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13 results for “soil acidification”
Soil nitrogen availability vs. acidification: effects on soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration, and soil physicochemical properties in mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA (2019-2022)
In 2011, an experimental nitrogen x pH manipulation study was initiated in mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA to disentangle the often-confounded roles of nitrogen (N) and soil pH in driving various ecosystem processes. This data package contains soil physicochemical properties (soil pH, resin available nitrogen), soil temperature, in situ soil respiration, and heterotrophic respiration measured from laboratory incubations of soils collected from experimental plots. Soil pH was measured both pre-treatment (2009-2010) and after 8 and 11 years of experimental treatment. All other properties were measured between 9 and 12 years after treatment initiation.
Resprouting ability differs among plant functional groups along a soil acidification gradient in a meadow: A rhizosphere perspective
<p><span>Soil acidification as a global change factor can devastatingly affect plant growth and productivity. In frequently disturbed ecosystems, plant resprouting ability strongly determines biomass reconstruction and resilience after aboveground damage. However, how plant regrowth responds to soil acidification remains largely unknown, especially regarding the role of the rhizosphere in mediating this response. </span></p> <p><span>We manipulated a soil-acidification gradient via adding purified elemental sulfur powder at various rates (0-50 g S m<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) in a frequently mown meadow. Shoot regrowth of functional groups were measured after clipping and supporting roles of rhizosphere versus bulk soils were disentangled using isotope labelling along the acidification gradient. </span></p> <p><span>Regrowth of grasses and sedges increased while forbs decreased along the acidification gradient. The results suggest that grasses were competitors capable of taking up nutrients from both rhizosphere and bulk soils, while sedges were acid-tolerators with lower sensitivity to decreased nitrogen-mineralization rates. Forbs, as typical ruderals, were vulnerable to N competition with microbes, particularly in the rhizosphere soil. Therefore, biomass regrowth of forbs was explained more by physicochemical and biological parameters from the rhizosphere than bulk soil</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis.</span><span> Divergent interplay between plant functional groups and rhizosphere soils was the prominent driver for biomass regrowth responding to soil acidification.</span></p>
Data from: Transformation from NHx to NOy deposition aggravated China's forest soil acidification
<p><span>Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition and changes in reduced or oxidized component contribution greatly affect soil acidification. China has experienced a significant transformation of N deposition components from NH<sub>x</sub> to NO<sub>y</sub> over the past 40 years, but the effects of component transformation on soil acidification are poorly understood. Therefore, long-term monitoring data and literature on N deposition, combined with the results of isotope experiments, were used to explore the contributions of different N forms on soil acidification in China's forests. Here, all processes related to NH<sub>x</sub> and NO<sub>y</sub>, including the transformation to NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, and subsequent N cycling in the soil, were considered. We found that N-induced soil acidification in 80% area of China's forests was dominated by NH<sub>x</sub> deposition, and the other areas (South China) were dominated by NO<sub>y</sub> deposition in 2010s. From 1980 to 2019, the average contribution of NHx was higher than that of NO<sub>y</sub> but the latter contribution continued to increase. Meanwhile, the results showed that soil acidification increased with the decrease of the ratio of NH<sub>x</sub> to NO<sub>y</sub> (R<sub>NHx/NOy</sub>), this is mainly because NO<sub>y</sub> is more easily leached in the form of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> than that of NH<sub>x</sub> under the influence of different plant preferences and soil retention rates, resulting in a higher net proton production of NO<sub>y</sub>. Our research has powerful implications for policymaking, provides a theoretical basis for formulating different N reduction policies in different regions, and points out that the synergistic effect of R<sub>NHx/NOy</sub> changes should be considered to alleviate soil acidification.</span></p>
Resprouting ability differs among plant functional groups along a soil acidification gradient in a meadow: A rhizosphere perspective
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Data from: Transformation from NHx to NOy deposition aggravated China’s forest soil acidification
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Data for "Unexpected suppressive fungal diversity and stimulative soil carbon loss under soil acidification in an alkaline grassland"
<p>This dataset was used to make tables and figures for the study entitled "Unexpected suppressive fungal diversity and stimulative soil carbon loss under soil acidification in an alkaline grassland", which was submitted to Functional Ecology in May 2024. It contains data of soil properties, plant and microbial communities under soil acidification in an alkaline grassland on the Loess Plateau. </p>
Soil acidification reduces soil fungal diversity, alters microbial carbon metabolism and enhances soil C persistence in an alkaline grassland
<p>This dataset was used to make tables and figures for the study entitled "Soil acidification reduces soil fungal diversity, alters microbial carbon metabolism and enhances soil C persistence in an alkaline grassland", which will be recently submitted to Global Change Biology in October 2023. It contains data of soil properties, plant and microbial communities under soil acidification in an alkaline grassland on the Loess Plateau. </p>
Forest soil acidification consistently reduces litter decomposition irrespective of nutrient availability and litter type
<p><span><span>Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and acid deposition are co-occurring in many ecosystems, likely with complex interactive effects on litter decomposition. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>Few studies have been conducted to distinguish the interactive effects of these three factors on forest litter decomposition. Thus, we performed a 5-year litter decomposition experiment with N, P, acid addition in a temperate forest of Changbai Mountain in China, including four litter types from <i>Pinus koraiensis</i>, <i>Quercus mongolica</i>, <i>Tilia amurensis</i> and their mixtures. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>Our results showed that acid addition consistently reduced litter decomposition rate, irrespective of nutrient addition or litter types. In contrast, N and P addition had less impact on litter decomposition. Litter decomposition rate linearly reduced with decreasing soil pH, but positively increased with soil N availability. No relationship was found between soil P availability and litter decomposition. Soil enzyme activity played a key role in regulating litter decomposition response, such as acid phosphatase, xylosidase, N-cacetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase and α-1,4 glucosidase. Besides, low-quality litter (i.e. high C concentration, C:N and C:P ratio) amplified the negative effect of soil acidification on litter decomposition. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>This study suggests that soil acidification consistently decelerates litter decomposition in temperate forests, which is independent of soil nutrient availability and litter types. The intensifying soil acidification with continuous N deposition in the future will greatly reduce litter nutrient return to soil, increasing the risk of multiple soil nutrient limitation.</span></span></p>
Data from: Soil acidification exerts a greater control on soil respiration than soil nitrogen availability in grasslands subjected to long-term nitrogen enrichment
Terrestrial ecosystems worldwide are receiving increasing amounts of biologically reactive nitrogen (N) as a consequence of anthropogenic activities. This intended or unintended fertilization can have a wide-range of impacts on biotic communities and hence on soil respiration. Reduction in below-ground carbon (C) allocation induced by high N availability has been assumed to be a major mechanism determining the effects of N enrichment on soil respiration. In addition to increasing available N, however, N enrichment causes soil acidification, which may also affect root and microbial activities. The relative importance of increased N availability vs. soil acidification on soil respiration in natural ecosystems experiencing N enrichment is unclear. We conducted a 12-year N enrichment experiment and a 4-year complementary acid addition experiment in a semi-arid Inner Mongolian grassland. We found that N enrichment had contrasting effects on root and microbial respiration. N enrichment significantly increased root biomass, root N content and specific root respiration, thereby promoting root respiration. In contrast, N enrichment significantly suppressed microbial respiration likely by reducing total microbial biomass and changing the microbial community composition. The effect on root activities was due to both soil acidity and increased available N, while the effect on microbes primarily stemmed from soil acidity, which was further confirmed by results from the acid addition experiment. Our results indicate that soil acidification exerts a greater control than soil N availability on soil respiration in grasslands experiencing long-term N enrichment. These findings suggest that N-induced soil acidification should be included in predicting terrestrial ecosystem C balance under future N deposition scenarios.
The highest acidification risk is not at the acidest region: Results from soil's and leave's responses across a 3,300 km gradient of wet deposition
<p><span>Sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition-induced-ecosystem's acidification has been broadly explored in hotspot regions. In contrast, ecosystems' sensitivity or risk were untested both at the organ level and across the natural deposited gradient. In this study, we examined the foliar pH of dominant woody plants and soil pH from 27 sites across a 3,300 km precipitation and deposition gradient in China. Significant relationships were observed in the humid and sub-humid regions between the response ratio of foliar pH (</span><span>ln<em>RR<sub>L</sub></em></span><span>) or soil pH (ln<em>RR<sub>S</sub></em>) and acidic deposition. Acidic deposition's negative effects on lnRRL disappeared in the semi-arid and arid regions but still occurred on </span><span>ln<em>RR<sub>S</sub></em></span><span> in the semi-arid region. Scaling exponents relating </span><span>ln<em>RR<sub>L</sub></em></span><span> to S&N deposition and </span><span>ln<em>RR<sub>S</sub></em></span><span> to S&N deposition were much higher in the humid region (-0.738 ~ -0.356) than in the sub-humid region (-2.774 ~ -1.935). The response ratio (</span><span>ln<em>RR</em></span><span>) exhibited a sigmoid-shaped curve along the acidic deposition gradient, but the </span><span><em>R<sup>2</sup></em></span><span> of 0.936 for </span><span>ln<em>RR<sub>S</sub></em></span><span> was much higher than the <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> of 0.356 for </span><span>ln<em>RR<sub>L</sub></em></span><span>. We conclude that: the sub-humid region has higher ecosystem susceptibility or risk to acidic stress, while the humid region with the highest deposition maintains a relative acidification equilibrium; soils are more responsive to S and N inputs, while leaves pose a lagged and weaker response to acidic deposition. Our findings provide a predictive understanding of how plant leaves respond to acidic deposition across natural depositional gradients, which can help policy-makers structure a sustainable management approach that aims to mitigate future acidic risk.</span></p>
Forest soil acidification consistently reduces litter decomposition irrespective of nutrient availability and litter type
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The highest acidification risk is not at the acidest region: Results from soil’s and leave’s responses across a 3,300 km gradient of wet deposition
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Data from: Soil acidification exerts a greater control on soil respiration than soil nitrogen availability in grasslands subjected to long-term nitrogen enrichment
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