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98 results for “social experience”
Data from: CoAct Citizen Science chatbot explores social support networks in mental health based on lived experiences
<p>A data set on lived experiences in the context of social support in mental health, created within a Citizen Social Science project. </p> <p><br> Societies around the world increasingly encounter wicked and complex problems, such as those related to mental health, environmental justice, and youth employment. <strong>CoAct as a EU-funded global effort</strong> addresses these problems by deploying Citizen Social Science. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Citizen Social Science</strong> is understood here as participatory research co-designed and directly driven by citizen groups sharing a social concern. This methodology wants to give citizen groups an equal ‘seat at the table’ through <strong>active participation in research</strong>, from the design to the interpretation of the results and their transformation into concrete actions. Citizens thus act as <strong>co-researchers</strong> and are recognised as in-the-field competent experts. </p> <p> </p> <p>In Barcelona, a group of <strong>32 co-researchers</strong> work together with the OpenSystems group, Universitat de Barcelona, the Catalan Federation of Mental Health (Federació Salut Mental Catalunya), and with the help of many others on a better understanding of informal <strong>social support networks in mental health</strong> in the project <em>CoActuem per la Salut Mental</em> (lit. “We act together for mental health”). The co-researchers, who are either persons with a personal history of mental health problems or are family members of the latter, contributed their <strong>personal experiences related to social support</strong> in the form of <strong>222 micro-stories</strong>, each shorter than 400 characters, and most accompanied by an illustration by Pau Badia.</p> <p> </p> <p>Those micro-stories form the heart of the first co-created Citizen Science chatbot, the code of which is open on <a href="https://github.com/Chaotique/CoActuem_per_la_Salut_Mental_Chatbot.git">https://github.com/Chaotique/CoActuem_per_la_Salut_Mental_Chatbot.git</a> . The <strong>Telegram chatbot</strong> sends them to participants <strong>on a daily basis over the course of a year</strong> and asks them either, whether they and/ or their close surrounding lived this experience, too (stories of type C), or, how they would or would have reacted in the presented situation (stories of type T). The answers of each participant can be contrasted with the individual participants’ answer to a 32-questions <strong>socio-demographic survey</strong>. Further, the timing of the messages is included to allow for a broader analysis. </p> <p> </p> <p>The chatbot is still running, hence this data set will still be updated. For further information on the project <strong>CoAct</strong>, see <a href="https://coactproject.eu/">https://coactproject.eu/</a>. For further details on the co-creation process and purpose of the chatbot <strong>CoActuem per la Salut Mental</strong>, take a look on <a href="https://coactuem.ub.edu/">https://coactuem.ub.edu/</a>. Please direct your questions regarding the data set to <strong>coactuem[at]ub.edu</strong>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>The CoAct project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 873048. We especially thank the co-researchers for the passion and time invested.</p>
Supplementary material for "Playback experiments highlight the importance of nearest-neighbor distance and social information for nest site selection in the House Martin (Delichon urbicum)"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Understanding nest site selection is crucial for species conservation. Bird conservation often involves installing nesting aids to increase nest site availability and induce colonization of unoccupied sites. However, prospecting individuals must find nesting aids, which may be facilitated by social information. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of artificial nests and playback in the declining, migratory House Martin <em>Delichon urbicum</em>. We selected unoccupied sites with artificial nests along a distance gradient to occupied sites and broadcasted conspecific vocalizations during prospection times of House Martins in both the post- and the following pre-breeding periods. Visitation and colonization rates increased considerably in proximity to occupied sites. Playback during the post-breeding and pre-breeding periods enhanced visitation rates, while pre-breeding-only and post-breeding-only playback had smaller positive effects. Colonization rate increased exclusively with pre-breeding-only playback. Colonized playback and non-playback sites had similar breeding success, indicating that playback did not create ecological traps by attracting House Martins to suboptimal sites. Hence, broadcasting conspecific vocalizations informs prospecting birds of nest site availability, thereby increasing visitation, and to some degree, colonization of unoccupied House Martin sites. To boost colonization, we recommend installing artificial House Martin nests within approximately 500 meters of occupied sites and using playback of conspecific vocalizations.</p>
Replication package: Dataset and stata-do-file for analysis in "Intragroup communication in social dilemmas: An artefactual public good field experiment in small-scale communities"
<p>This dataset was used for the analysis in "Intragroup communication in social dilemmas: An artefactual public good field experiment in small-scale communities". The data was collected in Namibia in 2017 as part of the SASSCAL research project by Nils Christian Hoenow and Adrian Pourviseh as members of the Chair for Development and Cooperative Economics at the University of Marburg. Funded by the Southern African Science Service Center for Climate Change and Adaptive Land-UseManagement (SASSCAL) through the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Grant No. 01LG1201B).</p> <p> </p> <p>Article Title: Intragroup communication in social dilemmas: An artefactual public good field experiment in small-scale communities </p> <p>Authors: Nils Christian Hoenow* and Adrian Pourviseh**</p> <p> </p> <p>*RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Essen, Germany and & School of Business and Economics, University of<br>Marburg, Marburg, Germany</p> <p>**School of Business and Economics, University of<br>Marburg, Marburg, Germany</p> <p>Abstract: <br>Communication is well-known to increase cooperation rates in social dilemma situations, but the exact mechanisms behind this remain largely unclear. This study examines the impact of communication on public good provisioning in an artefactual field experiment conducted with 216 villagers from small, rural communities in northern Namibia. In line with previous experimental findings, we observe a strong increase in cooperation when face-to-face communication is allowed before decision-making. We additionally introduce a condition in which participants cannot discuss the dilemma but talk to their group members about an unrelated topic prior to learning about the<br>public good game. It turns out that this condition already leads to higher cooperation rates, albeit not as high as in the condition in which discussions about the social dilemma are possible. The setting in small communities also allows investigating the effects of pre-existing social relationships between group members and their interaction with communication.We find that both types of communication are primarily effective among socially more distant group members, which suggests that communication and social ties work as substitutes in increasing cooperation. Further analyses rule out better comprehension of the game and increased mutual expectations of one’s group members’ contributions as drivers for the communication effect. Finally, we discuss the role of personal and injunctive norms to keep commitments made during discussions.</p>
Data from: A social learning primacy trend in mate-copying; an experiment in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Social learning is learning from the observation of how others interact with the environment. However, in nature, individuals often need to process serial social information and may either favour the most recent information (recency bias), constantly updating knowledge to match the environment, or the information that appeared first in the series (primacy bias), which may slow down adjustment to environmental change. Mate-copying is a widespread form of social learning in a mate choice context related to conformity in mate choice, and where a naïve individual develops a preference for a given mate (or mate phenotype) seen being chosen by conspecifics. Mate-copying is documented in most vertebrate taxa and in the fruit fly <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. Here, we tested experimentally whether female fruit flies show a primacy or a recency bias by presenting pictures of a female copulating with one of two contrastingly coloured male phenotypes. We found that after two sequential contradictory demonstrations, females show a tendency to prefer males of the phenotype preferred in the first demonstration, suggesting that mate-copying in <em>D. melanogaster</em> is not based on the most recently observed mating and may be influenced by a form of primacy bias.</p>
BRAIN Journal-Participative Teaching with Mobile Devices and Social Networks for K-12 Children-Figure 6. Virtual Space on Panoramio+ with the experiments carried in Vădastra village
<p>The fourth stage was the use of social media to build a social learning network based on content and experience sharing and creation. The following web 2.0 services were used as a distributed platform able to support our experimental learning system: a) Panoramio (http://www.panoramio.com/user/7606828) (Figure 6) as a geo-referenced photo-sharing service over Google Maps and Google Earth for sharing project’s essential results; b) Twitter (https://twitter.com/maps_of_time) (Figure 7), as a social network and micro-blogging service for short announcements and comments; c) Google+ (https://plus.google.com/114705936110835992130?hl=en#114705936110835992130/posts?hl=en) (Figure 8), as a platform for sharing and tagging multiple content (photo, video), blogging and video chatting service with the recent Google Hangout, for sharing educational content; d) Google Drive (Levin, 2013) for cloud storage and collaborative document editing. We also created a YouTube channel for public distribution of video content (https://www.youtube.com/TimemapsNet), (Rusu et al., 2013) and a Facebook page of Vădastra School (https://www.facebook.com/scoalaVădastra)</p>
BRAIN Journal-Participative Teaching with Mobile Devices and Social Networks for K-12 Children-Figure 1. An experiment of building a prehistoric house, carried out by Professor Dragoş Gheorghiu in Vădastra
<p>The learning experiment in Vădastra village began by geo-referencing some points of interest in the archaeological area (Gheorghiu & Stefan, 2013a; 2013b), which were identified from the archaeological published materials and from information provided by the villagers, as well as resulting from fieldwork conducted for over a decade (i.e. archaeological experimentation) in this village (Gheorghiu, 2001; 2008). The geographic data (POIs) was collected on the archaeological site by the K-12 children under the coordination of a project team member from the National University of Arts Bucharest (NUA). </p>
BRAIN Journal-Participative Teaching with Mobile Devices and Social Networks for K-12 Children-Figure 2. An experiment with sunken up-draught kilns, carried out by Professor Dragoş Gheorghiu in Vădastra
<p>The second stage was represented by the physical reconstruction at real scale of a prehistoric house and of a corner of a Roman villa rustica, designed and coordinated by Professor Dragoş Gheorghiu. In these physical reconstructions video recordings and photo shoots were produced by specialist members of the project team, in order to be used later as augmentations in the AR application and for distribution by means of SNS. </p>
The Dynamics of Self-Disclosure on Social Media: Analyzing the Impact of Benefits, Concerns, and Experiences
<p><span>In the digital age, social media platforms have become integral to daily communication, providing users with unprecedented opportunities to share personal information and connect with others. This phenomenon, known as self-disclosure, involves the voluntary sharing of personal information, thoughts, and feelings with others. This study investigates the factors influencing self-disclosure behavior on social media, employing Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) as theoretical frameworks</span>.</p>
Data from: How to use discrete choice experiments to capture stakeholder preferences in social work research
<p>The primary article (cited below under "Related works") introduces social work researchers to discrete choice experiments (DCEs) for studying stakeholder preferences. The article includes an online supplement with a worked example demonstrating DCE design and analysis with realistic simulated data. The worked example focuses on caregivers' priorities in choosing treatment for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This dataset includes the scripts (and, in some cases, Excel files) that we used to identify appropriate experimental designs, simulate population and sample data, estimate sample size requirements for the multinomial logit (MNL, also known as conditional logit) and random parameter logit (RPL) models, estimate parameters using the MNL and RPL models, and analyze attribute importance, willingness to pay, and predicted uptake. It also includes the associated data files (experimental designs, data generation parameters, simulated population data and parameters, simulated choice data, MNL and RPL results, RPL sample size simulation results, and willingness-to-pay results) and images. The data could easily be analyzed using other software, and the code could easily be adapted to analyze other data. Because this dataset contains only simulated data, we are not aware of any legal or ethical considerations.</p>
Social bonding through shared experiences: The role of emotional intensity
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Data from: A social learning primacy trend in mate-copying; an experiment in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: How to use discrete choice experiments to capture stakeholder preferences in social work research
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Social network position experiences more variable selection than weaponry in wild subpopulations of forked fungus beetles
<p>1. The phenotypic expression and fitness consequences of behaviors that are exhibited during social interactions are especially sensitive to their local social context. This context-dependence is expected to generate more variation in the sign and magnitude of selection on social behavior than that experienced by static characters like morphology. Relatively few studies, however, have examined selection on behavioral traits in multiple populations. 2. We estimated sexual selection in the wild to determine if the strength and form of selection on social phenotypes is more variable than that on morphology. 3. We compared selection gradients on social network position, body size, and weaponry of male forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus) as they influenced mating success across nine natural subpopulations. 4. Male horn length consistently experienced positive sexual selection. However, the sign and magnitude of selection on individual measures of network centrality (strength and betweenness) differed significantly among subpopulations. Moreover, selection on social behaviors occurred at local scale ("soft selection"), whereas selection on horn length occurred at the metapopulation scale ("hard selection"). 5. These results indicate that an individual with a given social phenotype could experience different fitness consequences depending on the network it occupies. While individuals seem to be unable to escape the fitness effects of their morphology, they may have the potential to mediate the pressures of selection on behavioral phenotypes by moving among subpopulations or altering social connections within a network.</p>
Juvenile social experience and practice have a switch-like influence on adult mate preferences in an insect
<p>Social causes of variation in animal communication systems have important evolutionary consequences, including speciation. The relevance of these effects depends on how widespread they are among animals. There is evidence for such effects not only in birds and mammals, but also frogs and some insects and spiders. Here we analyse the social ontogeny of adult mate preferences in an insect, Enchenopa treehoppers. In these communal plant-feeding insects, individuals reared in isolation or in groups differ in their mate preferences, and the group-reared phenotype can be rescued by playbacks to isolation-reared individuals. We ask about the relative role of signalling experience and signalling practice during ontogeny on the development of adult mating preferences in Enchenopa females. Taking advantage of variation in the signal experience and signalling practice of isolation-reared individuals, we find switch-like effects for experience and practice on female mate preference phenotypes, with individuals having some experience and practice as juveniles best rescuing the group-reared preference phenotype. We discuss how understanding the nature and distribution of social-ontogenetic causes of variation in mate preferences and other sexual traits will bring new insights into how within- and between-population variation influences the evolution of communication systems.</p>
The signal detection problem of aposematic prey revisited: integrating prior social and personal experience
<p>Data collected during three separate experiments using the "novel world" (Alatalo & Mappes, Nature 1996) approach to test how social information changes predator discrimination of novel aposematic prey from a cryptic palatable alternative. Experiments were conducted with great tits (<em>Parus major</em>), captured from the wild and released afterwards, at the University of Jyväskylä Research Station, Konnevesi, Finland (62.6° N, 26.3° E) during three winters (2013-2014, 2016-2017, 2017-2018). Social information was provided by video playback of a demonstrator (adult male) showing an aversive behavioural response to a novel prey signal before observers (juveniles, adults, males, females) searched for prey signals against a background in either an aviary or in a "miniature novel world" in an experimental holding box.</p>
Social experiences shape song preference learning independent of developmental exposure to song
<p>Communication governs the formation and maintenance of social relationships. The interpretation of communication signals depends not only on the signal's content, but also on a receiver's individual experience. Experiences throughout life may interact to affect behavioral plasticity, such that a lack of developmental sensory exposure could constrain adult learning, while salient adult social experiences could remedy developmental deficits. We investigated how experiences impact the formation and direction of female auditory preferences in the zebra finch. Zebra finches form long-lasting pair bonds and females learn preferences for their mate's vocalizations. We found that after two weeks of cohabitation with a male, females formed pair bonds and learned to prefer their partner's song regardless of whether they were reared with ("normally-reared") or without ("song-naïve") developmental exposure to song. In contrast, females that heard but did not physically interact with a male did not prefer his song. In addition, previous work has found that song-naive females do not show species-typical preferences for courtship song. We found that cohabitation with a male ameliorated this difference in preference. Thus, courtship and pair bonding, but not acoustic-only interactions, strongly influence preference learning regardless of rearing experience, and may dynamically drive auditory plasticity for recognition and preference.</p>
Contours of the caregiver experience: Social resources and health behaviors in caregiving partners of persons with a spinal cord injury
<p class="MsoCommentText"><b>Background and rationale:</b><b> </b>Informal caregiving is highly prevalent in Switzerland and in the long-term associated with chronic stress as evidenced by its negative effects on caregivers health and well-being. To date, most of research on informal caregiving has been focused on the elderly. Yet, the evidence from these studies may not be applicable and misinform policy in context of physical disabilities, which may further concerns younger-aged caregivers. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an exemplary condition for the enforced need of long-term informal care that oftentimes occurs in middle-age. To better understand the mechanisms behind the health-adverse effects of caregiving, a improved understanding of the interplay between social and behavioral factors and the caregiver experience is needed. This project was a follow-up of the longitudinal pro-WELL study (pro-WELL 1), which investigated associations of productive activities and social relationships with health and well-being in persons with SCI and their caregiving partners (SNSF Project 100017_153256/1). Using the follow-up funding by SNF (pro-WELL 2) we further explored the pro-WELL data to foster a comprehensive understanding of the caregiver experience, also to promote the discussion and transfer of the gained knowledge to stakeholders.</p> <p><b>Objectives:</b> The overall objective of this pro-WELL follow-up study ("pro-WELL 2") was to explore the relationship of social and behavioral factors with the caregiver experience to better understand the causal pathway linking the caregiver experience with health and well-being of the caregiving partners of persons with SCI. The specific aims were to investigate 1) whether socioeconomic conditions shape the caregiver experience, 2) whether social relationships moderate the association between the caregiver experience and health, and 3) whether the caregiver experience has an effect on health behaviors in the caregiving partners of persons with SCI. Using the evidence gained by pro-WELL 1 and 2, we aimed to conduct stakeholder dialogues in order to develop strategies to support burdened caregivers within the network of the Swiss Paraplegic Group.</p> <p><span><b>Methods: </b>Pro-WELL is an observational longitudinal survey with three measurement waves. Data collection was completed in January 2017 and n=133, n=123, and n=119 couples participated at baseline, month 6 and month 12, respectively. The analyses were based on longitudinal dyadic data from the caregiving partners of persons with SCI that completed at least two waves (n=123). We applied multivariable regression modelling and path analysis to explore the research questions.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results: </b>We demonstrated that caregivers with lower socioeconomic status reported a higher burden of care (Tough, Brinkhof, Siegrist, Fekete 2020, Int J Equity Health), provided evidence that social support moderates the association between the caregiver burden and health (Tough, Brinkhof, Fekete. submitted), and showed that the caregiver burden negatively affects specific health behaviors (Tough, Brinkhof, Fekete 2020, Health Psychology Behav Med)</span><span>. </span></p> <p><span><b>Discussion:</b> This study was among the first to investigate the social and behavioral factors related to the caregiver experience, and to evaluate possible pathways through which the caregiver experience may impact upon health and well-being in middle-aged caregivers of persons with a physical disability. This study identified targets for interventions aimed at improving the caregiver experience with the ultimate goal to contribute to caregivers' health and well-being. The results of the pro-WELL 2 study were used to inform stakeholder dialogues on the current needs and potential actions to improve the situation of informal caregivers in Switzerland. </span></p>
The cost of noise: Stochastic punishment falls short of sustaining cooperation in social dilemma experiments
<p>Identifying mechanisms able to sustain costly cooperation among self-interested agents is a central problem across social and biological sciences. One possible solution is peer punishment: when agents have an opportunity to sanction defectors, classical behavioral experiments suggest that cooperation can take root. Overlooked from standard experimental designs, however, is the fact that real-world human punishment---the administration of justice---is intrinsically noisy. Here we show that stochastic punishment falls short of sustaining cooperation in the repeated public good game. As punishment noise increases, we find that contributions decrease and punishment efforts intensify, resulting in a 45% drop in gains compared to a noiseless control. Moreover, we observe that uncertainty causes a rise in antisocial punishment, a mutually harmful behavior previously associated with societies with a weak rule of law. Our approach brings to light challenges to cooperation that cannot be explained by economic rationality and strengthens the case for further investigations of the effect of noise---and not just bias---on human behavior.</p>
Forbid/allow asymmetry in persuasion Social Psychology Experiments 1-3 data
<p>Data sheet file for the paper: <em>Forbid/allow asymmetry in persuasion: The forbid frame decreases biased elaboration and increases attitude change </em>(Social Psychology, 2022)</p> <p>Previous research showed that responses to questions about forbidding something differed from those to the seemingly equivalent questions about allowing the same object (forbid/allow asymmetry). We postulate that the effect of the forbid vs. allow framing may be also consequential for the processing of attitude related information and attitude change. The forbid frame (compared with the allow frame) may increase the impact of negative (vs. positive) arguments and/or reduce the impact of initial attitudes on the elaboration the presented information. To test these predictions we conducted three experiments (one preregistered, total N = 655). Participants were reading both pro and con arguments, differing in consistency with their initial attitudes, and concerning three different attitude objects: genetically modified organisms (GMOs), euthanasia, and barbecuing in public places. The results show that the forbid (vs. allow) frame decreases the tendency for generating thoughts prevailingly consistent with participants’ initial attitudes (Experiment 2). It also reduces bias in the evaluation and interpretation of the presented arguments and yields more similar assessments of arguments that are consistent and inconsistent with initial attitudes (Experiment 3). As a result, the attitudes are more susceptible to change within the forbid frame (they move more in the direction opposite to the initial attitude) than within the allow frame (Experiments 1-3). The results for the first time show the existence of forbid vs. allow asymmetry in persuasion. This effect has practical consequences, e.g. when designing referenda.</p>
Associations of adverse maternal experiences and diabetes on postnatal maternal depression and child social-emotional outcomes in a South African community cohort
<p>Previous literature has identified associations between diabetes during pregnancy and postnatal maternal depression. Both maternal conditions are associated with adverse consequences on childhood development. Despite an especially high prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy and maternal postnatal depression in low- and middle-income countries, related research predominates in high-income countries. In a South African cohort with or without diabetes, we investigated associations between adverse maternal experiences with postnatal maternal depression and child social-emotional outcomes. South African mother-child dyads were recruited from the Bishop Lavis community in Cape Town. Participants consisted of 82 mother-child dyads (53 women had GDM or type 2 diabetes). At 14–20 months postpartum, maternal self-report questionnaires were administered to assess household socioeconomic status, food insecurity, maternal depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)), maternal trauma (Life Events Checklist), and child social-emotional development (Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment, Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional, Second Edition). Lower educational attainment, lower household income, food insecurity, living without a partner, and having experienced physical assault were each associated with postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and clinical maternal depression (EPDS ≥ 13). Maternal postnatal depression, lower maternal educational attainment, lower household income, household food insecurity, and living in a single-parent household were each associated with child social-emotional problems. Stratified analyses revealed maternal experiences (education, income, food insecurity, trauma) were associated with postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and child social-emotional problems only among dyads with <em>in utero</em> exposure to diabetes. Women with pre-existing diabetes or gestational diabetes in LMIC settings should be screened for health-related social needs to reduce the prevalence of depression and to promote child social-emotional development.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.