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6 results for “silver spoon effect”
Sex- and trait-specific silver-spoon effects of developmental environments, on ageing
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Data from: Silver spoon effects of hatching order in an asynchronous hatching bird
The silver spoon hypothesis proposes that individuals which develop under favourable conditions will gain fitness benefits throughout their lifetime. Hatching order may create a considerable size hierarchy within a brood and lead to earlier-hatched nestlings having a competitive advantage over their siblings, which has been illustrated in some studies. However, there have been few explorations into the effect on subsequent generations. Here, using a 15-year-long study, we investigated the long-term fitness consequence of hatching order in the endangered crested ibis, Nipponia nippon, a species with complete hatching asynchrony. In this study, we found strong support for silver spoon effects acting on hatching order. Compared to later-hatched nestlings, first-hatched nestlings begin reproduction at an earlier age, have higher adult survival rates, possess a longer breeding life span and achieve higher lifetime reproductive success. Interestingly, we found carry-over effects of hatching order into the next generation. Nestlings which hatched earlier and became breeders in turn also produced nestlings with larger tarsus and better body condition. Additionally, we found a positive correlation among life-history traits in crested ibis. Individuals which started reproduction at a younger age were shown to possess a longer breeding life span. And the annual brood size increased with an individual's breeding life span. This suggests that the earlier-hatched nestlings are of better quality and the 'silver spoon' effects of hatching order cover all life-history stages and next generation effects.
Data from: Silver spoon effects of hatching order in an asynchronous hatching bird
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Competition induces silver spoon effects in developing anuran larvae
<p>Early life conditions can have persistent, lifelong impacts on survival and fitness. Silver spoon effects occur when favorable early life conditions provide advantages through adulthood, even if conditions worsen. Alternatively, compensatory growth can allow organisms initially reared in unfavorable conditions to grow more quickly than expected should conditions improve. We examined these possibilities in the American Toad, <i>Anaxyrus americanus</i>, by rearing larvae in low competition and high competition environments and then transferring them to either high- or low-resource levels. We measured growth one-week post-transfer and toadlet size after metamorphosis. We also dissected larvae and toadlets from each treatment to examine effects on organ size. Before transfer, larvae in low competition environments grew significantly faster than those in high competition environments. Consistent with the silver spoon hypothesis, these larvae ate significantly more food, continued to grow faster post-transfer, and metamorphosed into larger toadlets than those initially reared with competition, despite having the same food availability within a resource level. There were also significant effects on internal organ sizes. Overall, our study demonstrates that larvae initially reared in favorable conditions maintain a growth advantage through metamorphosis even if resource levels decline. Future studies should explore the effects of this advantage post-metamorphosis and into adulthood.</p>
Data from: Ageing with a silver-spoon: a meta-analysis of the effect of developmental environment on senescence
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Competition induces silver spoon effects in developing anuran larvae
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