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85 results for “soil biota”
Soil biota counts from the Elevational Transect (ET) experiment, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2024, ongoing)
Investigation of the effect of elevation and topography on soil biota and soil properties was part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. The number of soil organisms (nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades), divided by species, sex and maturity was monitored at 3 elevations, initially in Taylor Valley (1993) then Garwood and Miers Valleys (2012) in order to accomplish this.
Soil biota counts from the Biotic Effects Experiment (BEE), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1999-2024, ongoing)
Increases in soil temperature and moisture may change the bioavailability of essential elements by altering solubility and diffusion rates in soils, or by changing the amounts of organic compounds. Long-term experiments in the Bonney, Hoare and Fryxell basins have been established with three treatments: 1) increased moisture, 2) soil warming (ITEX chambers), and 3) soil warming + increased moisture. The identification and abundance of soil biota are reported. Only control treatments have been measured since the 2014-2015 austral summer.
Soil biota data from the Pulse-Press Project (P3), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2010-2020)
Climate warming in polar regions is associated with thawing of permafrost, resulting in significant changes in soil hydrology, biogeochemical cycling, and in the activity and composition of soil communities. While ongoing, directional climate warming can elicit such responses over decadal time scales, their manifestation typically occurs as discrete thawing pulses. Indeed, in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica abrupt changes in community structure and biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems following a summer warming event (Jan. 2002) exceeded the influences of a decadal cooling trend in both magnitude and rate of response. Thus, we anticipate that climate-mediated permafrost changes and their associated impacts on soil communities and biogeochemical cycles may occur over seasonal time scales. Our objective is to simulate different frequencies of permafrost thawing events in Antarctic permafrost soils. Since the top horizons of most Antarctic soils are dry permafrost (i.e., there is insufficient water content to generate ice-cement), with ice-cement or massive ice typically below 30 cm, permafrost thawing events are likely to result in subsurface movements of water that may manifest as groundwater seeps down gradient.
Soil biota (earthworm, nematode and soil surface fauna) data of organic, permaculture and conventional horticultural farms of Central Hungary
<p>This dataset has been produced from the PhD research of Alfréd Szilágyi supervised by Csaba Centeri and Eszter Kovács Tormáné. The study compared permaculture, organic and conventional farming systems regarding their ecosystem-service provision potential and sustainability. Multiple ecological indicators were measured in the field during the field study in 2020, and the basic datasets (soil test results; photo gallery of the studied farms with soil core sample; soil resistance and moisture; decomposition; earthworms; nematodes; soil surface fauna; pollinators; agrobiodiversity and habitat types) are uploaded in Zenodo separately to provide scientific data on permaculture systems. In this way, we hope to contribute to international efforts to evaluate the performance of agroecological agriculture alternatives. These publications also serve as supplements to the PhD thesis. For the sake of further usability of the datasets short description of the used methods is described. For further information please contact the authors.</p>
FIGURE 4. Morphotype I in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 4. Morphotype I, family Ligiidae (MCNA 9513, sex unknown). A. Microphotograph in dorsal habitus. B. Camera lucida drawing in dorsal habitus. Figure made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bar = 1 mm (both panels to the same scale).
FIGURE 1 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic hypothesis of Oniscidea based on Schmidt (2008) and Dimitriou et al. (2019) combined with a synthesis of the Oniscidea amber fossil record. Circles indicate the known fossil records; those in red are the new records from Spanish amber, while black circles are those taxa recorded previously. Abbreviations: BA, Baltic amber (Van Straelen, 1928; Spahr, 1993; Weitschat and Wichard, 2010); BI, Bitterfeld amber (Schumann and Wendt, 1989; Spahr, 1993; Dunlop, 2010); BU, Burmese amber (Broly et al., 2015, 2016); D, Dominican amber (Schmalfuss, 1980, 1984a; the family Pseudarmadillidae = Delatorreidae has also been recorded); F, French amber (Perrichot, 2004); K, Kerala (India) amber (Srivastava et al., 2006); M, Mexican amber (Broly et al., 2017, 2018); R, Rovno amber (Perkovsky et al., 2010); S, Spanish amber (Delclòs et al., 2007; this paper). Age is approximately the same for Rovno, Baltic, and Bitterfeld ambers; the same occurs for Mexican and Dominican ambers (Solórzano-Kraemer et al., 2020). *dubious assignment.
FIGURE 10 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 10. Microphotographs of Heraclitus helenae, new genus and species, family Detonidae? (holotype, MCNA 12546, sex unknown). A. Lateral habitus. B. Ventrolateral habitus. Figures made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bar = 1 mm (both panels to the same scale).
FIGURE 3 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 3. Microphotographs of Eoligiiscus tarraconensis, new genus and species, family Ligiidae (holotype, MCNA 9751). A. Detail of antenna in dorsal view; note five peduncular articles pointed with arrowheads. B. Detail of dactylus of left pereopod 1 in ventral view; note small inner claw of dactylus pointed with an arrowhead. Figures made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm; B = 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 2. Eoligiiscus tarraconensis, new genus and species, family Ligiidae (holotype, MCNA 9751, sex unknown). A. Microphotograph in dorsal habitus. B. Camera lucida drawings of dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) habitus. C. Microphotograph of head in dorsal view. Figures made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 6. Microphotographs of Autrigoniscus resinicola, new genus and species, family Trichoniscidae (holotype, MCNA 12522, male). A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus. C. Ventral habitus. Figures made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bar = 1 mm (all panels to the same scale).
FIGURE 9 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 9. Microphotographs of two specimens tentatively assigned to Autrigoniscus resinicola, new genus and species, family Trichoniscidae. A. Specimen MCNA 12678 (presumed male), in ventrolateral habitus. B. Specimen MCNA 12617 (presumed male) in dorsal habitus. C. Specimen MCNA 12617; detail of a posterior pereopod in lateral view showing the modified carpus (black arrow) and simple dactylus (white arrows). D. Specimen MCNA 12617 in ventral habitus. Figures made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bars: A–C = 0.5 mm; D = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5. Morphotype II in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 5. Morphotype II, family Ligiidae (MCNA 14274, sex unknown). A. Microphotograph in ventral habitus. B. Camera lucida drawing of uropods. C. Microphotograph in dorsal habitus. Figures A and C made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm (both panels share the same scale); B = 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 13. Indeterminate Oniscidea specimen MCNA 9924.2, sex unknown. A in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 13. Indeterminate Oniscidea specimen MCNA 9924.2, sex unknown. A. Microphotograph in ventrolateral habitus. B. Camera lucida drawing in ventrolateral habitus. Figures made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bar = 1 mm (both panels to the same scale)
FIGURE 12 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 12. Microphotographs of indeterminate Oniscidea. A. Specimen MCNA 14907 in dorsal habitus, sex unknown. B. Specimen MCNA 9458 in dorsal habitus, sex unknown. Figures made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 11 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 11. Detail microphotographs of Heraclitus helenae, new genus and species, family Detonidae? (holotype, MCNA 12546). A. Head and antenna in ventrolateral view; box indicates that section magnified in B. B. Prominent triangular-shaped scales in A, photographed from the other side. C. Uropods in dorsolateral view. Figures made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B, C = 0.1 mm.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Soil Depth Effects on Soil Biota
Investigation of the effect of soil depth on soil biota and properties was part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. The number of soil organisms (nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades), divided by species, sex and maturity was monitored at various soil depths in Taylor Valley in order to accomplish this. The study began in the austral summer of 1993/1994. Samples were taken on 20-Dec-1993, 6-Jan-1994, 21-Nov-1994 and 26-Dec-1994.
McMurdo Dry Valleys High Nutrient Influences on Soil Biota
Investigation of the effect of penguins (high C and N inputs) on soil biota was part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. The number of soil organisms (nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades), divided by species, sex and maturity was monitored at Cape Crozier in order to accomplish this. Samples were gathered on December 5, 1997 from Cape Crozier.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Soil Moistures for Soil Biota Distribution Experiment
Investigation of the variation in soil biota and soil properties across the McMurdo Dry Valleys was part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project.  The moisture content of soil samples collected for organism extraction and identification was determined.   The study began in the austral summer of 1993/1994. Samples were taken on:    * December 31, 1993  * January 3, 8, 10 and 13, 1994,  * December 12 and 22, 1994,  * January 6 and 9, 1995,  * November 1, 8, 16 and 27, 1995,  * December 5 and 7, 1995, and  * January 12, 1998. Â
McMurdo Dry Valleys Biota Found in Soil Biota Distribution Experiment
 Investigation of the variation in soil biota and soil properties across the McMurdo Dry Valleys was part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project.  The number of soil organisms (nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades), divided by species, sex and maturity was monitored at sampling sites throughout the region in order to accomplish this.    The study began in the austral summer of 1993/1994. Samples were taken on:      * December 31, 1993   * January 3, 8, 10 and 13, 1994,   * December 12 and 22, 1994,   * January 6 and 9, 1995,   * November 27, 1995,   * December 5, 7 and 10, 1995, and   * January 12, 1998. Â
McMurdo Dry Valleys Chlorophyll-a Concentrations for Soil Biota Distribution Experiment
 Investigation of the variation in soil biota and soil properties across the McMurdo Dry Valleys was part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. Chlorophyll-a concentrations from soil samples collected for organism extraction and identification  was determined. Chlorophyll-a samples were gathered on the following dates:   * December 12 and 22, 1994,  * January 9, 1995,  * November 8, 1995,  * December 7, 1995, and  * January 12, 1998. Â
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