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56 results for “social plasticity”
Undirected Node Attributed Social Network Graph of Twitter Users interested in plastic pollution - created in the framework of the PlasticTwist project
<p>This dataset has been created in the framework of the Plastic Twist project (<a href="https://ptwist.eu/">Ptwist</a>) and more specifically using the Ptwist crowdsourcing application (<a href="https://crowdsourcing.plastictwist.com/">crowdsourcing.plastictwist.com/</a>). We are sharing the edge list and specific node attributes (hashtags) of Twitter users posting about plastic pollution. The dataset can be used for community detection,clustering, node importance, influence maximization tasks, etc. Each user is represented by a unique integer which has nothing to do with the official Twitter user ID. The dataset contains three (3) files: </p> <ul> <li>ptwist.edgelist: A list containing all the 1,362,863 edges between the users. When loaded they create an undirected graph of 800K+ users.</li> <li>node_attributes.txt: This file contains information about the hashtags used by each user. (e.g. "652003": ["SingleUsePlastic"] -> user 6529003 has used the hashtag SingleUsePlastic) </li> <li>annotated_graph: A pickle file which, when loaded, returns a <a href="https://networkx.github.io/">NetworkX</a> node attributed undirected graph.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Social Accounting Matrix for Lithuania, 2017 (with disaggregated Rubber and Plastics activity)
<p>The dataset is based on doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5077893 but includes Rubber and plastics activity disaggregated to depict production of plastic bags with more details.</p>
Social plasticity enhances signal-preference co-divergence
<p>Data associated to the manuscript titled:</p> <p>Social plasticity enhances signal-preference co-divergence</p> <p>by</p> <p>Camille Desjonquères, Bretta Speck, Sara Seidita, Lauren A. Cirino, Ignacio Escalante, Clinton Sergi, Jak Maliszewski, Gerlinde Hoebel, Nathan W. Bailey, Rafael L. Rodríguez</p>
Wild Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebae show plastic responses to the presence of nonrelatives during multicellular development
<p>When multiple strains of microbes form social groups, such as the multicellular fruiting bodies of <em>Dictyostelium discoideum</em>, conflict can arise regarding cell fate. Both fixed and plastic differences among strains can contribute to cell fate, and plastic responses may be particularly important if social environments frequently change. We used RNA-sequencing and photographic time series analysis to detect possible conflict-induced plastic differences between wild <em>D. discoideum </em>aggregates formed by single strains compared to mixed pairs of strains (chimeras). We found one hundred and two differentially expressed genes that were enriched for biological processes including cytoskeleton organization and cyclic-AMP response (up-regulated in chimeras), and DNA replication and cell cycle (down-regulated in chimeras). In addition, our data indicate that in reference to a time series of multicellular development in the lab strain AX4, chimeras may be slightly behind clonal aggregates in their development. Finally, phenotypic analysis supported slower splitting of aggregates and a nonsignificant trend for larger group sizes in chimeras. The transcriptomic comparison and phenotypic analyses support discoordination among aggregate group members due to social conflict. These results are consistent with previously observed factors that affect cell fate decision in <em>D. discoideum </em>and provide evidence for plasticity in cAMP signaling and phenotypic coordination during development in response to social conflict in <em>D. discoideum </em>and similar microbial social groups.</p>
Data from: Correlational selection on personality and social plasticity: morphology and social context determine behavioural effects on mating success
Despite a central line of research aimed at quantifying relationships between mating success and sexually dimorphic traits (e.g., ornaments), individual variation in sexually selected traits often explains only a modest portion of the variation in mating success. Another line of research suggests that a significant portion of the variation in mating success observed in animal populations could be explained by correlational selection, where the fitness advantage of a given trait depends on other components of an individual's phenotype and/or its environment. We tested the hypothesis that interactions between multiple traits within an individual (phenotype dependence) or between an individual's phenotype and its social environment (context dependence) can select for individual differences in behaviour (i.e., personality) and social plasticity. To quantify the importance of phenotype- and context-dependent selection on mating success, we repeatedly measured the behaviour, social environment and mating success of about 300 male stream water striders, Aquarius remigis. Rather than explaining individual differences in long-term mating success, we instead quantified how the combination of a male's phenotype interacted with the immediate social context to explain variation in hour-by-hour mating decisions. We suggest that this analysis captures more of the mechanisms leading to differences in mating success. Males differed consistently in activity, aggressiveness and social plasticity. The mating advantage of these behavioural traits depended on male morphology and varied with the number of rival males in the pool, suggesting mechanisms selecting for consistent differences in behaviour and social plasticity. Accounting for phenotype and context dependence improved the amount of variation in male mating success we explained statistically by 30–274%. Our analysis of the determinants of male mating success provides important insights into the evolutionary forces that shape phenotypic variation. In particular, our results suggest that sexual selection is likely to favour individual differences in behaviour, social plasticity (i.e., individuals adjusting their behaviour), niche preference (i.e., individuals dispersing to particular social conditions) or social niche construction (i.e., individuals modifying the social environment). The true effect of sexual traits can only be understood in interaction with the individual's phenotype and environment.
Data for: Individual differences in song plasticity in response to social stimuli and singing position
<p>Individual animals can react to the changes in their environment by exhibiting behaviours in an individual-specific way leading to individual differences in phenotypic plasticity. However, the effect of multiple environmental factors on multiple traits is rarely tested. Such a complex approach is necessary to assess the generality of plasticity and to understand how among-individual differences in the ability to adapt to changing environments evolve. This study examined whether individuals adjust different song traits to varying environmental conditions in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis), a passerine with complex song. We also aimed to reveal among-individual differences in behavioural responses by testing whether individual differences in plasticity were repeatable. The presence of general plasticity across traits and/or contexts was also tested. To assess plasticity, we documented 1) short-scale temporal changes in song traits in different social contexts (after exposition to male stimulus, female stimulus or without stimuli), and 2) changes concerning the height from where the bird sang (singing position), used as a proxy of predation risk and acoustic transmission conditions. We found population-level relationships between singing position and both song length and complexity, as well as social context-dependent temporal changes in song length and maximum frequency. We found among-individual differences in plasticity of song length and maximum frequency along both the temporal and positional gradients. These among-individual differences in plasticity were repeatable. Some of the plastic responses correlated across different song traits and environmental gradients. Overall, our results show that the plasticity of bird song 1) depends on the social context, 2) exists along different environmental gradients and 3) there is evidence for trade-offs between the responses of different traits to different environmental variables. Our results highlight the need to consider individual differences and to investigate multiple traits along multiple environmental axes when studying behavioural plasticity. </p>
Synergistic olfactory processing for social plasticity in desert locusts
<p>Desert locust plagues threaten the food security of millions. Central to their formation is crowding-induced plasticity, with social phenotypes changing from cryptic (solitarious) to swarming (gregarious). Here, we elucidate the implications of this transition on foraging decisions and corresponding neural circuits. We use behavioral experiments and Bayesian modeling to decompose the multi-modal facets of foraging, revealing olfactory social cues as critical. To this end, we investigate how corresponding odors are encoded in the locust olfactory system using in-vivo calcium imaging. We discover crowding-dependent synergistic interactions between food-related and social odors distributed across stable combinatorial response maps. The observed synergy was specific to the gregarious phase and manifested in distinct odor response motifs. Our results suggest a crowding-induced modulation of the locust olfactory system that enhances food detection in swarms. Overall, we demonstrate how linking sensory adaptations to behaviorally relevant tasks can improve our understanding of social modulation in non-model organisms.</p>
Within-generation and transgenerational social plasticity interact during rapid adaptive evolution
<p>The effects of within-generation plasticity versus transgenerational plasticity on trait expression are poorly understood, but important for evaluating plasticity's evolutionary consequences. We tested how genetics, within-generation plasticity, and transgenerational plasticity jointly shape traits influencing rapid evolution in the field cricket <em>Teleogryllus oceanicus</em>. In Hawaiian populations attacked by acoustically-orienting parasitoid flies, a protective, X-linked variant ("<em>flatwing</em>") eliminates male acoustic sexual signals. Silent males rapidly spread to fixation, dramatically changing the acoustic environment. First, we found evidence supporting <em>flatwing</em>-associated pleiotropy in juveniles: pure-breeding <em>flatwing</em> males and females exhibit greater locomotion than those with <em>normal-wing</em> genotypes. Second, within-generation plasticity caused homozygous-<em>flatwing</em> females developing in silence, which mimics all-<em>flatwing</em> populations, to attain lower adult body condition and reproductive investment than those experimentally exposed to song. Third, maternal song exposure caused transgenerational plasticity in offspring, affecting adult, but not juvenile, size, condition, and reproductive investment. This contrasted with behavioral traits, which were only influenced by within-generation plasticity. Fourth, we matched and mismatched maternal and offspring social environments and found that transgenerational plasticity sometimes interacted with within-generation plasticity and sometimes opposed it. Our findings stress the importance of evaluating the plasticity of different traits and stages across generations when evaluating their fitness consequences and role in adaptation.</p>
Data for: Plastic maternal effects of social density on reproduction and fitness in the least killifish, Heterandria formosa
<p>Environmental parental effects, also known as transgenerational plasticity, are widespread in plants and animals. Less well known is whether those effects contribute to maternal fitness in the same manner in different populations. We carried out a multi-generational laboratory experiment with females drawn from two populations of the Least Killifish, <em>Heterandria</em> <em>formosa</em>, to assess transgenerational plasticity in reproductive traits in response to differences in social density and its effects on maternal fitness. In the first and second generations, increased density decreased reproductive rate and increased offspring size in females from both populations. There were complicated patterns of transgenerational plasticity on maternal fitness that differed between females from different populations. Females from a population with historically low densities whose mothers experienced lower density had higher fitness than females whose mothers experienced higher density, regardless of their own density. The opposite pattern emerged in females from the population with historically high densities: females whose mothers experienced higher density had higher fitness than females whose mothers experienced lower density. This transgenerational plasticity is not anticipatory but might be considered adaptive in both populations if providing those "silver spoons" enhances offspring fitness in all environments.</p>
Within-generation and transgenerational social plasticity interact during rapid adaptive evolution
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Data from: Correlational selection on personality and social plasticity: morphology and social context determine behavioural effects on mating success
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Data for: Individual differences in song plasticity in response to social stimuli and singing position
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Data for: Plastic maternal effects of social density on reproduction and fitness in the least killifish, Heterandria formosa
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Data from: Socially plastic responses in females are robust to evolutionary manipulations of adult sex ratio and adult nutrition
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Wild Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebae show plastic responses to the presence of nonrelatives during multicellular development
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Data and code from: Social plasticity and individuality shape variation in contest behaviour
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Data from: Staying ahead of the game –plasticity in chorusing behavior allows males to remain attractive in different social environments
The dynamic nature of many breeding aggregations, where the composition and attractiveness of a male's competitors is ever changing, places extreme pressure on advertising males to remain competitive. In response to this challenge, males may adjust the properties of their calls, or change when they signal relative to their nearest neighbors, which are likely their strongest competitors. We used two playback experiments - one simulating a conspecific environment and the other simulating a mixed-species environment - to test the hypothesis that males use social plasticity in signal features, signal timing, or both, to remain attractive. Further, we examined whether this plasticity is mediated by selective attention, through which males change calling behavior in response to the most relevant competitors, while disregarding less relevant rivals. We find that males change some temporal call features, but rely strongly on signal timing to remain attractive relative to rivals. Simultaneous assessment of both types of calling plasticity allowed us to makes sense of counterintuitive responses of male calling behavior that would otherwise appear non-adaptive. We further show that this plasticity is most pronounced in response to attractive/conspecific males. We discuss how sexual selection by female choice may influence the trade-off between call feature and call timing plasticity, as well as how competitive interactions on a local scale may affect the overall acoustic environment in the chorus.
Data from: Plasticity in social communication and its implications for the colonization of novel habitats
Behavioral plasticity is expected to facilitate the colonization of novel habitats by allowing populations to respond rapidly to abrupt environmental change. We studied contextual plasticity—a form of plasticity that allows an immediate phenotypic response to stimuli—in the territorial communication of Puerto Rican Anolis lizards and considered the role it might play in facilitating colonization. In these lizards, the detection of territorial visual displays by receivers is acutely dependent on fluctuating levels of visual noise from windblown vegetation and ambient light. We quantified the contextual reaction norms of various components of the territorial displays of individual lizards as a function of visual noise and light for one focal population over many weeks of observation. We then compared these contextual reaction norms to the displays given by closely related Anolis species found in other environments to assess the extent to which colonizing lizards might be capable of performing displays similar to those likely to be effective in those environments. Our results suggest that lizards are able to rapidly adjust their territorial displays in ways that might help them communicate in other (but not all) habitat types on Puerto Rico. Given that the contextual plasticity of animal signals can be measured in free-living animals far more easily than other forms of behavioral plasticity, our study presents animal communication as a tractable model for tackling broad questions in how phenotypic plasticity might facilitate colonization, adjustment to environmental change, and adaptation.
Data from: Male social plasticity influences transient dynamics of alternative mating systems in water striders
Animal mating systems are often studied with the goal of understanding why species, populations, or groups vary from one another in the system they display. Although these differences are often treated as basically stable, it is also known that these systems may shift over time (e.g. from one breeding season to the next). There has been some study of how ecological factors correlate with these changes; however, few, if any, studies have investigated how the phenotypic composition of a group governs the timing and probability of system transitions. Groups of stream water striders (Aquarius remegis) can demonstrate quick and flexible transitions in mating system dynamics, with many groups eventually transitioning to a system in which a single, large male monopolizes mating opportunities. We asked if variation in individual- and group-level traits associated with morphology and behavior (e.g. size of the largest individual, variance in activity behavioral types, and average social plasticity) could partially explain the variability in how rapidly groups make this transition, if they make it all. Our results show that the average social plasticity of males in a group has important effects on the emergence timing of mating systems dominated by a single male.
Data from: Parasite-induced plasticity in host social behaviour depends on sex and susceptibility
Understanding the effects of parasites on host behaviour, of host behaviour on parasite infection, and the reciprocal interactions between these processes is vital to improving our understanding of animal behaviour and disease dynamics. However, behaviour and parasite infection are both highly variable within and between individual hosts, and how this variation affects behaviour-parasite feedbacks is poorly understood. For example, it is unclear how an individual's behaviour before infection might change once it becomes infected, or as the infection progresses, and how these changes depend on the host's parasite susceptibility. Here, using the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and a directly-transmitted ectoparasite, Gyrodactylus turnbulli, I show that parasite-induced behavioural plasticity depends on host sex and susceptibility. Among females, time spent shoaling ('sociality'), a behaviour that increases parasite transmission, did not depend on infection status (infected/not) or susceptibility. By contrast, male sociality in the absence of infection was negatively correlated with susceptibility, suggesting the most susceptible males use behaviour to avoid infection. However, in late infection when parasite transmission is most likely, male sociality and susceptibility became positively correlated, suggesting susceptible males modify their behaviour upon infection potentially to increase transmission and mating opportunities. I discuss the implications of these patterns for disease dynamics.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.