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FIG. 7 in Description of a new species of Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850 (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Quercy Phosphorites with comments on the use of skull morphology for phylogenetics

FIG. 7. — Cranium of Cynodictis lacustris Gervais, 1852 (MNHN.F.Qu1903-20) in dorsal view (A), lateral view (B) and ventral view (C). Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; ce, carnassial embrasure pit; csm, crista supramastoideus; eo, exoccipital; fm, foramen magnum; fr, frontal; M1, upper first molar; mp, mastoid process; mx, maxillary; nc, nuchal crest; oc, occipital condyle; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pop, postorbital process of frontal; pp, paroccipital process; pr, promontorium of petrosal; ps, presphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptp, posttympanic process of squamosal; rt, foramen for ramus temporalis; sc, sagittal crest; tc, temporal crest. Scale bar: 10 mm.

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FIG. 2 in Description of a new species of Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850 (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Quercy Phosphorites with comments on the use of skull morphology for phylogenetics

FIG. 2. — Cranium of Cynodictis peignei n. sp. (snout – MNHN.F.Qu9007; neurocranium – MNHN.F.Qu9008) in dorsal view (A), lateral view (B) and ventral view (C). Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; C, upper canine; ce, carnassial embrasure pit; csm, crista supramastoideus; eo, exoccipital; fm, foramen magnum; fr, frontal; gf, glenoid fossa; I3, upper third incisor; inf, incisive foramen; iof, infraorbital foramen; ju, jugal; lac, lacrimal; lacf, lacrimal foramen; mp, mastoid process; mpfr, maxillary process of frontal; mx, maxillary; mxt, maxillary tuberosity; na, nasal; nc, nuchal crest; np, nasal process of nasal; oc, occipital condyle; P1, upper first premolar; P2, upper second premolar; P3, upper third premolar; P4, upper ultimate premolar; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pdp, posterodorsal process of premaxillary; pgp, postglenoid process; pmx, premaxillary; pop, postorbital process of frontal; pp, paroccipital process; pr, promontorium of petrosal; ptp, posttympanic process of squamosal; rt, foramen for ramus temporalis; sc, sagittal crest; sq, squamosal; zpmx, zygomatic process of maxillary; zpsq, zygomatic process of squamosal. Scale bar: 10 mm.

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Fig. 1. Devinophoca claytoni A — incomplete skull with right M1and left P2-M1 in Mandibular Morphology Of The Mid-Miocene Seal Devinophoca Claytoni (Carnivora, Phocidae, Devinophocinae)

Fig. 1. Devinophoca claytoni A — incomplete skull with right M1and left P2-M1 (Z14532, holotype) and B — left mandible without ramus (SNMZ 25510; referred material) from the Museum of Natural History, Slovak National Museum, Bratislava, Slovak Republic).

Fig. 5 in Remarks on the skull morphology of Canis lupaster Hemprich and Herenberg, 1832 from the collection of the Natural History Museum "G. Doria" of Genoa, Italy

Fig. 5 - Box plots of selected absolute measurements and ratios; a) comparison of total length (TL) of C. lupaster and C. lupus male and female; b) ratio between length of premolars an length of molars (LPR/LMR); c) ratio between the great palatal breadth and the breadth measured at canine alveoli (GPB/BCA; d) ratio between total length and condilobasal length (TL/CL).

Fig. 2 in Remarks on the skull morphology of Canis lupaster Hemprich and Herenberg, 1832 from the collection of the Natural History Museum "G. Doria" of Genoa, Italy

Fig. 2 - Teeth comparison; a1: upper teeth of C. lupus; a2) lower teeth of C lupus; b1) upper teeth of C. lupaster; b2) lower teeth of C lupaster; c1) upper teeth of C. anthus; c2) lower teeth of C. anthus.

Fig. 3 - Specimen MSNG 26228 in Remarks on the skull morphology of Canis lupaster Hemprich and Herenberg, 1832 from the collection of the Natural History Museum "G. Doria" of Genoa, Italy

Fig. 3 - Specimen MSNG 26228; a) skull in dorsal view; b) skull in ventral view, oronasal fistula indicated from white arrow; c) skull in right lateral view; d) detail of the right upper carnassial; e) mandible in occlusal view.

Fig. 1 - Specimen MSNG 26232. a in Remarks on the skull morphology of Canis lupaster Hemprich and Herenberg, 1832 from the collection of the Natural History Museum "G. Doria" of Genoa, Italy

Fig. 1 - Specimen MSNG 26232. a) skull in left lateral view; b) skull in ventral view; c) skull in dorsal view; d) left hemimandible in lingual view; e) left hemimandible in labial view; f) occlusal view of P4-M3.

Fig. 4 in Remarks on the skull morphology of Canis lupaster Hemprich and Herenberg, 1832 from the collection of the Natural History Museum "G. Doria" of Genoa, Italy

Fig. 4 - Multivariate analysis; triangle) C. lupus; square) C. lupaster; circle) C. anthus; a) PCA on skull and mandible; b) MANOVA on upper and lower teeth.

Fig. 3 in Morphological Differentiation of the Skull in Two Closely-related Mustelid Species (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

Fig. 3. Projections specific (M. putorius and M. eversmanii) morphospace models on first two coordinates E1-E2 and K1-K2.

Fig. 2 in Morphological Differentiation of the Skull in Two Closely-related Mustelid Species (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

Fig. 2. NJ trees of skull measurements in M. putorius and M. eversmanii based on the absolute values of Spearman Rank Order Correlation coefficients from Tables 3-4.

Fig. 1 in Morphological Differentiation of the Skull in Two Closely-related Mustelid Species (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

Fig. 1. Two-species (M. putorius, M. eversmanii) morphospace models: (A) skull size morphospace based on NMDS axes E1, E2, and skull shape morphospace based on NMDS axes K1, K2; (B) three-dimensional joint 'size/shape' diversity morphospace based on principal components PC1-PC3.

Fig. 5 in Morphological Differentiation of the Skull in Two Closely-related Mustelid Species (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

Fig. 5. (A) Allometry of (CbL), the neurocranium length (NcL), the viscerocranium length (VcL) in M. putorius. (B-D) allometry of the postorbital width (PoW), width of auditory bulla (AbW) and the minimal palatal width (MpW) in M. putorius and M. eversmanii. First coordinate of the morphospaces (E1) is a general size factor of the skull.

Fig. 4 in Morphological Differentiation of the Skull in Two Closely-related Mustelid Species (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

Fig. 4. Scatterplots of PC1 vs. PC2 (A) and PC1 vs. PC3 (B) showing the relative positions of the European and steppe polecats and other mustelines species. (C) UPGMA dendrogram of morphological diversity macroparameters based on factor loadings from Table 6: ds, df - dimensionality of the morphospace models, Hs, Hf - entropy, Hds, Hdf - the average entropy, MOs, MOf - the measures of morphosystem organization; abbreviations s and f mark the macroparameters of 'size' diversity and 'shape' diversity of the skull correspondently.

Fig. 5 in Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads

Fig. 5 The first and second principal components of average skull shape of 49 toad species. The shape changes are summarised by wireframe graphs along the axes. Recognised clades are the Atelopodina

Fig. 2 in Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads

Fig. 2 Variation in the degree of ossification of the parasphenoid and prootic in common toads. The arrows indicate the adjacent cranial bones for which character states ('connected' or 'unconnected') were scored as follows: prootic to exoccipital (P-E), prootic to squamosal (P-Sq), sphenethmoid to parasphenoid (Sp-Ps), sphenethmoid to palatine (Sp-Pa) and exoccipital to parasphenoid (E-Ps)

Fig. 4 in Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads

Fig. 4 The degree of bone connectedness in Bufo bufo skulls illustrated in ventral view. The individuals with different cranial kinesis scores(CK i) are shown as follows: left CKi= 1, middle CK i= 2 and rightCK i = 5. Arrows point to connected bones. The abbreviations are

Fig. 3 in Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads

Fig. 3 Bivariate plot on skull shape variables in Bufo bufo (blue symbols) and B. spinosus (red symbols) over the first (PC1) and second axes (PC2) of a principal component analysis, with females shown by solid symbols and males by open symbols. The amount of variation explained over the axes is shown within parentheses. The shape changes along PC axes are summarised by wireframe graphs depicting the dorsal (top row), posterior (middle row) and lateral (bottom row) skull shape. The images of 3D models showing mean skull shape were presented

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Figure 1 in Morphology and spatial constraints in a dorso-ventrally flattened skull, with a revised species description of Platyallabes tihoni (Poll, 1944)

Figure 1. Platyallabes tihoni (197 mm SL) (MRAC 77-22-P-3127). (a) Dorsal view; (b) lateral view of the head; (c) dorsal view of the head; (d) ventral view of head. Scale bars: 1 mm. Photographs: S. Devaere.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2005View details →

Figure 6 in Morphology and spatial constraints in a dorso-ventrally flattened skull, with a revised species description of Platyallabes tihoni (Poll, 1944)

Figure 6. Ventral view of head musculature of Platyallabes tihoni (135 mm SL) (MRAC 125345–349). (a) Skin removed; (b) ventral part the hyoid protractor removed; (c) dorsal part of hyoid protractor, intermandibular and hyohyoideus inferior removed; (d) hyohyoideus abductor and the hyohyoidei adductores removed. Scale bar: 2 mm. Dotted areas represent cartilage.