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91 results for “soil chemistry”
Soil Chemistry and Moisture in Macrosystems Biodiversity Project at Harvard Forest 2012
Patterns of biodiversity, such as the increase toward the tropics and the peaked curve during ecological succession, are fundamental phenomena for ecology. Such patterns have multiple, interacting causes, but temperature emerges as a dominant factor across organisms from microbes to trees and mammals, and across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments. However, there is little consensus on the underlying mechanisms, even as global temperatures increase and the need to predict their effects becomes more pressing. The purpose of this project is to generate and test theory for how temperature impacts biodiversity through its effect on biochemical processes and metabolic rate. A combination of standardized surveys in the field and controlled experiments in the field and laboratory measure diversity of three taxa -- trees, invertebrates, and microbes -- and key biogeochemical processes of decomposition in seven forests distributed along a geographic gradient of increasing temperature from cold temperate to warm tropical. Soil chemistry (TN, TC, NH4-N, NO3-N, and pH) and moisture measurements were taken from soil cores from an array of 21 1m2 subplots and processed by the University of Oklahoma Institute for Environmental Genomics as part of a macrosystems biodiversity and latitude project supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement DEB#1065836.
Foliar and Soil Chemistry at Harvard Forest Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Experiment 1995-2009
The aim of the chronic N study at Harvard Forest is to increase our understanding of ecosystem nitrogen dynamics in response to elevated nitrogen inputs. In recent, nitrogen deposition in the Northeastern United States has been 10 to 20 times above historic background levels which could possibly saturate the retention capacity of a forest ecosystem. Long-term elevated N deposition typically leads to an increase in the concentration of total foliar N, with or without similar changes in the important base elements such as Ca, Mg and K. This increase in leaf N content also leads to significant shifts in the internal partitioning of N within the leaf. For example, in conifers, N deposition has been shown to significantly increase leaf N present in the form of free amino acids such as arginine. Little is known about N partitioning for hardwoods under these conditions. These changes in N partitioning are possibly connected to leaf function. The present study was conducted to experimentally test whether the alterations in N partitioning do occur due to long-term N deposition and if so do they have a positive or a negative effect on photosynthetic capacity and biomass production. A possible decoupling of the relationship between foliar N and photosynthetic rate may occurs under these conditions. The treatment plots used in this study are part of the Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Study at the Harvard Forest LTER site (42.5°N, 72°W). The site has a temperate climate with monthly temperatures ranging from -7°C in January to 20°C in July. Average annual precipitation is 110 cm (http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu). The site averages approximately 8 kg ha-1 year-1 of total N deposition. As reported earlier, the land-use history of the pine and hardwood stands used in this study is very different. Two adjacent stands were chosen for the study: an even-aged red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stand and a 50-year-old mixed hardwood stand that had regenerated naturally after clearcutting i
NSW01 Soil water chemistry from porous cup lysimeters on watersheds with different fire treatment
Soil water nitrogen composition is measured using porous cup lysimeters. Measurements include nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, and organic nitrogen and phosphorus. Variables of interest are rainfall patterns, vegetation types, and time since burning.
Mangrove Soil Chemistry Shark River Slough and Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE), from December 2000 to May 23, 2002
Physicochemical variables in soils from stations SRS-4-6 and TS/Ph6-8 were sampled in the period December 2000-May 2002. Salinity, temperature, pH, Redox, and sulfide concentrations were measured in 4 stations (sampling units) located in adjacent 10 x 10 m plots (in a 20 x 20 m block). Statistical analyses are in progress.
Chemistry of freely-draining soil solutions at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Watershed 1, 1996 - present
Tension-free lysimeters were installed in three soil horizons at 13 locations within Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Watershed 1, representing the variation in elevation and forest type of the watershed. At each location lysimeters were placed beneath the Oa horizon and within the upper and lower B horizon. Soil solution samples were collected approximately monthly and analyzed for pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), base cations, soluble anions, trace metals, nitrogen and carbon. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Mass and Chemistry of Organic Horizons and Surface Mineral Soils on Watershed 6 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1976 - present
The forest floor of Watershed 6 was first sampled in 1969-70. These data include forest floor thickness, soil mass, organic matter content, and major-element composition for samples collected since 1976. Watershed 6 has been resampled at intervals varying from one to ten years. Sampling at five to ten year intervals is expected to continue. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Mass and Chemistry of Organic Horizons and Surface Mineral Soils on Watershed 1 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest 1996-present
This data set includes chemistry of O-horizons ("forest floor") and the 0-10 cm mineral soil layer in Watershed 1 at Hubbard Book. Calcium in the form of wollastonite (CaSiO3) was added to Watershed 1 in October 1999. The application rate was 1028 kg Ca per ha, and the application was relatively uniform across the watershed. Pre-treatment forest floor surveys were completed in 1996 and 1998. The first post-treatment forest floor survey was completed in 2000. This data set includes mass and thickness data for the sampled layers. Chemical data include concentrations and pools of organic matter, C, N, Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Fe, Al, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Soil pH and exchangeable Al, Ca, Mg, K, and H are also included. Sampling is intended to continue at 4 or 5 year intervals. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Chemistry of freely-draining soil solutions in Watershed 6, 1984 - ongoing
Tension-free lysimeters were installed in three soil horizons at three locations adjacent to Hubbard Brook Experiment Forest Watershed 6. At each location lysimeters were placed beneath the Oa horizon and within the upper and lower B horizon. Soil solution samples were collected approximately monthly and analyzed for pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), base cations, soluble anions, trace metals, nitrogen and carbon. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Soil chemistry and nutrient distribution in long-term NPP plots at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1989
This dataset contains soil nutrient and chemistry data from soils collected in 1989 at the 15 long-term NPP study sites at the Jornada Basin LTER site. The study sites were selected to represent the 5 major ecosystem types in the Chihuahuan Desert (upland grasslands, playa grasslands, mesquite-dominated shrublands, creosotebush-dominated shrublands, tarbush-dominated shrublands). For each ecosystem type, three sites were selected to represent the range in variability in production and plant diversity; thus the locations are not replicates. In 1989, replicate soil samples were collected at multiple depths from buffer zones surrounding the long-term vegetation monitoring plots. Nutrient and chemical analyses were subsequently performed on these soils, and the data here include inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, cation concentration, percent organic carbon, and other variables. This dataset is complete.
Soil chemistry and nutrient distribution in long-term NPP plots at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1991
This dataset contains soil nutrient and chemistry data from soils collected in 1991 at the 15 long-term NPP study sites at the Jornada Basin LTER site. The study sites were selected to represent the 5 major ecosystem types in the Chihuahuan Desert (upland grasslands, playa grasslands, mesquite-dominated shrublands, creosotebush-dominated shrublands, tarbush-dominated shrublands). For each ecosystem type, three sites were selected to represent the range in variability in production and plant diversity; thus the locations are not replicates. In fall of 1991, replicate soil samples were collected at multiple spatial grid designs in the biomass plots of the long-term vegetation monitoring plots. Nutrient and chemical analyses were subsequently performed on these soils, and the data here include total nitrogen, pH, gravimetric water content, and other variables. This dataset is complete.
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Soil solution chemistry data from long-term study plots
The Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) has established a network of long-term permanent biogeochemical study plots. These plots will provide long-term data on vegetation, soil and hydrologic processes in the key ecosystem types within the urban ecosystem. The current network of study plots includes eight forest plots, chosen to represent the range of forest conditions in the area, and four grass plots. These plots are complemented by a network of 200 less intensive study plots located across the Baltimore metropolitan area. Plots are currently instrumented with lysimeters (drainage and tension) to sample soil solution chemistry, time domain reflectometry probes to measure soil moisture, dataloggers to measure and record soil temperature and trace gas flux chambers to measure the flux of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane from soil to the atmosphere. Measurements of in situ nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and denitrification were made at approximately monthly intervals from Fall 1998 - Fall 2000. Detailed vegetation characterization (all layers) was done in summer 1998. Data from these plots has been published in Groffman et al. (2006, 2009) and Groffman and Pouyat (2009). In November of 1998 four rural, forested plots were established at Oregon Ridge Park in Baltimore County northeast of the Gwynns Falls Watershed. Oregon Ridge Park contains Pond Branch, the forested reference watershed for BES. Two of these four plots are located on the top of a slope; the other two are located midway up the slope. In June of 2010 measurements at the mid-slope sites on Pond Branch were discontinued. Monuments and equipment remain at the two plots. These plots were replaced with two lowland riparian plots; Oregon upper riparian and Oregon lower riparian. Each riparian sites has four 5 cm by 1-2.5 meter depth slotted wells laid perpendicular to the stream, four tension lysimeters at 10 cm depth, five time domain reflectometry probes, and four trace gas flux chambers in the
Soil enzyme activities and soil chemistry near and away from alder collected at sites along the Sagavanirktok River, BNZ LTER sites UP3a-c, and sites near BNZ LTER site WDI6, collected June and July 2019
This dataset contains the data and R code associated with Heslop et al. 2021 "Soil Enzymes Illustrate the Effects of Alder Nitrogen Fixation on Soil Carbon Processes in Arctic and Boreal Ecosystems" published in Ecosphere. Activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, and phenoloxidase, as well as %N, C, P, and Mo, 15N and 13C natural abundance, resin extractable P, and SOM chemsitry using FTIR spectroscopy were measured for soils taken under alder (Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa) canopies and 5 m away. Samples were collected in the Arctic at sites near Sagwon Bluffs and the Lupine-Sagavanirktok river confluence as well as in the boreal forest at BNZ LTER sites UP3a-c and at sites located near BNZ LTER site WDI6.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Fine Root Biomass and Chemistry
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Baseline soil chemistry data measurements from the GCE-LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx)
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots, each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. Soils were destructively sampled before the beginning of the experiment (March 2014) and after approximately 3 years of treatments (December 2016) and analyzed for bulk density, percent carbon, percent nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available nitrate, and available ammonium.
Aggregate mesquite litter chemistry following soil-mixing and decomposition in a semi-arid grassland at the Jornada Basin LTER, 2010-2012
This dataset contains litter carbon content, nitrogen content, and associated chemistry data from a litter decomposition experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER in 2010 to 2012. To assess the role of soil-litter mixing (SLM) in aridland litter decomposition, litterbags were deployed in the Chihuahuan Desert and interrelationships between vegetation structure, SLM, and rates of decomposition were quantified. To assess the role of vegetation structure, litterbags were deployed in contrasting vegetation microsites, including grass, shrub, and bare ground microsites. This dataset contains litter chemistry data from the experiment including percent carbon, percent nitrogen, ash corrections, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio of litter in recovered bags. This study is complete.
NBC01 Konza Prairie Belowground Plot Experiment: Soil chemistry responses to experimental manipulations of fire, nutrients and mowing
To address the potential interactive effects of fire, aboveground biomass removal, and nutrient amendments on above- and belowground responses, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 1986 as part of the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. The general goals of this experiment are: 1) to document both short- and long-term responses of plants and soils to fire, aboveground biomass removal (a surrogate for grazing in these small plots), and nutrient amendments (additions of N and/or P); and 2) to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tallgrass prairie responses to fire, aboveground biomass removal and nutrient enrichment. Effects of burning, mowing, and N + P additions on soil chemistry are measured on the 64 belowground plots at irregular intervals. Variables measured include P, NO3, NH4, Mn, Cu, K, Zn, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, ph, Organic matter and Organic-N.
NBS01 Belowground Plot Experiment: Soil water chemistry from Lysimeters
To address the potential interactive effects of fire, aboveground biomass removal, and nutrient amendments on above- and belowground responses, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 1986 as part of the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. The general goals of this experiment are: 1) to document both short- and long-term responses of plants and soils to fire, aboveground biomass removal (a surrogate for grazing in these small plots), and nutrient amendments (additions of N and/or P); and 2) to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tallgrass prairie responses to fire, aboveground biomass removal and nutrient enrichment. Soil water nitrogen composition is measured using porous cup lysimeters from samples from nitrogen fertilized and control plots. Measurements include nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and organic nitrogen and phosphorus
NSC01 Chemistry and physical characteristics of soils from Konza LTER watersheds with different fire and grazing treatments
Soil chemical and physical characteristics are quantified on selected LTER watersheds adjacent to LTER vegetation sampling plots. Sampling was initiated in 1982, and is repeated every five years. A subset of variables (e.g., pH, Bray extractable P, total C, exchangeable cations) is measured on all sample dates, while additional specific variables (e.g., bulk density, soil texture, CaCO3 content, trace metals, extractable inorganic N) are measured less frequently. Methods for C and N analysis have changed over time. C content of samples from 1982, 1987 and 1997 was derived from Walkley-Black measurements of % soil organic matter (OM) content, using a conversion factor of 1.72 (%C = %OM / 1.72). Soil C content of samples from 1992, 2002 and later were determined by dry combustion and gas chromatography (i.e., Carlo-Erba C/N analyzer). N content of samples prior to 1992 was based on Kjeldahl digeston. N content of samples from 1992 on were determined by dry combustion and gas chromatography (i.e., Carlo-Erba C/N analyzer). Additional details regarding sampling protocols and analytical methods are available in the Konza LTER Methods Manual.
Chemistry of soil solution collected from tension lysimeters in the Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plots
Soil solution chemistry: Soil solution was collected monthly from tension lysimeters installed in the CTE plots. Sampling began prior to cutting the canopy and continue to the present. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
American Residential Macrosystems - Soil chemistry data within parks and residential yards in six major metropolitan areas in the United States, 2017-2018
"In six major U.S. metropolitan cities (Boston, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis St. Paul, and Phoenix), 1 meter soil cores were collected to evaluate soil microbial carbon and nitrogen cycle processes that are sensitive to land management. Laboratory methods followed those used by Raciti et al. (2011a,b) to measure microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, microbial respiration, potential net nitrogen mineralization, potential net nitrifcation, potential denitrifcation, and pools of extractable ammonium and nitrate. "
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