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21 results for “soil animals”
Decomposition, porewater, plant and animal collection, and soil temperature data in Airport Marsh, Sapelo Island, 7/2019-7/2020
Environmental gradients can affect organic matter decay within and across wetlands and contribute to spatial heterogeneity in soil carbon stocks. We tested the sensitivity of decay rates to tidal flooding and soil depth in a minerogenic salt marsh using the tea bag index (TBI). Tea bags were buried at 10- and 50- cm along transects sited at lower, middle, and higher elevations that paralleled a headward eroding tidal creek. Plant and animal communities and soil properties were characterized once while replicate tea bags and porewaters were collected 3 and 4 times respectively over one year.
Data from: Metacommunity theory review and its application in community assembly of soil animals
<p>We were interested in community assembly of soil animals and performed a literature study to find out what is known about soil metacommunities. We aimed to study keywords co-occurrence relationships of scientific journal articles in the field of "metacommunity" research from 1992-2017 as a whole. We also investigated the co-occurrence of the top 20 most frequent keywords in five 5-year time periods.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>In September 2017 we searched the Web of Science with ‘metacommunity’ as the only keyword, and found 1226 English papers published in international journals between January 1992 and September 2017. And we exported these papers from Web of Science as a plain text file (.txt) with the option ‘Full Record and Cited References’, which is archived here. The text file thus contains full records and cited references (in a concise format, so without the titles of the cited papers), and each field is prefaced by a two-character field tag. Afterwards we used the software ‘Citespace’ to create Table 1 and Figure 2 in Guo et al. (2018). We created that Figure 2 using the following settings in Citespace: we choose the “co-occurrence” function and “keyword” as node types, then created keywords co-occurrence relationships (Figure 2). Next, we created lists of the top 20 keywords in different periods, which can reveal the research hotspots (Table 1). The method for extracting the top 20 most frequent keywords was as follows: We use the Web of Science database to retrieve scientific papers from 1992 to 2017, taking into account the relationship between citation and publication time. We calculated the percentage of 200 most cited papers published in each of the 5-year periods. To do so we followed the following steps:</p> <p>Step1: we selected the 200 most cited papers from the entire datset (1226 in the 1992-2017 period).</p> <p>Step 2: we calculated the percentage of those 200 papers published each 5-year period.</p> <p>Step 3: we also calculated an correction coefficient by taking, for each 5-year period, the number of top-200 most cited papers published in that period, and dividing that number by the total number of papers (out of the 1226 selected papers) published in that period.</p> <p>Step 4 Last, we calculate the real keyword frequency by multiplying the keyword frequency in specific 5-year periods with the correction coefficient.</p>
Data from: eDNA metabarcoding of log hollow sediments and soils highlights the importance of substrate type, frequency of sampling and animal size, for vertebrate species detection
<p>Fauna monitoring often relies on visual monitoring techniques such as camera trappings, which have biases leading to underestimates of vertebrate species diversity. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a new source of biodiversity data that may improve biomonitoring; however, eDNA based assessments of species richness remain relatively untested in terrestrial environments. We investigated the suitability of fallen log hollow sediment as a source of vertebrate eDNA, across two sites in south-western Australia - one with a Mediterranean climate and the other semi-arid. We compared two different approaches (camera trapping and eDNA metabarcoding) for monitoring of vertebrate species, and investigated the effect of other factors (frequency of species, timing of visits, frequency of sampling, body size) on vertebrate species detectability. Metabarcoding of hollow sediments resulted in the detection of higher species richness in comparison Hollow sediment detected higher species richness (29 taxa: six birds, three reptiles and 20 mammals) to metabarcoding of soil at the entrance of the hollow (13 taxa: three birds, two reptiles and eight mammals). We detected 31 taxa in total with eDNA metabarcoding and 47 with camera traps, with 14 taxa detected by both (12 mammals and two birds). By comparing camera trap data with eDNA read abundance, we were able to detect vertebrates through eDNA metabarcoding that had visited the area up to two months prior to sample collection. Larger animals were more likely to be detected, and so were vertebrates that were identified multiple times in the camera traps. These findings demonstrate the importance of substrate selection, frequency of sampling, and animal size, on eDNA based monitoring. Future eDNA experimental design should consider all these factors as they affect detection of target taxa. </p>
Data from: Fungal energy channeling sustains soil animal communities across forest types and regions
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The key role of vicariance for soil animal biogeography in a biodiversity hotspot region
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Data from: eDNA metabarcoding of log hollow sediments and soils highlights the importance of substrate type, frequency of sampling and animal size, for vertebrate species detection
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Data from: New perspectives on soil animal trophic ecology through the lens of C and N stable isotope ratios of oribatid mites
<p>Knowledge of the trophic ecology of soil animals is important for understanding their high alpha diversity as well as their functional role in soil food webs and systems. In the last 20 years, the analysis of natural variations in stable isotope ratios (<sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N, <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C) has revolutionized our view on soil animal trophic ecology. Here, we review the state of the art of the trophic ecology of a highly abundant and diverse soil animal taxon, oribatid mites (Oribatida), investigated by stable isotope analyses. The review is based on 25 papers reporting stable isotope data of 292 oribatid mite taxa from 30 different sites. Four main findings emerged. (1) Oribatid mites cluster into six trophic groups, i.e. moss feeders, lichen feeders, primary decomposers, fungal feeders/secondary decomposers, predators/scavengers and marine algal feeders, plus one additional group, which incorporates CaCO<sub>3</sub> in their cuticle for defence but still belongs to the fungal feeders/secondary decomposers group. (2) Of the 292 species studied 43.7% were classified as fungal feeders/secondary decomposers, 27.0% as primary decomposers and 15.7% as predators/scavengers, only few species include CaCO<sub>3</sub> into their skeleton (6.1%), feed on lichens (4.9%), mosses (2.1%) or marine algae (0.7%). (3) In about one-third of the species studied the trophic niche was constant or varied little between sites or habitats, but in two-thirds of the species, their trophic niche varied between habitats, with some species even shifting trophic levels, indicating trophic plasticity. (4) When aggregated at higher taxonomic level oribatid mite species clustered in only three instead of six trophic groups. This indicates that species within the same high-level taxon often belong to different trophic groups, for example, because feeding habits evolved convergently. Therefore, to accurately reflect the trophic ecology of oribatid mites their stable isotope signatures need to be analysed at the species level. However, stable isotope analyses also have limitations, e.g. feeding on bacteria and fungi cannot be separated, and the same is true for feeding on ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Other methods such as fatty acid, amino acid and molecular gut content analyses as well as microbiome analyses may complement stable isotope studies and resolve oribatid mite trophic niche differentiation at a higher resolution. This will contribute to a better understanding of the local coexistence of large numbers of species in soil. Finally, we provide perspectives on how to integrate microarthropods into soil food webs using stable isotope and other methods allowing deeper insight into their<br>trophic structure.</p>
Environmental drivers of local abundance-mass scaling in soil animal communities
<p>The relationship between species' body masses and densities is strongly conserved around a three-quarter power law when pooling data across communities. However, studies of local within-community relationships have revealed major deviations from this general pattern, which has profound implications for their stability and functioning. Despite multiple contributions of soil communities to people, there is limited knowledge on the drivers of body mass-abundance relationships in these communities. We compiled a dataset comprising 155 soil-animal communities across four countries (Canada, Germany, Indonesia, USA), all sampled using the same methodology. We tested if variation in local climatic and edaphic conditions drives differences in local body mass-abundance scaling relationships. We found substantial variation in the slopes of this power-law relationship across local communities. Structural equation modeling showed that soil temperature and water content have a positive and negative net effect, respectively, on soil communities. These effects are mediated by changes in local edaphic conditions (soil pH and carbon content) and the body-mass range of the communities. These results highlight ways in which alterations of soil climatic and edaphic conditions interactively impact the distribution of abundance between populations of small and large animals. These quantitative mechanistic relationships facilitate our understanding of how global changes in environmental conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, will affect community-abundance distributions and thus the stability and functioning of soil-animal communities.</p>
Data from: Trophic level and basal resource use of soil animals are hardly affected by local plant associations in abandoned arable land
Stable isotope composition of plants and soil animals in abandoned arable land <p>Dataset provides raw data on stable isotope composition of C and N of plants and soil meso- and macrofauna. Dominating animal groups were collected in arable fallow systems 3 and 14-16 years after abandonment. Animals were sampled from the rhizosphere of three plant species of different functional groups: a legume (Medicaco sativa), a non-legume herb (Taraxacum officinale) and a grass (Bromus sterilis). More information can be found in the associated paper.</p>
Data for: Plant roots fuel tropical soil animal communities
<p>Belowground life relies on plant litter, while its linkage to living roots had long been understudied, and remains unknown in the tropics. Here, we analysed the response of 30 soil animal groups to root trenching and litter removal in rainforest and plantations in Sumatra, and found that roots are similarly important to soil fauna as litter. Trenching effects were stronger in soil than in litter, with an overall decrease in animal abundance in rainforest by 42% and in plantations by 30%. Litter removal little affected animals in soil layers, but decreased the total abundance by 60% in rainforest and rubber plantations but not in oil palm plantations. Litter and root effects on animal group abundances were explained by body size or vertical distribution. Our study quantifies principle carbon pathways in soil food webs under tropical land use, providing the basis for mechanistic modelling and ecosystem-friendly management of tropical soils.</p>
Animating soils: analysed samples
<p>In the dissertation Animating soils: geoarchaeological approaches to past human-environment relationships in the Arctic, five sites in northern Scandinavia was analysed with geoarchaeological methods. This dataset contain sample information and results. Sample coordinates from Brodtkorbneset, Steintjørna and Hobergsträsk have been measured with a totalstation in custom coordinate systems. The analytical parameters include soil organic matter, inorganic and total phosphate analysis, magnetic susceptiblity before and after ignition. </p>
Environmental drivers of local abundance-mass scaling in soil animal communities
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Data from: Trophic level and basal resource use of soil animals are hardly affected by local plant associations in abandoned arable land
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Data from: Multiple environmental controls explain global patterns in soil animal communities
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Data from: New perspectives on soil animal trophic ecology through the lens of C and N stable isotope ratios of oribatid mites
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Data for: Plant roots fuel tropical soil animal communities
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Population asynchrony alone does not explain stability in species rich soil animal assemblages: the stabilising role of forest age on oribatid mite communities
<p>1. The importance of microbial and plant communities in the control of the diversity and structure of soil animal communities has been clarified over the last decade. Previous research focused on abiotic factors, niche separation and spatial patterns. Significant gaps still exist in our knowledge of the factors that control the stability of these communities over time.</p> <p>2. We analysed a nine-year data set form the national Long-term Ecological Research Network of Latvia. We focused on 117 oribatid species from three Scots pine forests of different age (<40 yrs, 65 yrs, and >150 yrs) and structure. For each forest type, 100 samples were collected each year, providing very high replication and long of time series for a soil community. We assessed different aspects of stability: we used a dynamic null model, parametrised on observed growth rates, to test the hypothesis that asynchrony in species populations stabilises total community size; we also analysed alpha and beta diversity over time to test the hypothesis that temporal variation in species composition and relative abundances is controlled by forest attributes.</p> <p>3. Real communities can be more stable than their stochastic counterparts if species are asynchronous, confirming for the first time the role of asynchrony in stabilising soil communities. Yet, while some real communities were more stable and had higher abundance and growth rates than others, they were not necessarily more asynchronous than the less stable communities. Species composition and relative abundances were also less variable in the more stable communities.</p> <p>4. Species asynchrony generally stabilises species rich communities but is not sufficient to explain different levels of stability between forests. Forest age is a key factor explaining different levels of overyielding and so stability. Data suggests that both asynchrony and high diversity of microhabitat structure of Scots pine forests promote stability of soil animal communities.</p>
Table. Effects of sea animal colonization on the coupling between dynamics and activity of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in maritime Antarctica.
<p> In this study, we chose active seal colony tundra soils (STS), penguin colony soil (PTS) and its adjacent penguin-lacking tundra soils (PLS), tundra marsh soils (MS), and background tundra soils (BS), to investigate the effects of sea animal colonization on the abundance, activity and diversity of AOA and AOB in maritime Antarctica. </p>
Fig. 1 in Plant-cyanobacteria interactions: Beneficial and harmful effects of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds on soil-plant systems and subsequent risk to animal and human health
Fig. 1. Cyanobacterial active compounds induce negative, (A) ROS and enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), peroxidase (POD); and positive effects (B) expression of stress responsive genes (Ssglc and slr1562) that can have a positive effect on increasing plants' stress tolerance.
Population asynchrony alone does not explain stability in species rich soil animal assemblages: the stabilising role of forest age on oribatid mite communities
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.