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5 results for “snowfinch”
Supplementary material for: "Who gets the pole position? Spatial and social behaviour of snowfinches at winter feeders in Alpine habitat"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><span>In collective foraging, an individual’s ability to compete with conspecifics can considerably influence its foraging strategy and success. Strong competitors can fight for prioritised access to food, while weak competitors may avoid aggressions and rather seek out less contested foraging opportunities. However, insecure access to food can be detrimental to weak competitors, especially during periods of low and unpredictable resource availability. Here we investigated individual foraging behaviour of White-winged snowfinches <em>Montifringilla nivalis</em>, specialists of alpine habitats and their strategies for coping with competition for food resources in winter. A difference in condition dependence of survival rates between males and females in this species has made us hypothesise that males may be more dominant in accessing food resources than females. We set up artificial experimental food patches in the Swiss Alps to observe foraging male and female snow finches and recorded their behaviour in interactions with conspecifics and their spatial position relative to the food. We found that individuals frequently occupying positions close to the food resources were more involved in agonistic interactions than individuals staying in more distant positions.</span><span> </span><span>This result suggests that different individuals use different foraging strategies, probably depending on their level of competitiveness. Furthermore, we observed males to forage slightly closer to the food source than females,</span><span> </span><span>which could imply that females may have less access to artificial feeders than males. </span></p>
Data from: Museomics help resolving the phylogeny of snowfinches (Aves, Passeridae, Montifringilla and allies)
<p>Historical specimens from museum collections provide a valuable source of material also from remote areas or regions of conflict that are not easily accessible to scientists today. With this study, we are providing a taxon-complete phylogeny of snowfinches using historical DNA from whole skins of an endemic species from Afghanistan, the Afghan snowfinch, <em>Pyrgilauda theresae</em>. To resolve the strong conflict between previous phylogenetic hypotheses, we generated novel mitogenome sequences for selected taxa and genome-wide SNP data using from ddRAD sequencing for all extant snowfinch species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and for an extended intraspecific sampling of the sole Central and Western Palearctic snowfinch species (<em>Montifringilla nivalis</em>).</p>
Data from: Museomics help resolving the phylogeny of snowfinches (Aves, Passeridae, Montifringilla and allies)
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Data from: Quantifying adaptive divergence of the snowfinches in a common landscape
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Species living in a shared environment face similar selective pressures and often evolve adaptive divergence to avoid competition. Quantifying phenotypic divergence and its genetic parallelism among sympatric species is important for understanding of ecologically moderated biodiversity. Here we integrate ecologic, phenotypic and genomic datasets to study to what extent three sympatrically snowfinches (<em>Montifringilla adamsi</em>, <em>Pyrgilauda ruficollis</em> and <em>Onychostruthus taczanowskii</em>) differ in their adaptations in order to co-exist in a shared environment.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We used principal component analysis to summarize and compare environmental and phenotypic divergence. We compared phenotypes relevant to body and beak sizes (n=68) because they are indicators of niche and food segregation, thus critical for establishing co-existence of sympatric birds. We used comparative genomics (n=33) to identify genetic loci that are highly divergent between species as well as loci unique for each of species. Using vector analyses, we integrated correlation and permutation to quantify parallelism between phenotypic and genetic divergences.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We found that body and beak sizes are significantly different among three snowfinches. The phenotypic differentiations are greater in species that share similar ecological conditions than in those that do not. We showed that genes related to developmental process are over-represented within highly divergent genomic regions and unique genetic loci of each species. We found that the extent of phenotypic divergence between snowfinch pairs is more strongly correlated with the magnitude of divergence in developmental genes than in the whole-genome.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> Adaptive divergence of sympatric snowfinches is highly constrained on developmental genes. As this genetic divergence is strongly correlated with divergence of the traits related to segregation in niche and food resources, this correlation reflects either causal effects or indirect consequences of ecological mediated changes. Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying evolutionary versatility and ecological success among sympatric species.</p>
Data from: Quantifying adaptive divergence of the snowfinches in a common landscape
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