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709 results for “soil carbon”
Georgia Salt Marsh: Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Bulk Density, Moisture, and Texture
As part of project predicting soil carbon at depth from that found at the surface using remote sensing, 28 soil cores were taken from six salt marshes along the Georgia coastline. Cores were taken as deep as possible (25 – 165 cm) and sectioned into 5 cm depths. Soils were analyzed for organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), bulk density (BD), and particle size (by horizon). Stable carbon isotopes were obtained in three marshes on Sapelo Island; a subset was also analyzed for radiocarbon.
Harmonized Soil Organic Carbon and Phosphorus Data for the Contiguous United States
Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil phosphorus can strongly influence adjacent water quality by introducing nutrients into aquatic ecosystems and also altering the light environment of those ecosystems. However, national-scale data are uncommon, and even when available, they are usually not aggregated in a manner that is expeditiously merged with basin-level data. To facilitate national-scale analyses of soil data with co-located water quality data, we present aggregated SOC and soil phosphorus data for the Contiguous United States. Data are aggregated using the HydroBASINS basin shapefiles. HYBAS_ID is retained to enable merging with HydroBASINS parent datasets.
Experimental soil metabolism responses to oxygen availability and carbon pulses
Soil metabolism rates were measured in experimental flow-through reactors (FTRs) in order to assess responses to oxygen availability (i.e., redox conditions) and pulsed inputs of bioavailable carbon. The oxygen and carbon manipulations were meant to simulate patchy conditions in the rhizosphere of Spartina alterniflora marshes. The experiment was conducted over 97 days. During the first 84 days, pulses were applied weekly and metabolic responses were measured 1 and 5 days later. After the final carbon pulse, metabolism responses were followed for another 13 days in order to assess starvation responses. We used soils from Airport marsh on Sapelo Island.
Correction Factors for Dissolved Organic Carbon Extracted from Soil in New England 2012-2013
Oxidizable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is regularly measured in environmental samples using a colorimetric method with Mn(III)-pyrophosphate as the oxidizing agent. It is simpler to use and has a much higher throughput than the commonly used dichromate oxidation and combustion methods. Here, we demonstrate that the method often leads to an underestimation or overestimation of the concentration of common organic compounds in solutions. To our knowledge, no published study has taken this fact into account when analyzing DOC data. Hence, we compared Mn(III)-pyrophosphate-based results with measurements performed with a total organic carbon combustion analyzer for samples of organic and mineral soil horizons of two temperate deciduous forests (Harvard Forest, Hubbard Brook), of organic soil horizon of a primary growth hemlock stand (Harvard Forest), and of a peatland (Caribou Bog) located in New England, USA. The Mn(III)-pyrophosphate method consistently underestimated DOC concentration in soil extracts. We present correction factors for the different types of soil studied. By employing correction factors, we find the method can be an inexpensive, accurate, and high throughput tool to measure DOC in environmental samples.
Impacts of Deer and Moose on Soil Carbon, Soil Respiration, and Root Biomass at Harvard Forest since 2017
Over the past decade, several deer and moose exclosures have been built at Harvard Forest to study the effect of ungulate browsing on tree regeneration, species diversity, and composition. We built on the existing infrastructure to study the impacts of deer and moose browsing on soil carbon stocks (soil C, root biomass) in regenerating forests.
Soil Carbon and Nitrogen at the Harvard Farm at Harvard Forest since 2015
These data represent baseline soil bulk density and total soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations for the three grazing treatments at Harvard Farm: hay (no grazing), rotational grazing, and intensive grazing. These samples were collected at the beginning of the study, so any differences across plots or treatments are due to inherent soil variability at the site rather than the treatments themselves. These data were collected to establish the starting conditions with which to compare potential treatment effects at later sampling dates.
Effects of Soil Warming and Substrate Complexity on Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency at Harvard Forest 2017
Soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is a combination of growth and respiration, which may respond differently to climate change depending on physical protection of soil carbon (C) and its availability to microbes. In a mid-latitude hardwood forest in central Massachusetts, 27 years of soil warming (+5 ◦C) has resulted in C loss and altered soil organic matter (SOM) quality, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that long-term warming reduces physical aggregate protection of SOM, microbial CUE, and its temperature sensitivity. Soil was separated into macroaggregate (250–2000 μm) and microaggregate (less than 250 μm) fractions, and CUE was measured with 18O-enriched water in samples incubated at 15 and 25 ◦C for 24 h. We found that long-term warming reduced soil C and nitrogen concentrations and extracellular enzyme activity in macroaggregates, but did not affect physical protection of SOM. Long-term warming showed little effect on CUE or microbial biomass turnover time because it reduced both growth and respiration. However, CUE was less temperature sensitive in macroaggregates from the warmed compared to the control plots. Our findings suggest that microbial thermal responses to long-term warming occur mostly in soil compartments where SOM is less physically protected and thus more vulnerable to microbial degradation.
Carbon Cycle Dynamics in Soil Warming Experiments at Harvard Forest 2019
Microbes are responsible for cycling carbon (C) through soils, and predicted changes in soil C stocks under climate change are highly sensitive to shifts in the mechanisms assumed to control the microbial physiological response to warming. Two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the long-term warming impact on microbial physiology: microbial thermal acclimation and changes in the quantity and quality of substrates available for microbial metabolism. Yet studies disentangling these two mechanisms are lacking. To resolve the drivers of changes in microbial physiology in response to long-term warming, we sampled soils from 13- and 28-year-old soil warming experiments in different seasons. We performed short-term laboratory incubations across a range of temperatures to measure the relationships between temperature sensitivity of physiology (growth, respiration, carbon use efficiency, and extracellular enzyme activity) and the chemical composition of soil organic matter. We observed apparent thermal acclimation of microbial respiration, but only in summer, when warming had exacerbated the seasonally-induced, already small dissolved organic matter pools. Irrespective of warming, greater quantity and quality of soil carbon increased the extracellular enzymatic pool and its temperature sensitivity. We propose that fresh litter input into the system seasonally cancels apparent thermal acclimation of C-cycling processes to decadal warming. Our findings reveal that long-term warming has indirectly affected microbial physiology via reduced C availability in this system, implying that earth system models including these negative feedbacks may be best suited to describe long-term warming effects on these soils.
Reduced erosion augments soil carbon storage under cover crops
This dataset comprises field measurements of soil organic carbon erosion and soil organic carbon stock from 152 paired control and cover crop treatments, collected from 57 published studies worldwide. It also provides related information on the collected study sites, including climate (mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation), geography (slope and altitude), soil properties (silt+clay and SOC concentration), and agricultural management (cover crop species, tillage intensity and experimental duration). Furthermore, it includes the estimated effect sizes of soil organic carbon erosion reduction induced by cover crops in agricultural lands at the global scale.
Soil Carbon in a Hemlock Stand Infected by Hemlock Woolly Adelgid at Harvard Forest since 2015
The main objective of this research is to study changes in soil carbon stocks (soil C, root biomass) and fluxes (soil respiration) in a hemlock stand that is currently infested by the hemlock woolly adelgid, and where trees are declining in vigor and dying off. Soil respiration is measured throughout the growing season using an automated system, which produces a long-term, high-temporal-resolution series of soil respiration over multiple locations. Soil carbon stocks and root biomass are estimated by sampling soil in multiple locations throughout the hemlock stand following the sampling design used by Serita Frey at Harvard Farm (“Conant plots”). The large number of samples will be used to determine how many should be resampled in the future to be able to determine if any difference in soil C content or root biomass is statistically significant. Soil and roots will be sampled every 5 to 10 years to evaluate the trends in soil carbon stocks during and after the decline of hemlock caused by the hemlock woolly adelgid infestation.
Soil Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen at the Soil Warming Plus Nitrogen Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2018
This dataset includes soil air CO2 and O2 concentrations measured from the organic/mineral horizon interface and 10, 30, and 50 cm depths of the mineral soil at SWaN using permanently installed stainless steel gas wells. Measurements were made 4-8 times throughout the year in 2018, 2019, and 2020.
Soil Carbon at Forest Edges along an Urban to Rural Gradient in Massachusetts since 2018
Global proliferation of forest edges through anthropogenic land-use change and forest fragmentation is well documented, and while forest fragmentation has clear consequences for soil carbon (C) cycling, underlying drivers of belowground activity at the forest edge remain poorly understood. Increasing soil C losses via respiration have been observed at rural forest edges, but this process was suppressed at urban forest edges. We offer a comprehensive, coupled investigation of abiotic soil conditions and biotic soil activity from forest edge to interior at eight sites along an urbanization gradient to elucidate how environmental stressors are linked to soil C cycling at the forest edge. Despite significant diverging trends in edge soil C losses between urban and rural sites, we did not find comparable differences in soil % C or microbial enzyme activity, suggesting an unexpected decoupling of soil C fluxes and pools at forest edges. We demonstrate that across site types, soils at forest edges were less acidic than the forest interior (p less than 0.0001), and soil pH was positively correlated with soil calcium, magnesium and sodium content (adj R2 = 0.37), which were also elevated at the edge. Compared to forest interior, forest edge soils exhibited a 17.8% increase in sand content and elevated freeze-thaw frequency with probable downstream effects on root turnover and decomposition. Using these and other novel forest edge data, we demonstrate that significant variation in edge soil respiration (adj R2 = 0.46; p = 0.0002) and C content (adj R2 = 0.86; p less than 0.0001) can be explained using soil parameters often mediated by human activity (e.g., soil pH, trace metal and cation concentrations, soil temperature), and we emphasize the complex influence of multiple, simultaneous global change drivers at forest edges. Forest edge soils reflect legacies of anthropogenic land-use and modern human management, and this must be accounted for to understand soil activity and C
Soil and foliar carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope ratios from rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER, 2011-2020
As rainfall extremes are expected to increase in novel magnitude and frequency, especially in dryland regions, we asked how prolonged and directional shifts to water availability may affect ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics. This data set includes foliar and soil carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and concentration data collected from multiple long-term rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER. Datasets also include rainfall data adjusted to rainfall manipulation intensities. Collection dates range from 5 to 14 years since the onset of experimental treatments. The primary plant species targeted for this study were the dominant grass, Bouteloua eriopoda, and the dominant shrub, Prosopis glandulosa.
Dataset to Schiedung et al. (2024): Millennial-aged pyrogenic carbon in high-latitude mineral soils
<p>Dataset to Schiedung et al. (2024, Communications Earth & Environment): Pyrogenic Carbon is Aged at Millennial Scale in High-Latitude Mineral Soils</p> <p>DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01343-5">10.1038/s43247-024-01343-5</a></p> <p>This repository includes the following files: </p> <p><strong><em>dd_all.csv</em> </strong>- Includes all data for the individual samples that are presented in the manuscript.</p> <p><strong><em>Var_names_dd_all.csv</em> </strong>- Describes all variables in <em>dd_all</em> with corresponding unit </p> <p><strong><em>dd_site_average.csv</em></strong> - Includes all data that has been determined on composite samples for each site or the average of all samples per site </p> <p><strong><em>Var_names_dd_site_average.csv</em></strong> - Describes all variables in <em>dd_site_average.csv</em> with corresponding unit</p> <p>All .csv use "," as separator. </p> <p>This data set is also connected to Schiedung et al. (2022, Catena <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106194"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106194</a> ) and the corresponding repository: <a href="../records/10609291">https://zenodo.org/records/10609291</a></p>
Salt River Wetlands denitrification rate, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium rate, dissolved organic carbon concentration in June 2016 as well as soil porosity and bulk density
Raw and derived data used to calculate denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate to ammonium (DNRA) from push-pull experiments with added isotopically labelled nitrate. Experiments were conducted in 2016 in the Salt River Accidental Wetlands in three different patch types: Unvegetated, dominated by Ludwigia peploides, and dominated by Typha species (T. domingensis and T. latifolia). Data include start and end of incubation concentration of nitrate, ammonium, atom percent 15N in ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, excess mass 29-N2, and excess mass 30-N2. Soil data was collected from the same patch types including soil moisture, porosity, and bulk density.
International Soil Carbon Network version 3 Database (ISCN3)
The ISCN is an international scientific community devoted to the advancement of soil carbon research. The ISCN manages an open-access, community-driven soil carbon database. This is version 3-1 of the ISCN Database, released in December 2015. It gathers 38 separate data set contributions, totaling 67,112 sites with data from 71,198 soil profiles and 431,324 soil layers. For more information about the ISCN, its scientific community and resources, data policies and partner networks visit: http://iscn.fluxdata.org/. For information about processes used to construct the DB: https://iscn.fluxdata.org/data/data-information/.
Map of Soil Organic Carbon: Region of Murcia (Spain)
This data package contain four soil organic carbon (SOC) maps resulted from the best data-model agreement of the analysis carried out in the frame of the Ph.D. Thesis ‘MODELING ORGANIC CARBON FOR QUANTIFICATION OF RESERVOIRS IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL’ (Pilar Durante). Theses maps correspond to the estimates of SOC concentration (SOCc, g/kg) and SOC stocks (SOCs, tC/ha), and their associated spatially explicit uncertainties maps, for the Region of Murcia at 0-30 cm and 100 m spatial resolution. To achieve this, we evaluated four different digital soil mapping (DSM) approaches to estimate SOCc and SOCs for the Region of Murcia (11,313 km2), a topographic and climatic complex area in southern Iberian Peninsula, at three spatial resolutions (100m, 250m, 1000m). Using a local SOC database (255 soil profiles), we founded that a Quantile Regression Forest (QRF) approach had the best data-model agreement at 100 m spatial resolution, with the best balance of accuracy, external validation, and interpretability. The QRF model showed a mean SOCc of 12.18 g/kg with an overall uncertainty of 10.54 g/kg and an accuracy percentage of 79%; meanwhile the mean SOCs was 27,572 GgC with an uncertainty of 0.016 GgC. The analysis showed that using local environmental covariates and local soil information to predict SOC within this region resulted in a relative improvement between ~40% (for SOCc) and ~65% (for SOCs) when compared with SOC products derived from national and global databases. Our results provided evidence that large discrepancy exists between national and global estimates for reporting SOC at a local scale. Consequently, local-to-regional efforts are needed to better describe SOC spatial variability to reduce uncertainty and improve the assessment of soil resources.
Field Evidence of Carbon and Nitrogen Stabilization through Mineral Associated Organic Matter Formation in Coastal Wetland Soils from Apalachicola, Florida, collected in June, 2022.
This data set was used to observe the role of Mineral Associated Organic Matter Formation (MAOM) on biogeochemical soil properties in three coastal wetlands in Apalachicola, Florida. One wetland was restored using beneficial dredged sediment, increasing the soil's inorganic matter content. Soil samples were collected in June 2022 from this wetland and two nearby reference wetlands: one with high organic matter and the other with higher inorganic matter content. The samples were analyzed at the University of Central Florida for biogeochemical properties to determine which properties were most related to MAOM pools.
Deep-soil carbon changes at 62 European beech stands in the Vienna Woods, Austria, 1984-2022
This dataset comprises repeated soil, vegetation, and site measurements from long-term forest monitoring in the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald), Austria, part of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve “Wienerwald” (48.1°–48.3° N, 15.8°–16.3° E). The study focuses on pure, naturally regenerated European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands, initially sampled in 1984 and resampled in 2012 and 2022 . Elevations range from ~180 to 800 m a.s.l., with mean annual temperatures of 8–9 °C and precipitation of 600–900 mm. Soil samples were collected from three mineral soil depths (0–5 cm, 30–40 cm, and 80–90 cm) following consistent protocols across sampling years. Variables include total, organic, and inorganic carbon, total nitrogen and sulfur, exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K), pH, total Fe and Mn, fine soil mass, bulk density, rock content, soil texture, and root biomass. Stocks were calculated. Leaf nutrient concentrations (C, N, S, P, Ca, Mg, K) were determined in all sampling years. Dendrochronological measurements were conducted to determine growth trends since stand establishment, and stand-level characteristics (tree density, DBH, aboveground biomass, crown vitality, slope, aspect) were recorded. Site-level climate data (mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) from 1961 to present and atmospheric deposition data for N and S (1990, 2012, 2022) were integrated from national and European gridded datasets. The dataset supports long-term assessments of soil carbon and nutrient dynamics, forest productivity, and environmental change impacts in old-growth beech forests. Data collection is complete for the 1984, 2012, and 2022 campaigns; no ongoing sampling is planned.
Soil organic carbon and nutrient dynamics in response to anaerobic digestate application to farm fields, Eastern Iowa, 2011-2023
This dataset documents a long-term, field-scale study of anaerobic digestate application on commercial croplands in eastern Iowa, USA. It includes detailed records of digestate composition, application rates, and timing, as well as soil test results collected over a 12-year period (2011–2023) from 14 agricultural fields. The dataset supports analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrient dynamics, and isotopic composition in response to digestate inputs. It contains 421 georeferenced soil samples, digestate nutrient profiles, field management histories, and spatial boundaries. The data were collected as part of a collaborative effort between researchers at Iowa State University and Sievers Family Farms to evaluate the agronomic and environmental implications of integrating anaerobic digestion into row crop and livestock systems.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.