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16 results for “snowfences”
Snow depth data for saddle snowfence, 1992 - ongoing.
A snowfence was built in 1993 on the Niwot Ridge Saddle grid to determine the effects of changes in snowpack on a number of variables. The study area was 60m x 125m. Snow depths were measured at each of 147 points within the snowfence experiment area and at 6 control locations outside of but near the snowfence experiment area. Of the 147 points, 84 were located on the leeward (east) side of the snowfence, 56 were located on the windward (west) side of the snowfence, and 7 were located along the snowfence itself. These measurements were made weekly to biweekly. Sampling locations were each given a unique point identification number so that these data could be incorporated into the Saddle GIS. The snowfence was oriented in a north/south direction and was 60 m long. Each of the point identification numbers had a coordinate within the experiment area. The first number of the coordinate was the distance in m from the snowfence in an east/west direction, negative numbers being west of the snowfence and positive numbers being east of the fence. The second number in the coordinate was the distance in m from the southern terminus of the snowfence in a northerly direction.
Plant species composition and aboveground biomass data for Saddle snowfence, 1996 - ongoing.
Bowman et al. (1993) have demonstrated that alpine tundra is sensitive to nitrogen and phosphorus additions. Changes in productivity and species composition (belatedly) follow chronic fertilization. Exactly how this response is mediated by changes in precipitation is unknown but can be addressed using the snowfence experiment. Moreover, replication of the experiment will allow for additional sampling of biotic and abiotic components and processes not possible with the size of the Bowman plots. In 1993, 64 2x2m plots were placed in dry and mesic sites both within and outside of the snowfence area, so that 4 replicates of each treatment (nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, and control) could be established in each meadow type with and without snowpack augmentation. 16 additional plots were established on a wet meadow site, but since a corresponding type site did not exist in the snowfence area, there was no snowpack manipulation for the wet meadow plots. In 2016, 9 existing plots were selected and 6 control plots added for assessing recovery from augmented snowpack treatment. Aboveground biomass, species richness, and species composition have been collected periodically since 1996.
Baseline soil inorganic and organic property data for Saddle snowfence, 1993.
Soil cores were collected during the construction of the 100+year snowfence on the Niwot Ridge Saddle in the autumn of 1993. Organic matter determinations were made on the samples in January 1994. The samples were also measured for total phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon. These 1993 samples were representative of the baseline (pre-snowfence) soil conditions.
Normalized difference vegetation index data for Saddle snowfence, 1994.
A snowfence was built in 1993 on the Niwot Ridge Saddle grid to determine the effects of changes in snowpack on a number of variables, one of which was vegetation greenness (measured through the normalized difference vegetation index). The study area of the snowfence was 60m x 125m. Spectral data in the red and near infra- red bands were recorded at sixty plots (points) in four rows located approximately at 10, 25, 45, and 75 meters east of the fence (the drift area). The plots were marked with thin wire stakes put into the ground and flagged (for visibility) and given aluminum tags with their plot identification code. All the plots were located in Kobresia myosuroides communities. In each row there were ten plots located in control areas just to the north and south of the area affected by the snowfence -- five to the north and five to the south -- and five plots located in the drift area of the snowfence. The individual plots were broken into groups of five according to their location (i.e., their distance from the fence (row), and location within their row (north, south, or within the snowfence area)). Within each of these groups, the plots were given a number starting with one and going to five. The plots were then given unique codes made up of plot type (c for control and sf for snowfence), location within a row (for the control plots only - n for north and s for south), the distance in meters of the row from the snowfence (10, 25, 45, or 75), and the number that uniquely identifies each plot within a group (one through five). For example, the code cn10_1 represents plot number one of the group of control plots north of the snowfence and 10 meters east of the snowfence. The location of each plot was measured as set of coordinates within the snowfence area. The southern terminus of the snowfence was used as the origin, with the y-axis running along the snowfence and the x-axis running perpendicular to the snowfence at it's southern end. The first coordinate was t
Soil temperature data for Saddle snowfence, 1992 - 1995.
A snowfence was built in 1993 on the Niwot Ridge Saddle grid to determine the effects of changes in snowpack on a number of variables, one of which was soil temperature. The study area was 60m x 125m. Soil temperatures were measured at two depths (0 and 15 cm) at each of 13 locations within the snowfence experiment area. Soil temperatures were measured at the same depths at each of 6 control locations outside of but near the snowfence experiment area. These measurements were made weekly to biweekly using fixed thermistors and data loggers. Sampling locations were each given a unique point identification number in order that these data could be incorporated into the Saddle GIS. The snowfence was oriented in a north/south direction and was 60m long. Each of the point identification numbers had a coordinate within the experiment area. The first number of the coordinate was the distance in m from the snowfence in an east/west direction, negative numbers being west of the snowfence and positive numbers being east of the fence. The second number in the coordinate was the distance in m from the southern terminus of the snowfence in a northerly direction. The point identification numbers and coordinates were: 203 (-40,30), 217 (-30,30), 231 (-20,30), 245 (-10,30), 252 (-5,30), 259 (5,30), 266 (10,30), 281 (20,30), 295 (30,30), 309 (40,30), 323 (50,30), 337 (60,30). Controls were located outside of the snowfence experiment area: 113 (approximately 10 m south of the -30,0 coordinate) in the Acomastylidetum rossii vegetation association, 114 (approximately 11 m south of the -25,0 coordinate) in the Acomastylidetum rossii vegetation association, 115 (approximately 8 m south of the 55,0 coordinate) in the Kobresietum myosuroidis vegetation association, 116 (approximately 5 m north of the 50,60 coordinate) in the Kobresietum myosuroidis vegetation association, 117 (approximately 3 m north of the -23,60 coordinate) in the Rhodiolo integrifoliae vegetation association, 118 (approxi
Warming and snow experiment plant phenology data for Saddle snowfence, 1993 - 1996.
The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) is a consortium of research sites seeking to understand the response of tundra plant populations to changes in growing season temperatures through a simple temperature manipulation and transplant experiment. The research goal is to examine the phenologic and reproductive responses of a set of species to experimentally-induced warming at a network of sites. The ITEX design is hierarchical, with sites participating at whatever level they are able. At the minimum, participation in ITEX requires climate monitoring (using the LTER MSR standards), a temperature manipulation using one of three possible designs, and monitoring phenologic and reproductive variables for at least one designated ITEX species or two other species. The temperature manipulation is achieved through use of conical or hexagonal open-top chambers of solar fiberglass, which have been shown to increase the air temperature at the surface approximately 3 degrees C. ITEX studies at Niwot Ridge, a logical outgrowth of the long-term phenology studies there, uses a factorial design based around the long-term snowfence experiment. Twenty cones are placed behind the snowfence, distributed at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m from the fence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. Beginning with the 1995 season, 24 additional plots were implemented outside of the snowfence influence. Twelve cones are distributed beyond both the north and south edges of the snowfence area, at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m behind the line of the snowfence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. This results in the following treatments: increased winter snow, increased summer temperature, increased snow and increased temperature, and control. Key phenologic, growth, and reproductive traits are being followed on marked individuals of Acomastylis (Geum) rossii and Bistorta (Polygonum) bistortoides, and complete species composition is being monitored.
Saddle snowfence grid points, Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
Point coverage of Saddle snow fence point grid. 1:500 scale. The Saddle snow fence is a 60-meter long, 2.6-meter high fence erected annually in the fall for manipulating winter snowpack and snow drift along a topoedaphic gradient. The fence was first installed in fall of 1993 and is taken down every summer to avoid influencing summer ambient wind. The fence is oriented along a north-south axis, as prevailing winds on Niwot Ridge come from the west, and delineates shrub and moist meadow communities on the windward (west) side and dry meadow communities on the leeward (east) side. The snowfence grid exists within a 60m x 125m area that contains the snowfence. Of the 146 points in the snowfence grid dataset, 84 are located on the leeward (east) side of the snowfence, 56 are located on the windward (west) side of the snowfence, and 6 are control locations outside of but near the snowfence experiment area. See Fig. 4 in Walker et al. (1999) for graphical depiction of the Saddle snow fence grid, snow fence, and vegetation communities within. Snow depth is measured annually at the snow fence grid points, and the grid has been used for locating experimental plots and instrumentation (e.g. see Walker et al. 1993b, Brooks et al. 1995, Walker et al. 1999). This dataset is part of the Saddle grid geographic information system (GIS). Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993a).
McMurdo Dry Valleys Soils Snowfence Nematode and Metazoa Survey Experiment
Increases in soil moisture from snow packs may influence distribution and abundances of soil invertebrates. In this study, two snow fences were erected in Lake Fryxell and Lake Bonney basins to trap snow and examine the effects of increased snow pack on soil physical, chemical and biological properties.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Lake Bonney Snowfence Meteorological Station Measurements
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, meteorological data was collected from various locations throughout Taylor, Wright and Victoria Valleys. These files contain data for the Lake Bonney Snowfence station (in Taylor Valley). Measurements at this temporary met station ceased on April 2006.
McMurdo Dry Valleys F6 Snowfence Station Measurements
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, meteorological data was collected from various locations throughout Taylor, Wright and Victoria Valleys. These files contain data for the F6 Snowfence station (by Lake Fryxell, in Taylor Valley).
McMurdo Dry Valleys F6 Snowfence Station Daily Averages
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, meteorological data was collected from various locations throughout Taylor, Wright and Victoria Valleys. These files contain derived data for the daily averages for the F6 Snowfence station (by Lake Fryxell, in Taylor Valley) from 2000 to 2009
McMurdo Dry Valleys F6 Snowfence Station Monthly Averages
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, meteorological data was collected from various locations throughout Taylor, Wright and Victoria Valleys. These files contain derived data for the monthly averages for the F6 Snowfence station (by Lake Fryxell, in Taylor Valley) from 2000 to 2009
Soil microarthropod density data for saddle snowfence and S slope of Niwot Ridge, 1992 - 1993.
These data were used in this publication: O'Lear, H.A., and T.R. Seastedt. 1994. Landscape patterns of litter decomposition in alpine tundra. Oecologia 99: 95-101. doi: 10.1007/BF00317088 Microarthropod densities in the upper 5 cm of soil were estimated for different alpine communities on Niwot Ridge in the Front Range of Colorado. Densitites were higher than previously reported and averaged 111,200 individualsgm2. Acari dominated this group and composed 80-90% of the fauna; Collembola composed an average of 15%. Oribatid mites composed 23-58% of total densities, while Prostigmatid mites composed 32-54%. The relative abundance of the Oribatid and Prostigmatid mites varied significantly across the landscape, with Prostigmatids more abundant in the xeric sites. Composition of the detritus-based food web appear to change substantially across the snow depth gradient found in the alpine tundra. NOTE: The LTER data portal display does not display important maintenance/log information or other EML metadata features. Please be sure to view the EML file (a text file that contains XML tags) which is included in the zip archive (click on "Download zip archive") pertaining to each dataset. The EML file name will have the following format: knb-lter-nwt.[3 digit dataset number].[version number].xml. Most web browsers can parse the EML so it's easier to read.
Warming and snow experiment plant species composition data for Saddle snowfence, 1993 - 2000.
The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) is a consortium of research sites seeking to understand the response of tundra plant populations to changes in growing season temperatures through a simple temperature manipulation and transplant experiment. The research goal is to examine the phenologic and reproductive responses of a set of species to experimentally-induced warming at a network of sites. The ITEX design is hierarchical, with sites participating at whatever level they are able. At the minimum, participation in ITEX requires climate monitoring (using the LTER MSR standards), a temperature manipulation using one of three possible designs, and monitoring phenologic and reproductive variables for at least one designated ITEX species or two other species. The temperature manipulation is achieved through use of conical or hexagonal open-top chambers of solar fiberglass, which have been shown to increase the air temperature at the surface approximately 3 degrees C. ITEX studies at Niwot Ridge, a logical outgrowth of the long-term phenology studies there, uses a factorial design based around the long-term snowfence experiment. Twenty cones are placed behind the snowfence, distributed at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m from the fence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. Beginning with the 1995 season, 24 additional plots were implemented outside of the snowfence influence. Twelve cones are distributed beyond both the north and south edges of the snowfence area, at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m behind the line of the snowfence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. This results in the following treatments: increased winter snow, increased summer temperature, increased snow and increased temperature, and control. Key phenologic, growth, and reproductive traits are being followed on marked individuals of Acomastylis (Geum) rossii and Bistorta (Polygonum) bistortoides, and complete species composition is being monitored. The point-quadrat technique used was identical to that d
McMurdo Dry Valleys Lake Bonney Snowfence Meteorological Station Daily Averages
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, meteorological data was collected from various locations throughout Taylor, Wright and Victoria Valleys. These files contain data for the Lake Bonney Snowfence station (in Taylor Valley). Measurements at this temporary met station ceased on April 2006. Here we offer the daily averages based on the 15-min frequency data for the Lake Bonney Snowfence station.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Lake Bonney Snowfence Meteorological Station Monthly Averages
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, meteorological data was collected from various locations throughout Taylor, Wright and Victoria Valleys. These files contain data for the Lake Bonney Snowfence station (in Taylor Valley). Measurements at this temporary met station ceased on April 2006. Here we offer the monthly averages based on the 15-min frequency data for the Lake Bonney Snowfence station.
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