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Data from: The past ecology of Abies alba provides new perspectives on future responses of silver fir forests to global warming
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Adaptation to local climate in a multi-trait space: evidence from silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations across a heterogeneous environment
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Data from: Effects of postglacial phylogeny and genetic diversity on the growth variability and climate sensitivity of European silver fir
<p>The zip file contains almost 2000 tree ring width data in Tucson format (rwl) from 78 sites across the Carpathian Mountains in Europe. In addition, genetic data used in the study are also attached. The datasets were used in the paper on <strong>Effects of postglacial phylogeny and genetic diversity on the growth variability and climate sensitivity of European silver fir </strong>published in Journal of Ecology.</p>
Data from: Fine-scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
<p class="western"><span>Variation in genetic diversity across species ranges has long been recognized as highly informative for assessing populations' resilience and adaptive potential. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity within populations, referred to as fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), also carries information about recent demographic changes, yet it has rarely been connected to range scale processes. We studied eight silver fir (<i>Abies alba </i>Mill.<i>)</i> population pairs (sites), growing at high and low elevations, representative of the main genetic lineages of the species. A total of 1368 adult trees and 540 seedlings were genotyped using 137 and 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Sites revealed a clear east-west isolation-by-distance pattern consistent with the post-glacial colonization history of the species. Genetic differentiation among sites (<i>F</i><sub>CT</sub>=0.148) was an order of magnitude greater than between elevations within sites (<i>F</i><sub>SC</sub>=0.031), nevertheless high elevation populations consistently exhibited a stronger FSGS. Structural equation modeling revealed that elevation and, to a lesser extent, post-glacial colonization history, but not climatic and habitat variables, were the best predictors of FSGS across populations. These results suggest that high elevation habitats have been colonized more recently across the species range. Additionally, paternity analysis revealed a high reproductive skew among adults and a stronger FSGS in seedlings than in adults, suggesting that FSGS may conserve the signature of demographic changes for several generations. Our results emphasize that spatial patterns of genetic diversity within populations provide information about demographic history complementary to non-spatial statistics, and could be used for genetic diversity monitoring, especially in forest trees.</span></p>
Data from: Fine-scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
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Silver Fir Safety in Healthy Volunteers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07189143. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Influence of of Cream With the Silver Fir Wood Extract (Belinal) on Skin
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02603029. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.