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45 results for “snowpack”
Increased temperature, N and snowpack experiment for north of saddle, 2006 - ongoing.
In 2006 we established a global change experiment in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains to investigate how manipulations of warmer summer temperature, N deposition, and increased snowpack would affect the growth of alpine plants. The experiment was implemented on Niwot Ridge, where shrub cover has expanded by over 400% since 1946 (Formica et al. 2014). We established experimental plots north of the Niwot Ridge saddle, in an area of moist meadow tundra where willow shrub (Salix sp.) patches are present. Within experimental plots, Salix glauca seedlings were transplanted in 2006 and 2007 to test whether changing environmental conditions facilitated shrub survival and growth. In 2007 and 2008, phenological observations were recorded for all (2007) or abundant (2008) species in experimental plots. Measurements of plant species composition and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) are also made annually or biennially (ANPP, 2017-onward). In 2021, canopy height and NDVI began being measured annually. In July of 2016, a community transplant experiment was implemented to test whether changing environmental conditions support changes in alpine tundra plant communities. Two species characteristic of (1) dry meadow tundra (Tetraneuris acaulis, Erigeron pinnatisectus), (2) snowbed tundra (Ranunculus adoneus, Saxifraga rhomboidea) and (3) subalpine meadow (Trollius albiflorus, Polemonium pulcherrimum) were transplanted into experimental plots. Survival and growth of transplants was documented annually through 2021.
Snowpack in Hemlock, Hardwood, and Open Sites at Harvard Forest 2008-2014
Sub-forest canopy meteorological forcing and snowpack properties can profoundly influence the winter ecology. 3/4 inch graduated PVC snow stakes and web cams were installed at three Harvard Forest (HF) sites including: mixed-hardwood at the Little Prospect Hill (LPH) Eddy Flux Tower, near the Hemlock walk-up tower, and at the open area behind Shaler Hall. Web cameras connected to a laptop at the three sites provided daily images of snowpack surface depth. Snow density profiles were recorded during weekly to monthly site visits from December 2008 to April 2014. Gaps in the datasets were primarily caused by laptop malfunctions and lack of site visits necessary to maintain equipment and to obtain density measurements of the snowpack. There were no site visits to record snowpack properties during the 2011-2012 snow season, a year of unusually low snowfall. These datasets would prove useful for research related to snow ecology and hydrology projects at Harvard Forest.
Snowpack temperature profile dataset from a boreal forest watershed in eastern Canada.
<p>This dataset presents snow temperature profiles from nine different boreal forest sites in eastern Canada collected over two consecutive winters, 2016-17 and 2017-18. The dataset includes snowpack temperature profiles, snow depth, air temperature, and soil temperature. In addition, the two flux towers provided us with the additional heat and water vapour fluxes. We also present data extracted from intensive snow coring and snowpit surveys, conducted on a weekly and bi-weekly basis. Additionally, stable water isotope data collected from individual snowpack are presented here. </p> <p>To learn more about the additional information about the data, please read the "Readme.txt" file. </p>
Mean snowpack ablation data for Green Lakes Valley, 1969 - 2005.
Lowering of the snowpack surface by ablation (melt) was estimated on a biweekly to weekly basis in the Green Lakes Valley during the summer months. Poles were driven into the snowpack to form transects in several snow-accumulation areas (east face of Arikaree Peak, talus on the north side of Kiowa Peak, rock glacier/wetland between Green Lakes 4 and 5, Arikaree Glacier, Green Lakes 4 and 5, and the Martinelli basin). The height difference (cm) between the snow surface and the top of each pole was recorded. On the subsequent visit the new height difference was recorded and the pole was driven into the snow and the reset height was recorded. Poles in a given transect were relocated as necessary during the course of the season.
Transect snowpack ablation data for Green Lakes Valley, 1993 - 2005.
Lowering of the snowpack surface by ablation (melt) was estimated on a biweekly to weekly basis in the Green Lakes Valley during the summer months. Poles were driven into the snowpack to form transects in several snow-accumulation areas (Arikaree Glacier, Green Lakes 4 and 5, and the Martinelli basin). The height difference (cm) between the snow surface and the top of each pole was recorded. On the subsequent visit the new height difference was recorded and the pole was driven into the snow and the reset height was recorded. Poles in a given transect were relocated as necessary during the course of the season.
Trollius transplant performance in the increased temperature, N and snowpack experiment, 2021 - ongoing.
This range expansion experiment was installed in the summer of 2021. We experimentally simulated the range expansion of a subalpine buttercup, Trollius albiflorus, by transplanting six adults into the west edge of the ITEX global change experimental plots, for a total of 288 transplants. To parse apart abiotic and biotic drivers on range expansion, we manipulated half the transplants to ‘reduce below-ground biotic interactions’ using PVC pipe vs ‘control’ biotic conditions where below-ground interactions we left intact. To record above-ground interactions, in 2022-2024 we recorded neighborhood percent cover at the species-level around each Trollius albiflorus transplant using a 10 cm circular hoop. In 2023 and 2024, we quantified soil conditions surrounding each transplant by recording soil moisture (%VWC) and soil temperature (Celsius).
Supporting data for "Forest carbon uptake as influenced by snowpack and length of photosynthesis season in seasonally snow-covered forests of North America"
<p>This is a supporting dataset for the paper :</p> <div> <div>Yang, J. C., Bowling, D. R., Smith, K. R., Kunik, L., Raczka, B., Anderegg, W. R. L., Bahn, M., Blanken, P. D., Richardson, A. D., Burns, S. P., Bohrer, G., Desai, A. R., Arain, M. A., Staebler, R. M., Ouimette, A. P., Munger, J. W., and Litvak, M. E.: Forest carbon uptake as influenced by snowpack and length of photosynthesis season in seasonally snow-covered forests of North America, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 353, 110054, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110054">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110054</a>, 2024.</div> </div> <p>Descriptions and units for each column can be found in a dedicated page within the data file. Methods are decribed in the paper.</p>
The Application of a Snowpack Runoff Decision Support System for Rain-on-Snow Events Dataset
<p>This work was funded by the State of Nevada - Department of Transportation award No. P296-22-803 and UCAR COMET Outreach Program SUBAWD004566. </p>
Data: Recent waning snowpack in the Alps is unprecedented in the last six centuries
<p><strong>Data_Dendro.txt</strong> contains the indexed ring-width chronology derived from living and relict common juniper (<em>Juniperus communis</em> L.) collected within or above the treeline in Ventina valley (46° 18’N, 9° 46’E). This data was used to reconstruct snowpack duration from 1400 to 2018 after calibration/validation with snow cover duration modelled from daily temperature and precipitation series.</p> <p><strong>Data_SALP_Reconstruction.txt</strong> contains the snow cover duration ring-width reconstruction (SALP) spanning from 1400 to 2018.</p> <p><strong>Data_Snow_cover_duration_south_Alps_1951_2018.txt</strong> contains the gridded 30’’ resolution snow cover duration over southern Alps for the period 1951-2018 as derived from a degree-day model applied to daily temperature and precipitation observations and calibrated on 312 snow depth observational series. This data was used to analyse the spatial signature of the indexed ring-width chronology.</p> <p><strong>Data_Time_serie_snow_cover_duration_Ventina.txt</strong> contains the snow cover duration series (period 1834-2018) derived for the specific location of the site chronology, obtained with a degree-day model applied to daily temperature and precipitation observations and calibrated on snow depth observational series. These data were used to calibrate/validate the snow cover reconstruction based on the indexed ring-width chronology.</p> <p>They are documented in the following article:</p> <p>Carrer, M., Dibona, R., Prendin, A. L., Brunetti,M., 2022. Recent waning snowpack in the Alps is unprecedented in the last six centuries. Nature Climate Change.</p>
Winter Season Spectral Snowpack Albedo Data For the Caldor and Creek Fires
<p>* Description: The file "Caldor_Creek_Fires_Winter_Snow_Albedo_Spectrometer_Dataset.csv" is a comma-delimited file containing the spectral snowpack albedo measurements from the Caldor and Creek Fires in California and the associated burn severities at the location of each measurement.</p> <p> </p> <p>Data and File Overview</p> <p>======================</p> <p>Summary Metrics</p> <p>---------------</p> <p>* File count: 1</p> <p>* Total file size: 909 KB </p> <p>* Range of individual file sizes: 909 KB </p> <p>* File formats: .csv</p> <p> </p> <p>Naming Conventions</p> <p>------------------</p> <p>* File naming scheme: One file that includes all dates, all burn severities, all wavelengths.</p> <p>* Format(s): Comma-separated value (.csv) file</p> <p>* Size(s): 909 KB</p> <p>* Dimensions: 17,209 rows x 6 columns</p> <p>* Variables:</p> <p> * Measurement_Number: An index of the measurement number, unitless</p> <p> * wavelength: The wavelength of light (units in nanometers) for which albedo sample ranging from 350-2500 nm</p> <p> * Type: Measurement type is albedo in various burn severity environments (_hb is high burn severity, _mb is moderate burn severity, _ub is unburned, with the last letter corresponding to the month (J is January, F is February, A is April). NA corresponds to estimated January unburned data for the Caldor Fire where unburned albedo for April in the Creek Fire was adjusted downwards by 0.04 to account for less grain-size growth (Colbeck 1982, Rev. Geophys., https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/RG020i001p00045). </p> <p> * Albedo: The albedo (unitless), is a measurement of the solar radiation reflected by the snow surface divided by the radiation incident on its surface. In other words, albedo is the fraction of the incident sunlight reflected by the snow.</p> <p> * month: The month when the measurement was taken</p> <p> * burn: Burn severity at measurement location based upon classifications (High, Medium,, Unburned) from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Dataset (https://mtbs.gov/). NA corresponds to the estimated unburned data for the Caldor Fire using April unburned data in the Creek Fire.</p> <p> * Missing data codes: No missing data is presented.</p> <p> </p> <p>Dates and Locations</p> <p>-------------------</p> <p>* Dates of data collection: Surface albedo collected in 27-28 February 2021, 1 April 2021, and 21 January 2022</p> <p>* Geographic locations of data collection: Data collected within the Caldor Fire perimeter in the central Sierra Nevada, California-Nevada (January 2022) and the Creek Fire perimeter, California (February and April 2021).</p> <p> </p> <p>Setup</p> <p>-----</p> <p>* Recommended software/tools to open file: parentage- R Studio; file can be opened using any text editor or programming language (e.g., R Studio, MATLAB, Python, TextMate, Microsoft Excel, etc)</p> <p> </p>
Greenland Ice Sheet modeled firn properties from SNOWPACK and the Community Firn Model (1980-2020)
<p>This dataset contains model output from the physics-based SNOWPACK firn model and the semi-empirical Community Firn Model (CFM) over the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1980 through 2020. Included are individual density profiles for locations with firn density observations as well as firn air content (FAC) calculated over different depth intervals. Data for both models are supplied. These data are used in a manuscript to be submitted to The Cryosphere journal (see Thompson-Munson et al., in review).</p>
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Tree Growth Data in support of "Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems", Conrad-Rooney et al. PNAS 2025
Data associated with the publication: Conrad-Rooney E, AB Reinmann, PH Templer. Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025. This dataset includes cumulative stem biomass carbon data (from pre-treatment in 2012 until 2022) and annual stem biomass growth rates (not cumulative) for 2015-2022 for the red maple trees at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Temperature, Soil Frost, and Snow Depth Data in support of "Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems", Conrad-Rooney et al. PNAS 2025
Data associated with the publication: Conrad-Rooney E, AB Reinmann, PH Templer. Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025. This dataset includes soil temperature (winter 2021-2022) and snow depth and frost depth (winter 2022-2023) at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Mean snowpack ablation data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1992 - 1993.
Lowering of the snowpack surface by ablation (melt) was measured on a bimonthly basis within couloirs above the Green Lakes and Isabelle Valleys during the summer months. One-inch diameter PVC poles were driven into the snowpack to form vertical transects within each couloir. The height difference (cm) between the top of each pole and the snow surface was recorded. On the subsequent visit the new height difference was recorded and the pole driven into the snow and the reset height was recorded. Poles in a given transect were relocated as necessary during the course of the season.
Transect snowpack ablation data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1992 - 1993.
Lowering of the snowpack surface by ablation (melt) was measured on a bimonthly basis within couloirs above the Green Lakes and Isabelle Valleys during the summer months. One-inch diameter PVC poles were driven into the snowpack to form vertical transects within each couloir. The height difference (cm) between the top of each pole and the snow surface was recorded. On the subsequent visit the new height difference was recorded and the pole driven into the snow and the reset height was recorded. Poles in a given transect were relocated as necessary during the course of the season.
Data and code associated with the manuscript: Three centuries of snowpack decline at an Alpine pass revealed by cosmogenic paleothermometry and luminescence photochronometry
<p>This dataset contains the data as well as the Matlab codes needed to reproduce the results in the following manuscript:</p> <p>Guralnik, B., Tremblay, M.M., Phillips, M., Sellwood, E.L., Gribenski, N., Presl, R., Haberkorn, A., Sohbati, R., Shuster, D.L., Valla, P., Jain, M., Schindler, K., Wallinga, J., and Hippe, K., Three centuries of snowpack decline at an Alpine pass revealed by cosmogenic paleothermometry and luminescence photochronometry. </p> <p>Briefly, this manuscript presents novel datasets of cosmogenic paleothermometery (quartz He-3) and luminescence photochronometery (feldspar IRSL), whose pairing constrains the temperature and insolation history of three bedrock outcrops at the Gotthard Pass in Switzerland over the last ~15,000 years. </p> <p>The data include (1) measured concentrations of cosmogenic Be-10, C-14, and He-3 in quartz, (2) stepwise degassing experiments on proton irradiated quartz grains that are used to determine sample-specific He-3 diffusion kinetics, (3) best-fit multiple diffusion domain (MDD) models to the proton-induced He-3 diffusion experiments, (5) Natural radioactivity and calculated feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (ISRL) dose rates, (6) feldspar ISRL depth profiles, and (7) high-resolution microrelief surface scans and analysis.</p> <p>The code includes scripts necessary to reproduce the figures and results associated with this manuscript. The code is organized by figure into subfolders, and any data needed to reproduce a figure should be included in that folder. All original codes are distributed under the GNU General Public License. Codes written by others and utilized here are redistributed under their original license according to the terms and conditions therein, and are provided in the folder 'external.'</p> <p>Any questions about original Matlab codes published here should be directed to Benny Guralnik, benny.guralnik@gmail.com.</p>
Supplementary data: Modelling of future changes in seasonal snowpack and impacts on summer low flows in Alpine catchments
<p>The files in this record represent supplementary data for the article titled “Modelling of future changes in seasonal snowpack and impacts on summer low flows in Alpine catchments” in Water Resources Research. The files contain simulations of the HBV rainfall-runoff model for 14 alpine catchments in Switzerland. The model simulated different water balance components (such as runoff, snow water equivalent and evapotranspiration) for the reference period 1980-2009 and the three scenario periods (2020-2049, 2045-2074 and 2070-2099) using the A1B emission scenario.</p>
Dataset from "Impact of intercepted and sub-canopy snow microstructure on snowpack response to rain-on-snow events under a boreal canopy"
<p>The dataset presented below is described in the paper "Impact of rain-on-snow events on snowpack structure and runoff under a boreal canopy" by Bouchard et al. (submitted in December 2023) in the journal The Cryosphere.</p><p>The original dataset includes <strong>sub-canopy snow monitoring data</strong> collected at the Montmorency Forest site (MF; 47.29°N, 71.17°W, elev. » 850 m above mean sea level (AMSL)) from 2018 to 2023 and at the Bernard River Valley site (BRV; 50.91°N; 63.37°W, elev. » 250 m. AMSL) from 2019 to 2023. MF is a balsam fir-white birch stand on a 12° northeast-facing slope. BRV is a valley surrounded by plateaus 200 m higher. The dataset covers the period from October 15 to June 15 of each year. In the monitoring dataset you can find the hourly time step:</p><ul><li>Snow height (cm) <i>– all years at both sites</i></li><li>Soil-snow interface temperature (°C) <i>– 2020 to 2023 at both sites</i></li><li>Snow temperature every 15 cm from the ground surface (°C)<i> – 2020 to 2023 at both sites</i></li><li>Snow surface temperature (°C) –<i> 2018-19 and from 2020 to 2023 at MF site</i></li><li>Air temperature (°C)<i> – 2020 to 2023 at both sites</i></li></ul><p>The dataset also includes a total of <strong>48 sub-canopy snow pit observations</strong> taken at the MF (42 snow pits) and BRV (6 snow pits) sites during the study period. Each snow pit contains the vertical profile of snow stratigraphy (grain type) and snow density. The snow pit height corresponds to the upper limit of the top snow layer in the stratigraphic profile. For density measurements, the height value corresponds to the center of the 3 cm thick box cutter. Grain type codes for the snowpack stratigraphy correspond to the International Classification for Seasonal Snow (Fierz et al., 2009):</p><ul><li>PP: precipitation particles</li><li>DF: decomposed and fragmented precipitation particles</li><li>RG: rounded grains</li><li>FC: faceted crystals</li><li>FCxr: rounding faceted particles</li><li>DH: depth hoar</li><li>MFpc: melt forms – rounded polycrystals</li><li>MF: melt forms – clustered rounded grains</li><li>MFcr: melt forms – melt-freeze crusts</li><li>IF: ice formations</li></ul><p>Finally, the dataset includes <strong>all observed rain-on-snow (ROS) events</strong> at both sites from November to March, covering the period 2018-2023 at the MF site and the period 2019-2023 at the BRV site. In the ROS dataset, we present the start and end dates, as well as the duration, rainfall amount, and mean air temperature of each event.</p>
Snow pit dataset from "Comparison of snowpack structure in gaps and under the canopy in a humid boreal forest"
<p>This original dataset contains snow pit measurements collected at Montmorency Forest (47.29°N, 71.17°W) from 22 November, 2018 to 6 June, 2019. The study site is a balsam fir – whit birch stand on a 12° slope of north-east aspect. The dataset is described in the publication “<strong><em>Comparison of snowpack structure in gaps and under the canopy in a humid boreal forest</em></strong>” from Bouchard et al., 2022. In this dataset you can find:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>inside forest gaps: <ul> <li>26 snow height measurements (26 data points)</li> <li>26 snowpack stratigraphy (380 data points)</li> <li>26 snow temperature profiles (427 data points)</li> <li>26 snow density profiles (803 data points)</li> <li>2 snow specific surface area (SSA) profiles (97 data points)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>under the canopy: <ul> <li>26 snow height measurements (26 data points)</li> <li>26 snowpack stratigraphy (227 data points)</li> <li>26 snow temperature profiles (325 data points)</li> <li>26 snow density profiles (623 data points)</li> <li>2 snow SSA profiles (89 data points)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>For density measurements, the height value corresponds to the center of the 3-cm thick box cutter. For the SSA, the value is measured optically at the top of the sample. This value is representative of the top 1 cm of the snow sample, as this is the typical e-folding depth of 1310 nm radiation in snow. Grain type codes for the snowpack stratigraphy corresponds to the <em>International Classification for Seasonal Snow </em>(Fierz et al., 2009):</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>PP: Precipitation particle</li> <li>DF: Decomposed and Fragmented precipitation particles</li> <li>RG: Rounded Grains</li> <li>FC: Faceted Crystals</li> <li>DH: Depth Hoar</li> <li>MFpc: Melt Forms – rounded polycrystals</li> <li>MFcl: Melt Forms – clustered rounded grains</li> <li>MFcr: Melt Forms – melt-freeze crusts</li> <li>IF: Ice Formations</li> </ul>
Modelling snowpack bulk density using snow depth, cumulative degree-days and climatological predictor variables -- data set
<p>This file constitutes the data set containing the snow course survey, North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR)-derived degree-day indices, and climatological variables data used to conduct the analysis, and generate the figures and tables in the manuscript titled "Modelling snowpack bulk density using snow depth, cumulative degree-days and climatological predictor variables" by Andras J. Szeitz and R. Dan Moore. The manuscript was submitted for publication in the journal 'Hydrological Processes'.</p> <p>Due to the size of the NARR data files used to derive the air temperature time series for each snow course location, we recommend acquiring them from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's data portal directly (<a href="https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.narr.html">https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.narr.html</a>).</p> <p>Likewise, the ClimateNA software application used to extract the climatological variables for each snow course location can be obtained from the Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, UBC, directly (<a href="https://climatena.ca/">https://climatena.ca/</a>).</p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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