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Fig. 3 in Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species, and Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906, two mushroom soft corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from Zhenbei Seamount in the South China Sea

Fig. 3. Sclerites of Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species. A, sclerites from autozooid tentacle tip; B, sclerites from tentacle base; C, sclerites from pharynx. Scale bars = 0.10 mm (A, B), and 0.05 mm (C).

Fig. 2 in Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species, and Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906, two mushroom soft corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from Zhenbei Seamount in the South China Sea

Fig. 2. Morphology of the holotype of Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species. A, the animal in situ; B, an autozooid; C, the colony in top view; D, the colony in lateral view; E, the longitudinal section of the colony, showing large cavities of autozooids (au) and small cavities of siphonozooids (arrows). Scale bars = 1 mm (B), 10 mm (C‒E).

Fig. 7 in Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species, and Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906, two mushroom soft corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from Zhenbei Seamount in the South China Sea

Fig. 7. Sclerites of Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906. A, sclerites from tentacle pinnules of autozooids; B, sclerites from tentacle rachis of autozooids; C, sclerites from anthocodial wall. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

Fig. 8 in Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species, and Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906, two mushroom soft corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from Zhenbei Seamount in the South China Sea

Fig. 8. Sclerites of Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906. A, sclerites from pharynx; B, sclerites from outermost anthostelar coenenchyme; C, sclerites from deeper layer of coenenchyme; D, sclerites from holdfast. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

Fig. 5 in Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species, and Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906, two mushroom soft corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from Zhenbei Seamount in the South China Sea

Fig. 5. Sclerites of Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species. A, sclerites from surface of stalk; B, sclerites from interior of stalk. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species, and Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906, two mushroom soft corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from Zhenbei Seamount in the South China Sea

Fig. 4. Sclerites of Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species. A, sclerites from surface of capitulum; B, sclerites from interior of capitulum. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

Fig. 6 in Anthomastus nanhaiensis, new species, and Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906, two mushroom soft corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from Zhenbei Seamount in the South China Sea

Fig. 6. Morphology of Bathyalcyon robustum Versluys, 1906. A, MBM286427 in situ; B, clonies in aggregation with MBM286428 in the most right; C, MBM286427 in preservation; D, MBM286428 in preservation; E, siphonozooids; F, transverse section through middle anthostele of MBM286427, showing pharynx and mesenteries. Scale bars = 10 mm (C, D), 0.5 mm (E), and 5 mm (F).

Fig. 8 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 8. Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42495); sclerites from the autozooid pharynx, anthocodiae, and the colony body. A. Waisted plates. B. Rods. C. Anthocodiae capstans. D. Capitulum surface capstans. E. Stalk surface capstans. F. Needles. G. Ends of the same needle. Scale bars: A–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 7 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 7. Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42495); sclerites from the autozooid tentacles. A. Waisted plates. B. Plates. C. Plates with diagonal keel. D. Asymmetrical plates. E. Club-like spindle. F. Clubs. G. Warty spindles. H. Capstans. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 6. Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42495), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. A. Whole specimen. B. Surface of the capitulum. C. Section of the capitulum; 1 = mesozooid. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; C = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 5. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., paratype (MIMB 42494); sclerites from the autozooid pharynx, anthocodiae, and the colony body. A. Waisted plates. B. Waisted rods. C. Anthocodiae capstans. D. Capitulum surface capstans. E. Stalk surface capstans. F. Needles. G. Ends of the same needle. Scale bars: A–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 4 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 4. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., paratype (MIMB 42494); sclerites from the autozooid tentacles. A. Waisted plates. B. Plates. C. Flanged spindles. D. Warty spindles. E. Club-like spindle. F. Clubs. G. Capstans. H. Slender capstans. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 3. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42493); sclerites from the autozooid pharynx, anthocodiae, and colony body. A. Waisted plates. B. Waisted rods. C. Anthocodiae capstans. D. Capitulum surface capstans. E. Stalk surface capstans. F. Needles. G. Ends of the same needle. Scale bars: A–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 2 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 2. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42493); sclerites from the autozooid tentacles. A. Waisted plates. B. Plates. C. Flanged spindles. D. Warty spindles. E. Club-like spindle. F. Clubs. G. Capstans. H. Slender capstans. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 1. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov. A. Holotype (MIMB 42493), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. View from above. B. Holotype (MIMB 42493), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. View from below. C. One specimen, Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (MIMB 42496). D. One specimen, Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (MIMB 42496). E. Paratype (MIMB 42494), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. F. Holotype (MIMB 42493); section of the capitulum; 1 = autozooid, 2 = mesozooid. G. Holotype (MIMB 42493); surface of the capitulum; 1 = mesozooids. Scale bars: A–E = 10 mm; F–G = not to scale.

Fig. 37 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833

Fig. 37. Maximum likelihood phylogeny (identical in topology to Bayesian inference phylogeny) of Kotatea gen. nov., Ushanaia gen. nov., and associated taxa based on combined, partitioned analysis of mtMutS and 28S. New species are identified by individual colours. The type species for Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758 – A. digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 – appears in bold. ML bootstrap support values are given above each branch and BI posterior probabilities below.

Fig. 36 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833

Fig. 36. Ushanaia solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133), SEMs of sclerites. A. Polyp mound. B. Lobe surface, proximal region (close proximity to substrate). C. Lobe surface, distal region. D. Interior.

Fig. 35 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833

Fig. 35. Ushanaia solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Tentacles. C. Polyp neck. D. Distal points.

Fig. 34 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833

Fig. 34. SEMs of sclerites from polyps (in situ). A. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). B. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133).

Fig. 32 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833

Fig. 32. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck.