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64 results for “size at maturity”
Assessing size at sexual maturity and fine-scale population structure in a direct developing whelk (Buccinum undatum) in Southern Newfoundland, Canada
<p>R script file used to filter genotype data, estimate L50, and analyze patterns of population structure of <em>Buccinum undatum </em>in Southern Newfoundland, Canada. Also included are the following files required to run the script:</p> <p>populationsNWA.snps.vcf - Northwest Atlantic group output at the conclusion of the Stacks de novo pipeline<br>pop_map_NWA.txt - Population map for the Northwest Atlantic group<br>genlightNWAFullFilt.rds - Filtered genotype data for the Northwest Atlantic group<br>populations3Ps.snps.vcf - 3Ps group output at the conclusion of the Stacks de novo pipeline <br>pop_map_3Ps.txt - Population map for the 3Ps group<br>genlight3PsFullFilt.rds - Filtered genotype data for the 3Ps group<br>maturity_data.csv - Data set containing, shell length, sex, and maturity status for samples.<br>sample_site_coordinates_3Ps.csv - Data set containing coordinates of 3Ps sample sites</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Seasonality, body size and maturation time in the neotropical grasshopper Sphenarium histrio across an altitudinal gradient
<p>In insects, male mating success and female fecundity usually increase with body size. However, natural selection favors faster maturation, reducing the risk of pre-reproductive death when the reproductive season is short in habitats located at high altitudes or far from the equator. Also, if males that mature earlier than females under these conditions increase their mating opportunities, protandry may evolve in their populations. Nonetheless, since body size is strongly correlated with maturation time in insects, a faster sexual maturation is reached at the expense of having a small body size. We analyzed the differences in the adult body size of males and females of the grasshopper Sphenarium histrio in three sites across an altitudinal gradient in southern Mexico. We also evaluated the possibility of protandry in these sampling sites using a common garden experiment. Male and female grasshoppers collected from low altitude sites in the field and reared in the laboratory were larger than those from a high altitude, suggesting genetic differentiation. Grasshoppers from a high altitude hatched earlier, had a shorter development time, presented fewer instars, and were smaller than grasshoppers from the other sampling sites. Moreover, development time in the three sampling sites was shorter in males than in females, suggesting protandry. Interestingly, the males from the three sites showed similar growth rates, but the females from low and high altitudes, respectively, had the fastest and slowest growth rates. In general, the adaptive value of the evolution of protandry has been focused on males. However, it may be that the growth rates of females in these sites could modify the degree of protandry as a response to their risk of pre-reproductive death and the potential benefits associated with multiple matings.</p> <p>The xlsx file contains the data for all the statistical analyses.</p>
Fig. 2 in Predicting size at first sexual maturity from length/weight relationship: a case study with an Amazonian catfish
Fig. 2. Length/weight relationship of male Auchenipterichthys longimanus. A and C represent Huxley regular length/weight relationship and its distribution of proportional residuals. B and D represent polyphasic length/weight relationship its and distribution of proportional residuals.
Fig. 1 in Predicting size at first sexual maturity from length/weight relationship: a case study with an Amazonian catfish
Fig. 1. Sampling area in the National Forest of Caxiuanã, Pará State, showing the rivers where the fish were collected; Curuá River - Ferreira Penna Research Station (ECFPn), Caxiuanã River; Puraquequara River and Caquajó River. A single point on the map may represent more than one colleting site.
Fig. 4 in Predicting size at first sexual maturity from length/weight relationship: a case study with an Amazonian catfish
Fig. 4. Frequency of mature individuals as a function of the total length. Female sexual maturity identified by visual inspection of ovarian (A) and G SI values (B). Male sexual maturity identified by visual inspection of testes (C) and G SI values (D).
Fig. 3 in Predicting size at first sexual maturity from length/weight relationship: a case study with an Amazonian catfish
Fig. 3. Length/weight relationship of female Auchenipterichthys longimanus. A and C represent Huxley regular length/ weight relationship and its distribution of proportional residuals. B and D represent polyphasic length/weight relationship its and distribution of proportional residuals.
Fig. 3 in Can weight/length relationship predict size at first maturity? A case study with two species of Characidae
Fig. 3. Relationship between size at first maturity (L) and 50 maximum reported size for small characids (grey spots, bold line; data from Table 1). The thin line represents L values 50 estimated from maximum size following the general function of Froese & Binohlan (2000). Black spots are original data from the present study (SCL values).
Fig. 2 in Can weight/length relationship predict size at first maturity? A case study with two species of Characidae
Fig. 2. Weight/length relationship for Cheirodon ibicuhiensis (a); proportional residuals resulting from Huxley´s adjustment (b); weight/length relationship and proportional residuals distribution according to the polyphasic growth model (c and d, respectively).
Fig. 1 in Can weight/length relationship predict size at first maturity? A case study with two species of Characidae
Fig. 1. Weight/length relationship for Astyanax jacuhiensis (a); proportional residuals resulting from Huxley´s adjustment (b); weight/length relationship and proportional residuals distribution according to the polyphasic growth model (c and d, respectively).
Fig. 3 in Estimating size at first maturity (L ) from Gonadossomatic Index (GSI) data
Fig. 3. Individual distribution of female gonadossomatic index (GSI) according to the total length in four fish species. Animals captured using seine and gill nets over 17 monthly samples (November/2002 to May/2004) from two sites (lagoa do Casamento and lagoa dos Gateados, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). Vertical lines or areas represent published estimates of size at first maturity (L50).
Fig. 5 in Estimating size at first maturity (L ) from Gonadossomatic Index (GSI) data
Fig. 5. Estimates of the size at first maturity (L50) as a function of different cutting criteria to distinguish reproductive females based in gonadossomatic index (GSI). Animals captured using seine and gill nets over 17 monthly samples (November/2002 to May/2004) at two sites (lagoa do Casamento and lagoa dos Gateados, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil).
Fig. 2 in Estimating size at first maturity (L ) from Gonadossomatic Index (GSI) data
Fig. 2. Logistic curves of relative frequency of reproductive females as function of size class. (black losange) Logistic curve with an asymptote at one and L 50 of 17.3. (white square) Frequencies of reproductive females from the simulation of Fig. 1, considering animals captured in the three months of greatest reproductive activity. In this case, asymptote is at 0.75 (a maximum of 75% of animals could be identified as reproductive). (black triangle) Result from applying a regular logistic, with asymptote at one, to the data of the frequencies of reproductive females from the simulation of Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 in Estimating size at first maturity (L ) from Gonadossomatic Index (GSI) data
Fig. 1. Computer simulation of a growing age-group with temporal relative frequency at three different reproductive stages (maturing, spawning, post-spawning). For simplicity, each maturity stage has a standard deviation of one month and is one month apart. In this simulation L 50 is 17.3, attained at age 10, when most of the females are identified as reproductive.
Fig. 4 in Estimating size at first maturity (L ) from Gonadossomatic Index (GSI) data
Fig. 4. Frequency distribution of females with individual gonadossomatic index (GSI) as a percentage of the maximum GSI identified for each of the four species. Animals captured using seine and gill nets over 17 monthly samples (November/2002 to May/2004) from two sites (lagoa do Casamento and lagoa dos Gateados, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil).
Adaptive immune response selects for postponed maturation and increased body size
<ol> <li>The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes encode proteins that initiate the adaptive immune response by presenting pathogen-derived antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes. Host-pathogen coevolution drives MHC polymorphism, introducing intraspecific variation in host life expectancy. This variation interacts with optimal growth strategy, as growth increases reproductive potential. While mortality rate and body size-dependent fecundity are major factors shaping life histories, the effect of intraspecific variation in MHC-based immunity on the evolution of growth strategies and host body size remains unknown.</li> <li>Here, we model how host MHC–pathogen coevolution—and its concomitant impact on host mortality—can affect the evolution of host life-histories, as represented by age at maturation and body size. Life histories were compared in scenarios with and without adaptive immune response under equal population-level mortality rates.</li> <li>We show that host-pathogen coevolutionary dynamics select for postponed maturation and increased body size. Although MHC genes and genes that determine body size were physically unlinked, selection imposed by the Red Queen process generated linkage disequilibrium between immunocompetent MHC alleles and the maturation-postponing alleles that prolong growth phase and increase body size. Particularly large body size was attained when pathogens mutated slowly, thus allowing the advantage of resistant MHC alleles to persist over multiple generations.</li> <li>The emergence of adaptive immunity, which is pathogen-specific and enables immunological memory, is considered a major evolutionary innovation of vertebrates. Our work suggests that the adaptive immune response, mediated by polymorphic MHC genes, may drive the evolution of host body size. This form of adaptive immunity may have thus predisposed vertebrates to evolve large body sizes and exhibit the macroevolutionary patterns of increasing body size over time that have been detected in comparative studies. </li> </ol>
Adaptive immune response selects for postponed maturation and increased body size
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Snag size and composition across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes snag biomass data for intermediate-aged and mature boreal forest stands across interior Alaska.
Size and composition of all live and dead trees and large shrubs across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes snag biomass data for intermediate-aged (20-59 yr old) and mature (60+ yr old) boreal forest stands across interior Alaska. Data from intermediate-aged stands was published in Alexander et al. 2012.
Data from: Minimum size limits and the reproductive value of numerous, young, mature female fish
<p>Fisheries management relies on various catch and effort controls to preserve spawning stock biomass and maximise sustainable yields while limiting fishery impacts on marine ecosystems. These include species-specific minimum or maximum size limits to protect either small non-reproductive sub-adults, a portion of reproductively mature adults, or large highly fecund individuals. Protecting size classes of mature fish is expected to yield a viable source of larvae for replenishing populations and reduce the risk of recruitment overfishing, yet size-specific recruitment contributions have rarely been assessed empirically. Here we apply genetic parentage analysis to measure the reproductive success of a size-structured population of a commercially important species of coral grouper (<i>Plectropomus</i> <i>maculatus </i>- Serranidae) in no-take marine reserves in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Although the per-capita reproductive success of individual fish increases rapidly with body-length, the numerous young mature female fish (NYMFFs), below the minimum size limit (38 cm total length), were responsible for generating disproportionately large contributions (36%) towards larval replenishment of both fished and reserve reefs. Our findings indicate that minimum size limits are an effective harvest control measure to safeguard a portion of the spawning stock biomass for coral grouper and supplement recruitment subsidies assured from no-take marine reserves.</p>
Data from: Minimum size limits and the reproductive value of numerous, young, mature female fish
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